Ethio DVM Association

D/t Names of inflammation in D/t Organs

✔ Gingivitis for inflammation of the gums.

✔ Glossitis for inflammation of the tongue.

✔ Lampas for inflammation of the palate.

✔ Cheilitis for inflammation of the lips.

✔ Pharyngitis for inflammation of the pharynx

✔ Tonsillitis for inflammation of the tonsils.

✔ Sialadentitis inflammation of salivary glands

✔ Oesophagitis inflammation of the oesophageal mucosa.

✔ Ingluvitis is Inflammation of crop

✔ Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach

✔ Appendicitis is inflammation of the Appendix

✔ Meningitis is inflammation of Meninges

✔ Colitis is inflammation of colon

✔ Nephritis is inflammation of kidney

✔ Enteritis is inflammation of the whole of the intestinal tract

✔ Hepatitis is an alterative inflammation of liver

✔ Cholangitis is Inflammation of bile duct

✔ Cholecystitis is Inflammation of gall bladder




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#Case_Number_54

On yesterday, a sheep was brought up to VTH for the diagnosis and treatment of the eccentricity that the sheep was with.

The owner complained that his sheep manifested a clinical sign of submandibular edema and diarrhea since the last Tuesday.

Clinical Findings:-

Fever (40.3), diarrhea, tachypnea, submandibular edema, nasal discharge and enlargement of superficial lymph nodes were encountered during clinical examination of the diseases sheep.

DDx

*PPR
*Haemonchosis
*Fasciolosis

Tentative Diagnosis:-

PPR and Haemonchosis (Concurrent infection)

Definitive Diagnosis:-

Up on laboratory examination, barble pole (Haemonchos contortos) was identified via sedimentation technique. As a result of this, Haemonchosis and PPR were concluded as the diseases that affect the sheep.

Treatment:-

Albendazole and Long acting Oxy-TTC (20%) were administered to give a relief for the the sheep the the sheep was with.


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SYNONYMOUS OF BOVINE BABESIOSIS

Did u know ?

👉 Father of Meat inspection = Ostertag

👉 Father of Veterinary science = Salihotra

👉 Father of Anatomy = Cladius galon

👉 Father of Bacteriology = Robert koch

👉 Father of Cellular & modern pathology = Rudolph virchow

👉 Father of Chemotherapy = Paul ehrlich

👉 Father of Experimental pathology = John hunter

👉 Father of Immunology = Edwerd jenner

👉 Father of Microbiology = Louis pasteur

👉 Father of Medicine = Hippocrates

👉 Father of Vet .medicine = Ranatus vegetius

👉 Father of Vet. pharmacology = Rudolph bucheu

👉 Father of Parasitology = Fraucisco redi

👉 Father of Surgery = Sasruta

👉 Father of Modern toxicology = M.J.B.Orfila

👉 Father of Vet protozoology = leukart

👉 Father of Vet radiology = Richerd

👉 Father of Nutrition = Lavoisier

👉 Father of Modern embryology = Karl ernst van baer

👉 Father of Animal breeding = Robert bakewell



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TRY Vet. MOST IMPORTANT #Qs:-


1. A pharmacodynamic interaction resulting in drug antagonism may be caused by the concurrent administration of penicillin G and___
A. Cephalexin.
B. Gentamicin.
C. Doxycycline.
D. Enrofloxacin
Answer: C

2. The most commonly used anesthetic agent in Ethiopia for local and regional anesthesia is_
A. Ketamine
B. Thiopental sodium
C. Lidocaine
D. Propofol
Answer: C

3. Which one of the following groups of antibacterial agents do not exert bactericidal activity based on their concentration:
A. Fluoroquinolones
B. Aminoglycosides
C. Metronidazole
D. Penicillin
Answer: D

4. All the following are sites for IV administration in small animals, except __.
A. Jugular vein
B. Carotid artery
C. Lateral saphenous vein
D. Cephalic vein
Answer: B

5. If you were to give a horse 1 mL per 100 lb of body weight of an anthelmintic, how many milliliters would you give to a horse that weighs 1100 lb?
A. 25ml
B. 10ml
C. 12.5ml
D. 11 ml
Answer: D

