1. Gene (ဂျင်း):
- A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein, which plays a role in the function of the body. Genes are the basic units of heredity, passed from parents to offspring, and determine various characteristics or traits.
2. Alleles (အယ်လီလ်):
- Alleles are different versions of a gene. For example, a gene that determines eye color may have an allele for blue eyes and another for brown eyes. Every individual has two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent.
3. Traits (ဂုဏ်အင်္ဂါရပ်များ):
- Traits are the observable characteristics or features of an organism, such as eye color, hair color, or height. These traits are determined by the combination of alleles an individual possesses.
### How They Relate:
- A gene is like a recipe book, with each gene being a recipe.
- Alleles are the variations of the recipe. For example, a recipe for cookies might have an option to add chocolate chips or not.
- Traits are the final cookies, showing whether they have chocolate chips (the observable result).
### Example:
If you have a gene that controls flower color, one allele might code for red flowers and another for white flowers. Depending on the combination of these alleles (like one red and one white), the flower might show a specific color trait.
In summary, genes carry the information, alleles are the variations of that information, and traits are what we see as a result.