Anatomy embryology histology videos & books

Correct Answer - A
Answer- A. Mesonephros
The ureteric bud, also known as the metanephrogenic
diverticulum, is a protrusion from the mesonephric duct during the
development of the urinary and reproductive organs.
It later develops into a conduit (channel) for urine drainage from the
kidneys, which, in contrast, originate from the metanephric
blastema.
The metanephrogenic blastema or metanephric blastema (or
metanephric mesenchyme, or metanephric mesoderm) is one of the
two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney, the other
being ureteric bud.

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Correct Answer -A Answer- A. Lateral medullary syndrome The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), the largest branch of the vertebral artery, is one of the three main arterial blood supplies for the cerebellum, part of the brain. Occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery or one of its branches, or of the vertebral artery leads to lateral medullary syndrome also called Wallenberg syndrome

[9.2] A 59-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit for a myocar- dial infarction. He is given a ẞ-adrenergic antagonist and instructed to avoid emotional turmoil to decrease sympathetic stimulation of the heart. From a cellular perspective, sympathetic stimulation of the heart does which of the following?

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A previously healthy, 27-year-old agricultural worker develops nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, cough with wheezing and dyspnoea, salivation, and lacrimation 1 hour after leaving work in a field. On examination, he is afebrile with a heart rate of 50/min and blood pressure of 90/55 mm Hg. Laboratory studies show plasma cholinesterase activity less than 50% of normal. Atropine is given intravenously, and his condition improves. He was most likely exposed to which of the following substances?

A Aflatoxin
B Cyclodiene
C Dioxin
D Ergot alkaloid
E Organophosphate

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Answer

That's the D option
The singer is suffering from ramsay hunt .

Ramsay Hunt syndrome, also known as herpes zoster oticus, is a painful condition that occurs when the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox and shingles, affects the facial nerve:

Correct Answer-D
Ans: D. Motor speech

Motor speech defect is also called apraxia of speech.
Injury to the Broca's area/left inferior frontal gyrus causes motor speech defect.

REFERENCE :: BDC 7th edition, volume 4, page no 129.

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Hey newbeezz!!!
I know there's so much to learn but isn't fun...
Okay so I guess in the childhood we all have heard the song, Baby.. Yeah that same which you tried to sing but for someone... .Ok let's not go that way...
So yeah the singer justin bieber is suffering from a condition ----------- which affects------- nerve....

A) bell's palsy, VIIth nerve
B) Bell's palsy, VIIIth nerve
C) Ramsay hunt syndrome, VIIIth nerve
D) Ramsay hunt syndrome, VIIth nerve
E) Sir, mujhe koi mili hi nhi...

A 30-year-old woman presents with complaints of fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath on exertion for the past few weeks. On physical examination, a systolic murmur is noted at the left sternal border, with no signs of heart failure or valvular abnormalities. Laboratory findings reveal a hemoglobin of 7.5 g/dL, MCV of 72 fL, and low ferritin levels. Her reticulocyte count is slightly elevated. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the murmur in this patient?

A) Iron-deficiency anemia
B) Thalassemia minor
C) Aortic regurgitation
D) Mitral valve prolapse
E) Sickle cell disease

PGI PG CHANDIGARH 2009

Q.]During acclimitisation, decreased sweating is due to down regulation of?

a) Epinephrine receptors

b) Norepinephrine receptors

c) Acetylcholine receptors

d) Dopamine receptors

Correct Answer - A A i.e. Starts as continuation- of medial marginal vein

Correct Answer -C C i.e. Myocardium Dorsal mesocardium forms transverse pericardial sinus; somatopleuric mesoderm forms parietal pericardium; splanchnopluric mesoderm forms myocardium & conduction system of hearts (i.e. Purkinje fibers) ; neural creast cells form subpulmonary infundibulum. Cardiac jelly forms endocardial cushion and myocardium

Correct Answer d

Correct Answer - A Mitosis is a nuclear division in which daughter cells receive the same number of chromosomes as that of parent cell. The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are identical to each other and also to the parent cell in the quantity and quality of genetic material.
Mitosis: . It is the process that facilitates equal partitioning of replicated chromosomes into two identical groups . As a result of this two new daughter cells arise from one original cell. .AI the cells created through mitosis are genetically identical to one another and to the cell from where they came. • The main purpose of mitosis in eukaryotic cells are growth of the individual, repair of tissue and asexual reproduction.

Correct Answer -D It transmits the spermatic cord in the male and the round ligament of the uterus in the in female into the inguinal canal. Internal spermatic fascia is present in the spermatic cord. Ilio inguinal nerve passes only through the superficial inguinal canal and not through deep.
Inguinal canal: contains the spermatic cord and the ilioinguinal nerve in the male, and the round ligament of the uterus and the ilioinguinal nerve in the female. It is an oblique canal of about 4 cm. long, slanting downward and medialward, and placed parallel with and a little above the inguinal ligament; it extends from the deep inguinal ring laterally to the superficial inguinal ring medially. Deep inguinal ring: a hole in transversalis fascia lying 3cm superior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament. Contents:
◦ Spermatic cord in males . Round ligament in females Superficial inguinal ring: V-shaped defect in the lower medial fibres of the external oblique just superior and lateral to the pubic tubercle. lioinguinal nerve passes through superficial inguinal ring.
Contents of inguinal canal . Spermatic cord in males • Round ligament in females .| lioinguinal nerve in both males and females

Correct Answer -D The greater omentum is folded back on itself and is therefore made up of four layers of closely applied visceral peritoneum, which are separated by variable amounts of adipose tissue.