6. Which one of the following is considered as minor surgical case?
A. Removal of benign tumor on heart
B. Drainage of abscess on skin over the ventral abdomen
C. Repair of diaphragmatic hernia
D. Hysterectome
Answer: B

7. Performing minor surgical operations does not need one of the following skills?
A. Skill of administration of drugs
B. Skill of suturing
C. Skill on to use mechanical ventilator
D. Skill of wound dressing
Answer: C


8. Importance of veterinary surgery in veterinary medicine does not include ____?
A. Cosmetic purpose
B. For research purpose
C. Prevention of occurrence or spread of disease
D. Treat life threatening diseases
Answer: C

9. Which one of the following is not correct about preparation and use of surgical instruments?
A. Surgical equipment should always be ready for surgery
B. The instrument should be arranged in their order of use in the surgical pack
C. All the materials used for surgery should be sterilized in autoclave
D. Instruments used should be sterile
Answer: C

10. Which one of the following comes as first step surgical site preparation?
A. Shaving of hair
B. Trimming long hair
C. Make incision
D. Suturing
Answer: B

11. Which one of the following is the appropriate suture material for suturing incision on intestine?
A. Nylon
B. Silk
C. Catgut
D. Cotton
Answer: C

12. Which one of the following basic surgical equipment and materials do you need to perform closed castration?
A. Surgical blade and handle
B. Surgical scissors
C. Burdizo
D. Suture materials
Answer: C

13. Which one of the following is not mandatory to be considered in any surgical procedure?
A. Communication with the animal owner on the need and prognosis of the case
B. Preparation of animal for surgery
C. Preparation of the surgical team
D. Consent/opinion of animal owner
Answer: D





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Classification of BACTERIA by its flagella

CALCULATION OF DRUG DOSES

🗣🧠...DO U KNOW THIS ??!..✍✍✍

✦ Normal placental Expulsion time :-
✔ cattle - 8 - 12hrs,
✔ Mare - 0.5 – 3hrs,
✔ sheep &goat - 3 – 6 hrs

✦ Jaundice
👉 Obstructive jaundice – conjugated bilirubin
👉 Hepatic jaundice – free bilirubin
👉 Hemolytic jaundice – both free & conjugated

✦ Average number of micro-organisms in rumen liquor/ ml

👉 Total bacterial count = 1 x 10^10
👉 Protozoa = 1 x 10^6

👉 Oscilospira = 1 x 10^4

👉 Yeast = 1 x 10^3






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✦ LOoK😲👇👇

👉 Lateral retro pharyngeal lymph node is used to rule out TB

👉 Hemal lymph node absent in horses and pigs

👉 Water : protein ratio of young animal > 4:1

👉 Muscle : Bone ratio for healthy animals = 4:1

👉 Rigor mortis time of cattle = 9 hrs, birds = 2 hrs.

👉 Chilled meat temperature is =7˚C

👉 Chilled offal temperature is = 3˚C
👉 Frozen temperature of meat is = -18˚C

👉 Cooked meat temperature is = 72˚C

👉 Art of removing skin/hide is called flaying

👉 Thawing temperature of meat is = 4-6˚C

👉 Freezing point of meat is = (-1.5˚C)

👉 Process of conversion of muscle to meat called rigor mortis

👉 Meat inspector in his one day work(8hrs)can examine – 75 cattle/200 pigs/250 calves/400 sheep



✦ Bacteria are classified in to d/t categories.

✔ Psychrophile - grow in (13°c)

✔ Mesophile - grow in (39°c)

✔ Thermophile - grow in (60°c)

✔ Hyperthermophile - in grow(88°c)

✔ Hyperthermophile - grow in(105°C).

