Microbiology

Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Beta hemolytic streptococci
• The spectrum of infections of the deep soft tissues ranges from
localized bacterial, viral and parasitic lesions to rapidly spreading.
tissue destructive infections such as necrotizing fascitis and
myonecrosis.
A) Pyomyositis :- It is common in tropics, therefore also called
tropical pyomyositis. It is a localized infection of skeletal muscles. It
is caused most commonly by staphylococcus aureus.
B) Necrotizing fascitis Necrotizing fascitis is an infection of the
deeper layers of skin and subcutaneous tissues, easily spreading
across the fascial plane within the subcutaneous tissues. There are
two types of necrotizing fascitis :?
i Type 1:- It is a polymicrobial infection, i.e. mixed aerobic and
anaerobic infection. It occurs most commonly after surgical
procedures in diabetic patients or in those who have peripheral
vascular disease
ii) Type 2 :- It is caused most commonly by streptococcus
pyogenes (Group A beta hemolytic streptococci)
C) Clostridial myonecrosis (Gas gangrene) :- It is characterized by
rapid and extensive necrosis of muscle accompanied by gas
formation and systemic toxicity. It is caused by C. perfringens (most
common), C. novyi, C. septicum and C. histolyticum. It is also called


type Ill necrotizing fasciti

Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Scrub typhus
Weil Felix reaction (Detect OXK antibodies)
This reaction is an agglutination test in which sera are tested for
agglutinins to 0 antigens of certain non-motile proteus strains OX
19, OX - 2 and OX - K.
• The basis of the test is the sharing of an alkali - stable carbohydrate
antigen by some rickettsiae and by certain strains of proteus, P.
vulgaris OX - 19 and OX - 2 and P. mirabilis OX - K.
• The test is usually done as a tube agglutination, though rapid slide
agglutination methods have been employed for screening
Weil Felix Reaction
OX- OX-2 K
OX-
Disease
19
Rocky Mountain
?
spotted fever
?
Rickettsial pox
Epidemic typhus
Brill -Zinsser
+/-
?
disease

Correct Answer -C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Clostridium
• Fournier's gangrene is a necrotising fascitis of genitalia, usually
affecting the scrotum and penis.
.| There have been many types of bacteriological culture encountered
in Fournier's gangrene, both single strain and polymicrobial culture
Majority of cases are due to mixed infection caused by both aerobic
and anaerobic bacteria.
• Following are common causative organisms : Staphylococcus
aureus, streptococcus pyogenes (3-hemolytic streptococci)
enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, klebsiella, proteus), enterococci,
pseudomonas, and anaerobes like bacteroides and
peptostreptococcus.

Correct Answer- B
Ans. is "b'i.e., C pneumoniae
There are many serovars of chlamydiae :
C. trachomatis TRIC
-p. 12 serotypes ) Total 15
C. trachomatis LGV
3 serotypes
C
psittaci
Many serotyes
€. pneumoniae
--10. Only one serotype

Correct Answer -B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Rickettsia conorii
Tick borne fevers caused by Rickettsie
Organism Fever caused
R. conorii Mediterranean spotted fever (boutonneuse fever)
Kenya tick typhus
Indian tick typhus
South African tick typhus
Israeli spotted fever
Astrakhan spotted fever
R. rickettsii Rocky mountain spotted fever
R. Afircae African tick-bite fever (A similar disease is caused
by R. parker in US and
A.trisite in South America)
R. japonica Japanese spotted fever (oriental spotted fever)
(similar diseae in North Asia is caused by R. sibirica
and R. heilongjiangesis)
R. honei
Flinders Island spotted fever
R. australis Queensland tick typhus

Correct Answer - C Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bordetella pertussis • In culture smears, the bacilli are arranged in loose clumps with clear spaces in between giving a thumbprint appearance. Culture Characteristics of Bordetella • Incorporation of diamine fluoride and penicillin (Lacey's DFP medium) makes it more selective. • It produces bisected pearl or mercury drops colonies • Confluent growth is present with "aluminium paint" appearance • In culture smears the bacilli are arranged in loose clumps with clear spaces in between giving a thumbprint appearance. • Transport media used are modified by Stuart's medium and Mischulo's charcoal agar.

