በእርግዝና ወቅት የሚከለከሉ የመድሃኒቶች ዝርዝር
በእርግዝና ወቅት በማዘዣ ወረቀት የሚሸጡትን መድሃኒቶች ወይም ያለማዘዣ ወረቀት የሚሸጡ መድኃኒቶች ከመውሰድዎ በፊት በመጀመሪያ ሃኪምዎን ወይም ክሊንካል ፋርማስሲቶችን ይጠይቁ።
ምክንያቱም አንዳንድ መድኃኒቶች በጽንሱ ላይ ጉዳት ሊያስከትሉ ስለሚችሉ ነው።
በእርግዝና ወቅት የሚከለከሉ መድሃኒቶች ዝርዝር እና እነዚህን መድሃኒቶች በመጠቀም ሊከሰቱ የሚችሉ የጎንዮሽ ጉዳቶች ከዚህ በታች ቀርበዋል።
List of drugs contraindicated in pregnancy
1. NSAIDS (Asprine, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Indomethacine… etc) during 3rd trimester. May have effects on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of the ductus arteriosus).
2. Statins (Atrovastatine, Simvastatine, Levostatine… etc). Cholesterol is needed for fetal growth and its reduction by statins could harm the fetus.
3. Warfarin:- Causes multiple birth defects.
4. Testosterone:- Can cause birth defects.
5. Misoprostol:- Miscarriage
6. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim) during 3rd trimester. May increase bilirubin levels leading to kernicterus.
7. Nitroimidazole, (Metronidazole and Tinidazole) during 1st trimester.
8. Griseofulvin:- May increased risk of spontaneous abortion.
9. Methotrexate:- Causes cleft palate along with multiple defects.
10. Estradiol:- Urogenital abnormalities in offspring that manifest later in life. May couse uterine cervix, vaginal and testicular cancer have developed later in life in offspring.
11. Thalidomide:- Seal like limbs and other defects.
12. Clomiphene citrate:- Can cause birth defects.
13. Medroxyprogesterone acetate:- Can cause birth defects.
14. Vitamin A and its derivatives:- Birth defects, miscarriage.
15። Danazol:- Causes malformations in sex organs of female fetus.
16. Finasteride:- Even pregnant women should not handle broken or crushed tablets since it can get absorbed through the skin and affect the sexorgan development of the male fetus.
16. Tetracyclines:- Get deposited in fetal bones and retard their growth, also affect teeth causing them to be discolored and deformed.17. Chloramphenicol:- Gray baby syndrome.
18. Isoniazid:- Neuropthy and seizures in fetus, liver damage in mother.
19. Sodium Valproate:- Defects of the nervous system.
20. ACE inhibitors (Enalapril, Captopril, Lisinopril…etc):- Growth retardation, birth defects, fetal death.
21. Lithium:- Affects fetal thyroid, heart beside causing other abnormalities.
22. Phenytoin:- Cleft lip/ palate along with other deformities.
23. Anti convulsants:- Trimethadione, Valproic acid, Carbamazepine – Multiple birth defects.24. Androgens:- Multiple defects.
FDA categorization of drugs in pregnancy.
Category A
Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters).
Example drugs or substances: levothyroxine, folic acid, liothyronine
Category B
Animal reproduction studies have 6failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Example drugs: metformin, hydrochlorothiazide, cyclobenzaprine, amoxicillin, pantoprazole
Category C
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
Example drugs: tramadol, gabapentin, amlodipine, trazodone
Category D
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
Example drugs: lisinopril, alprazolam, losartan, clonazepam, lorazepam
Category X
Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.
Example drugs: atorvastatin, simvastatin, warfarin, methotrexate, finasteride
መልካም ጤንነት!!
PHARMACY COC QUESTION