✔ Halophile - Salt loving

✔ Osmophile - grow in high sugar concentration

✔ Xerophile - grow in very dry conditions







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🗣🧠...DO U KNOW THIS ??!..✍✍✍

👉 Amount of energy lost through methane production = 7%
👉 Rate of gas production in rumen = 30 litres/hour

👉 Glomerular filtration rate = 180 lit/day

👉 Presence of fat in urine is not pathological


👉 Systemic Circulation = 84% of Blood

👉 Pulmonary circulation = 8% of Blood

👉 Coronary circulation = 7% of Blood

👉 Salivary secretion in cattle = 100 – 200 lit/day

👉 Organ of prehension in dog & cat = fore limb






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TRY Vet. MOST IMPORTANT #Qs:-


1. Which one of the following is not a professional ethics of veterinarians?
A. wearing appropriate personal protective clothes
B. Follow proper surgical protocol
C. Make sure all the surgical instruments are available
D. Ask all the required surgical instruments when needed
Answer: D

2. A gram positive bacteria differ from gram negative due to the presence of
A. Outer membrane
B. Teichoic acid
C. Periplasmic space
D. Peptidoglycan
Answer: A

3. Which bacteria is the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract?
A. Enterobacter
B. Brucella
C. Pasteurella
D. Salamonella
Answer: C

4. Which one the following is not a screening test for diagnosis of animals diseases?
A. Milk ring test
B. California mastitis test
C. Rose benegal plate test
D. Complement fixation test
Answer: D

5. Chlamydia have the following properties EXCEPT:
A. Possess cell wall
B. Possess DNA as well as RNA
C. Are susceptible to antibiotics
D. Are not filterable
Answer: D

6. Spores of which of the following are used as a microbiological test of dry heat efficiency:
A. Toxigenic strains of E. coli
B. Toxigenic strains of Clostridium tetani
C. Non-toxigenic strains of Clostridium tetani
D. Non-toxigenic strains of Proteus
Answer: C

7. Step-wise” mutation for drug resistance is seen with:
A. Penicillin
B. Strepromycin
C. Garamycin
D. Kanamycin.
Answer: A

8. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics through conjugation is transmitted by:
A. Transduction
B. Transformation
C. Mutation
D. Plasmids
Answer: D

9. __ is responsible for antibiotic resistance is bacteria due to slime production.
A. Co-aggregation
B. Biofilm formation
C. Mutation evolving in altered target site for antibiotic
D. Mutation evolving a target bypass mechanism
Answer: B

10. Which infectious disease could be so devastating to the poultry industry that veterinarians must report suspected cases to the appropriate authorities?
A. Newcastle disease
B. Trichomoniasis
C. Bumblefoot
D. Pasteurellosis
Answer: A

11. A fungi that can exist as a mold as well as yeast form.
A. Hyphae
B. Tinea pedis
C. Dimorphic
D. Spore forming
Answer: C

12. Viruses that infect bacteria are known as ____.
A. Virons
B. Bacteroids
C. Bacteriophages
D. Retrovirurses
Answer: C

13. Which of the following is not an RNA virus?
A. Retrovirus
B. Enterovirus
C. Rhabdovirus
D. Adenovirus
Answer: D

14. The first step in all virus infection is:
A. Uncoating
B. Migration to nucleus
C. Attachment to cell receptor
D. Transcription
Answer: C

15. Structural component that is found in all viruses is:
A, The envelope
B, DNA
C, Capsid
D, Spikes
Answer: C






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TRY Vet. MOST IMPORTANT #Qs:-

1. The region of an antibody that binds to an antigen is called the:
A. Variable region
B. Constant region
C. Fc region
D. Hinge region
Answer: A

2. Which of the following is a primary function of the immune system?
A. Regulation of body temperature
B.Digestion of food
C. Defence against pathogens
D. Production of hormones
Answer: C

3. The specific three-dimensional shape of an antigen that is recognized by an antibody is called a (n):
A. Epitope
B. Paratope
C. Hapten
D. Isotype
Answer: A

4. Which one of the following statements is NOT true about viral infections?
A. Virus infections are all life threatening
B. Number of viruses cause similar symptoms
C. Virus infection may cause immunosuppression
D. Some viruses require other viruses for replication
Answer: B

5. Which of the following is an example of innate immunity?
A. Antibody production
B. T lymphocyte activation
C. Skin barrier
D. Memory cell formation
Answer: C