Correct Answer-D Interconnection between greater sac and lesser sac of peritoneum is known as Foramen of Winslow. It has the following boundaries:
Superior boundary: Caudate lobe of liver
Anterior boundary: Free edge of lesser omentum containing common bile duct, hepatic artery andportal vein.
Inferior boundary: First part of duodenum
Posterior boundary: Inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta

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Correct Answer -A External hemorrhoids are covered by the mucous membrane of the lower half of the anal canal or the skin, and they are innervated by the inferior rectal nerves. Inferior rectal nerve is a branch of pudendal nerve. Lower half of anal canal is sensitive to pain, temperature, touch, and pressure. . The pectinate line indicates the level where the upper half of the anal canal joins the lower half. . The mucous membrane of the upper half is sensitive to stretch and is innervated by sensory fibers that ascend through the hypogastric plexuses. . The involuntary internal Sphincter is supplied by sympathetic fibers from the inferior hypogastric plexuses . The voluntary external sphincter is supplied by the inferior rectal nerve, a branch of the pudendal nerve and the perineal branch of the fourth sacral nerve.

Correct Answer- B Ans. B i.e. Terminal pulp space infection a painful abscess of the deep tissues of the palmar surface of the fingertip that is typically caused by bacterial infection (as with a staphylococcus) and is marked by swelling and pain

Correct Answer-A Diaphragmatic hernias are of various types. The most common is a posterolateral (Bochdalek) hernia, which occurs as a result of a defect in the posterior diaphragm in the region of the tenth or eleventh ribs.

Correct Answer -D Nucleus involved in Papez circuit is anterior nucleus of thalamus. Ref: Review of Medical Physiology by William ganong, 22nd Edition, Page 256

Correct Answer - B The arch of the aorta begins at the level of the upper border of the second sternocostal articulation of the right side. The branches given off from the arch of the aorta are three in number: the brachiocephalic artery (innominate), the left common carotid, and the left subclavian. Brachiocephalic Artery is the largest branch of the arch of the aorta. It divides into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries.

Correct Answer - C C i.e. Posterior dislocation of hip • Vascular sign of narath is positive in posterior dislocation of hip joint. Due to posterior dislocation, the hip joint falls on the femoral artery, and this causes feeble or absent femoral pulse

Correct Answer -C C5 helps mediate flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the shoulder, and flexion of the elbow. Both C5 and C6 mediate extension of the elbow. m Extension of the fingers is mediated by C7 and 8. Extension of the shoulder is mediated by C7 and 8. m Flexion of the wrist is mediated by C6 and 7.

Correct Answer - B Preganglionic nerves travel in the lesser petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve and synapse in the otic ganglion. Postganglionic fibers reach the gland via the auriculotemporal nerve. Nerve supply of parotid gland Innervation of the salivary gland is as follows:- Parasympathetic (secretomotor) They reach the gland through auriculotemporal nerve as the following route:- Preganglionic fibers - Originate in the inferior salivary nucleus; pass through glossopharyngeal nerve; its tympanic branch; tympanic plexus, and lesser petrosal nerve. Relay ganglion:- Otic ganglion Postganglionic fibers:- Pass through the auriculotemporal nerve to reach the gland. Sympathetic (Vasomotor) Derived from the plexus around the middle meningeal artery. Sensory: derived from the auriculotemporal nerve, except for parotid fascia and overlying skin which are innervated by the great auricular nerve(c2, c3)

Correct Answer- A Portal vein THE HEPATOBILIARY TRIANGLE OR CYSTOHEPATIC TRIANGLE OR CALOT'S TRIANGLE: Boundaries: Common hepatic duct medially Cystic duct inferiorly Inferior surface of liver superiorly Contents: Cystic artery Right hepatic artery Lymph node of Lund

Correct Answer -A Ans. A. Maxillary The maxillae are the largest of the facial bones, other than the mandible, and jointly form the whole of the upper jaw. Each bone forms the greater part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and of the floor of the orbit "Orbital surface of maxilla is smooth and triangular, and forms most of the floor of the orbit" Also know: Maxilla is also the most commonly fractured bone of orbital floor. • The floor (inferior wall) is formed by the orbital surface of maxilla, the orbital surface of Zygomatic bone and the orbital process of palatine bone • The seven bones that articulate to the orbit are Frontal bone ). Lacrimal bone 3. Ethmoid bone I. Z ygomatic bone 5. Maxillary bone Palatine bone Sphenoid bone

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Correct Answer - B
B i.e. Medial pterygoid
Temporalis, messeter and lateral pterygoid musclesQ are supplied
by anterior division of mandibular nerve whereas medial pterygoid
muscleQ is supplied by the main trunk of mandibular nerve

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Correct Answer - A
Portal vein

THE HEPATOBILIARY TRIANGLE OR CYSTOHEPATIC TRIANGLE OR CALOT'S TRIANGLE:

Boundaries:

Common hepatic duct medially
Cystic duct laterally
Inferior surface of liver superiorly

Contents:
Cystic artery
Right hepatic artery
Lymph node of Lund

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Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cricopharynx

Inferior constrictor muscle has two parts :-

(i) Thyropharyngeous with oblique fibres, and
(ii) Cricopharyngeous
with transverse fibres.

Between these two parts of inferior constrictor exists a potential gap
called Killan's dehiscence. It is also called the gateway to tear as
perforation can occur at this site during esophagoscopy. It is also the site for herniation of pharyngeal mucosa in case of pharyngeal
pouch.

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