TREMENDOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE DUA.
Prophet of Allah ﷺ taught us to seek protection from eight matters:
Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī (raḍiy Allāhu ʿanhu) narrated that one day, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered the masjid. He saw a man from the Anṣār called Abū Umāmah (raḍiy Allāhu ʿanhu). He ﷺ asked:
“What is the matter? Why are you sitting in the mosque when it is not the time for prayer?”
He replied, “Never-ending worries and debt, O Messenger of Allah.”
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then asked, “Shall I not teach you words by which, when you say them, Allah will remove your worries, and settle your debts?”
He replied, “Yes of course, O Messenger of Allah.”
He ﷺ said, “Say in the morning and evening [what is shown below].”
Abū Umāmah (raḍiy Allāhu ʿanhu) said, “Then I did that, and Allah removed my worries and settled my debts.” (Abū Dāwūd 1555)
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْهَمِّ وَالْحَزَنِ، وَالْعَجْزِ وَالْكَسَلِ، وَالْبُخْلِ وَالْجُبْنِ، وَضَلَعِ الدَّيْنِ، وَغَلَبَةِ الرِّجَالِ
https://youtu.be/rmLSMuRACpY?si=xC0tUU6qFcUEO6RX
Allaahumma ‘innee ‘a’oothu bika minal-hammi walhazani, wal’ajzi walkasal, walbukhli waljubn, wa dhala’id-dayni wa ghalabatir-rijaal
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from grief and sadness, from weakness and from laziness, from miserliness and from cowardice, from being overcome by debt and overpowered by men (i.e. others). [Al-Bukhari 7/158. See also Al-Asqalani, Fathul-Bari 11/173].
Brief Commentary.
Anxiety (hamm)’ is when a person experiences sadness and worries about something which will occur or may not occur i.e. it is related to the future.
Grief (ḥuzn)’ is when a person experiences sadness about something which has already occurred i.e. it is related to the past. For example, one may experience ‘ḥuzn’ over the death of a loved one.
Anxiety and grief can both be debilitating, which is why the Prophet ﷺ taught us to seek protection from it. Ibn al-Qayyim writes, “Sadness weakens the heart and diminishes determination and wanting to go forward. There is nothing more beloved to Shayṭān than the sadness of a believer.”
‘Inability’ is not restricted to physical inability. It can also be mental or spiritual inability where a person does not have the strength to get up for ṣalāh, or to fast, or to part with their wealth; so we seek refuge in Allah from all forms of inability.
We then seek protection from ‘laziness’. Sometimes we are able to do good, but we feel lazy to do it.
Inability and laziness prevent a person from fulfilling his duties. Laziness deprives a person from immense good, as one prioritises personal rest over worshipping Allah and serving His creation. In this duʿā’, we are asking Allah to make us energetic and productive, and to save us from delaying our tasks (procrastination).
We then seek protection from ‘laziness’. Sometimes we are able to do good, but we feel lazy to do it.
Inability and laziness prevent a person from fulfilling his duties. Laziness deprives a person from immense good, as one prioritises personal rest over worshipping Allah and serving His creation. In this duʿā’, we are asking Allah to make us energetic and productive, and to save us from delaying our tasks (procrastination).
Cowardice’ can also lead to inability or may even lead to harm. Cowardice stops one from fulfilling one’s obligations, speaking the truth, defending the dīn and the oppressed, enjoining the good and forbidding evil. Cowardice also stops one from doing good deeds in front of others (e.g. avoiding praying in a public place due to fear of embarrassment).
Miserliness’ is a great evil as it leads to a person neglecting his farḍ duties (e.g. zakāh, spending on his dependants) and missing out on the great rewards of other forms of spending (e.g. ṣadaqah, honouring one’s guests). Islām is a deen of giving and generosity. Similarly, the miserly person is the one who does not invoke ṣalawāt on the Prophet ﷺ when he is mentioned in his presence.