6. Which of the following immune cells are responsible for producing antibodies?

A. Neutrophils
B. Macrophages
C. B cells
D. T cells
Answer: C

7. Where are T cells produced and matured?

A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Bone marrow
D. Lymph nodes
Answer: A

8. Which immune cell is primarily involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections?

A. Basophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Monocytes
D. Mast cells
Answer: B


9. Which type of immunity provides immediate, nonspecific defense against pathogens?

A. Innate immunity
B. Adaptive immunity
C. Acquired immunity
D. Active immunity
Answer: A

10. What is the main difference between an antigen and an antibody?
A. An antigen is a foreign substance that triggers an immune response, while an antibody is a protein produced by the immune system to recognize and fight antigens.
B. An antibody is a foreign substance that triggers an immune response, while an antigen is a protein produced by the immune system to recognize and fight antibodies.
C. An antigen and an antibody are both proteins produced by the immune system, but they have different functions in the immune response
D. An antigen and an antibody are both foreign substances that the immune system recognizes as non-self and attacks
Answer: A

11. Which of the following is wrong in approaching animal’s owner during parasitological sample collection?
A. Discuss the case with scientific language
B. Positive welcoming approach
C. Discuss the case with local language
D. Wearing white gown
Answer: A

12. Which of the following test is not used to diagnosis trypanosomossis?
A. Buffy coat method
B. Baermann apparatus
C. PCR
D. Giemsa stained thick and thin smear
Answer: B

13. Which of the following is wrong about modified Baerman technique?
A. Leave it for 1 hour
B. Suspend feces enclosed in gauze in a glass filled with water
C. Siphoning off the supernatant
D. The sediment is examined under low magnification of microscope
Answer: A

14. ___In which type of association both partners are benefited
A.Commensalism
B. predator
C. mutualism
D. parasitism
Answer: C

15. Which of the following helminths are not blood feeding?
A. Haemonchus
B. Bunostomum
C. Fasciola
D. Dictyocaulus
Answer: D





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CAT SKELETAL SYS

CAT NERVOUS SYS

CHICKENS ANAT

TRY Vet. MOST IMPORTANT #Qs:-

1. Which of the following are true about control and prevention of helminthes parasites
A. Use of antihelminthics drugs
B. Biological Control
C. Dietary Manipulation of Worm Burdens
D. All
Answer: D

2. One of the following laboratory/smear technique is used to identify the morphology of protozoa parasite under microscope
A. Thick smear
B. Wet smear
C. Thin smear
D. Direct smear
Answer: C

3. The most important protozoa which affect livestock production and only found in Africa is_
A. Animal trypanosome
B. Animal babesia
C. Animal theileria
D. Animal coccidia
Answer: A

4. Suppose you are working at Kulfo Campus veterinary clinic and a farmer brought a cow with fever, emaciation and bloody urine. What will be your tentative diagnosis for this case?
A. Babesiosis
B. Trypanosomosis
C. Coccidiosis
D. Amebiosis
Answer: A

5: In one of the following protozoal diseases cat and dog play an important role in transmission of diseases respectively
A. Trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis
B. Toxoplasmosis, babesiosis
C. Trpanosomiasis, babesiosis
D. Toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis
Answer: D

6. Which one of the following developmental stages of Fasciola is infective?
A. Cercariae
B. Metacercariae
C. Radiae
D. Sporocysts
Answer: B

7. Which of the following ectoparasite developmental stages cannot be killed by insecticide and accaricide?
A. Egg
B. Adult
C. Nymph
D. Larvae
Answer: A

8. Which of the following are not true about control and prevention of helminthes
A. Regular treatment of herds
B. Use of rotational grazing
C. Pastures should not be overstocked-
D. Animals should not be kept for long on the same pasture.
Answer: D

9. Nematodes parasite that inhabit the trachea of chicken?
A. Ascaris
B. Heterakis
C. Capillaria
D. Syngamus
Answer: D

10. A parasitic nematode that affect ceca of chickenis
A. Capillaria
B. Ascaris
C. Syngamus
D. Heterakis
Answer: D

11. Which of the following is not true about nematodes?
A) Nematodes are round when viewed in cross section.
B) They are bilaterally symmetrical
C) The sexes are separate in most species
D) Nematodes have incomplete digestive system
Answer: D