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Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Scrub typhus
Weil Felix reaction (Detect OXK antibodies)
This reaction is an agglutination test in which sera are tested for
agglutinins to 0 antigens of certain non-motile proteus strains OX
19, OX - 2 and OX - K.
• The basis of the test is the sharing of an alkali - stable carbohydrate
antigen by some rickettsiae and by certain strains of proteus, P.
vulgaris OX - 19 and OX - 2 and P. mirabilis OX - K.
• The test is usually done as a tube agglutination, though rapid slide
agglutination methods have been employed for screening
Weil Felix Reaction
OX- OX-2 K
OX-
Disease
19
Rocky Mountain
?
spotted fever
?
Rickettsial pox
Epidemic typhus
Brill -Zinsser
+/-
?
disease

Correct Answer -B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Motile gram-negative
• Legionella is a gram-negative, non-capsulated coccobacillus which
is motile by polar or subpolar Flagella.
Legionella causes the following infections
A) Pulmonary infections
There are two types of pulmonary infections:-
1. Pontiac Fever: It is self-limiting flu-like illness with incubation
period 24-48 hours. There is no pneumonia.
2. Legionnaires Disease:
• t is atypical pneumonia with an incubation period of 2-10 days.
• It is characterized by cough. chest pain, hemoptysis, high-grade
fever, diarrhoea, confusion, 'relative bradycardia and hyponatremia
• If the onset of symptoms occurs within 10 days of discharge from the
hospital, nosocomial legionnaire's disease should be suspected.
Extrapulmonary infections
• The most common site of infection is the
heart (myocarditis/pericarditis/endocarditis).

Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., MRSA resistance is absolutely beta-lactamhhase
independent

Correct Answer -D
Ans is 'd' i.e., All

Correct Answer - C

Ans. is 'c" i.e., M. Marinum
• ' Fish tank granuloma', also called swimming pool granuloma' , is
caused by M. marinum.

Correct Answer - C Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bordetella pertussis • In culture smears, the bacilli are arranged in loose clumps with clear spaces in between giving a thumbprint appearance. Culture Characteristics of Bordetella • Incorporation of diamine fluoride and penicillin (Lacey's DFP medium) makes it more selective. • It produces bisected pearl or mercury drops colonies • Confluent growth is present with "aluminium paint" appearance • In culture smears the bacilli are arranged in loose clumps with clear spaces in between giving a thumbprint appearance. • Transport media used are modified by Stuart's medium and Mischulo's charcoal agar.

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Correct Answer - B Ans. is 'b' i.e., Corynebacterium Diphtheriae • Four subspecies are recognized: C. d. mitis, C. d. intermedius, C. d. gravis, and C. d. belfanti. • C.d.Gravis Colony on Tellurite Blood Agar is having 2 2mm, dull greyish black, opaque colonies, daisy head, brittle, like cold margarine • Special stains like Albert's stain and Ponder's stain are used to demonstrate the metachromatic granules formed in the polar regions. The granules are called polar granules, Babes Ernst granules, volutin etc • daisy-head colony. a round grey or black colony with a narrow translucent scalloped border, typically produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae on tellurite blood agar.

Correct Answer-A Ans is a' i.e., Neisseria meningitidis

Correct Answer-D Ans.is 'd' i.e., Bullous impetigo • Impetigo is divided into two types :? i ) Non-bullous impetigo (Impetigo contagiosum) :- Caused by staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes i ) Bullous impetigo :- Caused by staphylococcus aureus

Correct Answer -C Ans. is 'c' i.e., Not affected by genetic affected

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Correct Answer -A Ans. is 'a' i.e., Agglutination test • Paul Bunnell test is tube agglutination test

[9.2] A 59-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit for a myocar- dial infarction. He is given a ẞ-adrenergic antagonist and instructed to avoid emotional turmoil to decrease sympathetic stimulation of the heart. From a cellular perspective, sympathetic stimulation of the heart does which of the following?

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Correct Answer- B Ans. is 'b' i.e., 2% . 2% Glutaradehyde (cidex) is an aldehyde disinfectant with a broad spectrum of action against bacteria, fungi, viruses, as well as spores (slow action)