12. A 2-year-old backyard chicken was severely emaciated. Postmortem examination revealed yellow to grey nodules in the liver, spleen and serosal surface of the intestine. The nodules could be readily enucleated from surrounding tissue. Which disease would be the first on your list of rule-outs?
A. Tuberculosis
B. CRD
C. Coligranuloma
D. fowl cholera
Answer: A

13. Dead, 7-day old chickens were presented to you because of high mortality in the flock. Postmortem examination revealed diffuse hemorrhage in the caecal mucosa and in some birds, distension of the ceca by white hard cores, Yolk sac infection, regressing ovarian follicle, enlarged and bronze liver with milliary necrosis. Which of the following diseases would be the first on your list rule-outs?
A. Ulcerative enteritis
B. Necrotic enteritis
C. Colibacillosis
D. Salmonellosis
Answer: D





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TRY Vet. MOST IMPORTANT #Qs:-

1. The following given chooses are causes of nonregenerative anemia except
A.Lethargy
B. Nutritional deficiencies
C.Kidney disease
D. Bone marrow diseases
Answer: A

2. The dry form of feline infectious peritonitis is characterized by:
A. Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen and causes a pot-bellied appearance
B. Infection and inflammation around the blood vessels, brain, liver, kidneys and lungs
C. Accumulation of fluid in the chest cavity and making difficult to breathing
D. Inflammation of blood vessels and causing fluid leaking from the blood vessels into the abdomen and chest
Answer: B

3. A client come to veterinary clinic with cat which showing symptoms of noise breathing, difficulty in exercise and he/she told you his/her cat vomiting last night and there was problem in breathing. From the given below which disease show above clinical signs?
A. Infectious tracheo-bronchitis B. Pneumonia
C. Brachycephalic air way obstruction
D. Rhinitis
Answer: C

4. Which tick species is commonly associated with transmitting Ehrlichia canis to dogs?
A. Brown dog tick
B. Deer tick
C. Lone Star tick
D. American dog tick
Answer: A

5. What are common risk factors for Leptospirosis in dogs?
A. Exposure to or drinking from rivers, lakes, or streams
B. Contact with infected ticks
C. Consuming raw meat
D. Living in urban areas
Answer: A

6. What are the two forms of Feline Infectious Peritonitis?
A. Dry form and wet form
B. Acute form and chronic form
C. Respiratory form and gastrointestinal form
D. Neurological form and ocular form
Answer: A

7. What is not true about bovine tuberculosis?
A. In cattle it can cause lowered productivity, but seldom death.
B. It can be eradicated by a test and-slaughter program.
C. People suffering from pulmonary TB of bovine origin retransmit the infection to cattle.
D. The disease can be spread from cow-to-human by inhalation.
Answer: D

8. which one is incorrectly stated about avian influenza (Bird flu)?
A. Migratory birds pose risk.
B. Birds can carry the virus without showing any clinical signs.
C. Almost all avian spp. is susceptible to the virus.
D. Domestic birds are the natural reservoirs for avian influenza.
Answer: D

9. Which of the following is not an indicator of poor animal welfare?
A. Increased life expectancy B. Impaired growth
C. Emaciation D. Immune-suppression
Answer: A

10. Which of the following is not true regarding treatment and handling of sick and injured animals?
A. Any operation performed on an animal shall be carried out by a certified veterinarian
B. Sick and injured animals shall be treated immediately
C. Any operation performed to change the appearance of the animal shall be encouraged
D. Equines and camels shall not be carrying loads without having cushions on their backs
Answer: C

11. Which one of the following is not included in the five freedoms of the animals
A. Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
B. Freedom from discomfort
C. Freedom from hunger and thirst
D. Express equal freedom with human beings
Answer: D

12. The treatment of animals in a manner of action that causes the least possible harm to an animal is called
A. Inhumane
B. Abusive
C. Humane
D. Human
Answer: C









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BLOAT IN CATTLE





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VARIOUS FORMS OF RBC




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