በ video በ ቅርቡ
📚 Communicative English Skill I.
📚 Unit One - Study Skills.
📚 Grammar Focus - Present Perfect Tense.
📚 Targeted Group - First year University Students.
☑️Present Perfect Tense
🔰Affirmative form
I/we/they/you + have + V3.
He/She/It + has + V3
🎴Negative form
I/we/they/you+haven't+V3.
He/She/It + hasn't + V3.
🎁Question form
Have + I/we/they/you +V3?
Has + he/she/it + V3?
🍄Usage
🌹1⃣) to describe an event that happened in the past and are still true now because you can see the result.
📚 ከአሁን በፊት የተከናወነ አንድ ድርጊት ነበር፡ ታድያ ይኸ ከአሁን በፊት ተከናውኖ የነበረው ድርጊት ውጤቱ አሁን ላይ የሚይታይ ወይም ያለ ከሆነ ፡ ከአሁን በፊት ተከናውኖ የነበረው ድርጊት በ present perfect ይገለፃል።
📚 ማለትም ድርጊቱ ከአሁን በፊት(past) ነው ተከናውኖ ያለቀው ነገርግን የ ድርጊቱ ውጤት አሁን(present) ላይ የሚታይ ከሆነ ይኸን ድርጊት በ present perfect እንገልፀዋለን ማለት ነው።
🎯 Example 1
📚 ትናንት 11:00 አካባቢ ከዛፍ ላይ ወደክ በመውደቅህ ምክንያት ታመህ ወይም ተሰብረህ ዛሬ አልጋ ላይ ተኛህ። ስለዚህ ትናንት ከዛፍ ላይ መውደቅህ ከአሁን በፊት የተከናወነ ድርጊት ነው፡ በመውደቅህ ምክንያት ዛሬ ታመህ አልጋ ላይ መተኛትህ የትናንቱ ድርጊት ውጤት ነው። ዛሬ ታድያ ጓደኞችህ ምን ሁነህ ነው ብለው ቢጠይቁህ፡ ከዛፍ ላይ ወድቄ ነው ብለህ ነው ምትመልስላቸው። so,
🚼I have fallen from a tree.
📚 ታዲያ ብዙዎቻችን ድርጊቱ ማለትም ከዛፍ ላይ መውደቁ ትናንት ተከናውኖ ያለቀ ድርጊት ነው፡ ለምን በ simple past አይገለፅም የሚል ጥያቄ ልናነሳ እንችላለን። አሪፍ ጥያቄ ነው ነገርግን ማስተዋል ያለብን ነገር በትናንትናው ድርጊት ምክንያት ውጤቱ ማለትም ዛሬ ላይ ታሞ መተኛቱ ነው present perfect እንድንጠቀም ያደረገን። ነገር ግን ትናንት በመውደቁ ምክንያት ዛሬ ላይ ካልታመመ ጤነኛ ከሆነ፡ የትናንቱ ድርጊት አሁን ላይ የሚታይ ውጤት ስለለው በ simple past ይገለፃል። ልዩነቱ፡
🔘I have fallen from a tree.( አሁን ላይ ታምሜአለሁ ወይም ተሰብሬአለሁ ወይም የደረሰብኝ ጉዳት አለ ማለት ነው።)
🔘I fell from a tree.( አሁን ላይ የደረሰብኝ ጉዳት የለም እንደማለት ነው።)
🎯 Example 2
📚 ለምሳሌ ልጁ(the boy) መኪናውን አፅድቶ ጨርሷል። እና አሁን መኪናው ፅድት ብሎ አዲስ መስሏል። ተመልከቱ ልጁ መኪናውን አፅድቶ ጨርሷል ማለትም ከአሁን በፊት የተከናወነ ድርጊት ነው። ነገር ግን ውጤቱ ማለትም መኪናው ፅድት ብሎ አዲስ መምሰሉ አሁን ላይ የሚስተዋል የሚታይ ነው። ስለዚህ
🍄 The boy has cleaned the car. It looks new again.
🌹2⃣) to describe an event that happened a few minutes ago.
📚 ከትንሽ ደቂቃዎች በፊት የተከናወነን ድርጊት ለመግለፅ። ማለትም ከ 10 ደቂቃ በፊት፡ ከ 15 ደቂቃ በፊት፡ ከ 20 ደቂቃ በፊት፡ ከ 5 ደቂቃ በፊት ወዘተ የተከናወኑ ድርጊቶችን ለመግለፅ present perfectን እንጠቀማለን ።
🎯 Example
📚 የ Arsenal ና chelsea ን ጨዋታ DSTV ቤት ሔደህ አየህ፡ ጨዋታው በ Arsenal አሸናፊነት ተጠናቀቀ። ጨዋታው አልቆ ከ 20 ደቂቃ በሗላ ጓደኛህ ማን አሸነፈ ብሎ ቢጠይቅህ፡ ድርጊቱ ከትንሽ ደቂቃ(ከ 20 ደቂቃ) በፊት የተከናወነ ስለሆነ በ prsent perfect ትገልፀዋለህ።
🔘Arsenal has won the match.
ነገር ግን ጨዋታው ካለቀ ከ አንድ ቀን ምናምን በሗላ ማን አሸነፈ ብሎ ቢጠይቅህ በ present perfect ሳይሆን በ simple past ነው የምትገልፀው።so,
🔘Arsenal won the match.
🌹3⃣) to describe an event that started in the past and is still happening now.
📚 ካሁን በፊት ሲከናወን የነበረ አሁንም በመከናወን ላይ ያለ ድርጊትን ለመግለፅ present perfect ን እንጠቀማለን።
📚 እዚጋ ታድያ ድርጊቱ ከአሁን በፊት ለምን ያክል ጊዜ ተከናውኖ እንደነበር ለመግለፅ 'For' ን ስንጠቀም ፡ ከአሁን በፊት ሲከናወን የነበረው ድርጊት ከመቼ
ጊዜ ጀምሮ እንደተከናወነ ለመግለፅ ደግሞ 'Since' ን እጠቀማለን።
📚 እንዲሁም ካሁን በፊት(past) ሲከናወን የነበረ አሁንም በመከናወን ላይ ያለ ድርጊት መሆኑን ለማመልከት So far , till now , up to now የመሳሰሉትን መጠቀም እንችላለን። ትርጉማቸውም 'እስካሁን' ማለት ነው።
🎯 Example
📚 Million የ computer science መምህር ነው። computer science ን ከ 2006 ጀምሮ ለ 8 አመት አስተምሯል አሁንም በማስተማር ላይ ይገኛል። ስለዚህ😎
🔘Million has taught computer science for 6 years.(ለ 6 አመት አስተምሯል፡ አሁንም እያስተማረ ነው።)
🔘 Million has taught Computer Science since 2006.( ከ 2006 ዐ.ም ጀምሮ እስካሁን እያስተማረ መሆኑን።)
📚 እዚጋ ማስተዋል ያለብን ነገር million ከ 2006 ጀምሮ ለ 8 አመት አስተምሮ አሁን ላይ ግን ሌላ ስራ ይዞ ይኸን ትምህርት የማያስተምር ከሆነ በ present perfect ሳይሆን በ simple past ነው የምንገልፀው።
🔘Million taught Computer Science for 6 years.(ለ 6 አመት አስተምሮ ነበር አሁን ላይ ግን እያስተማረ አይደለም።)
🍄 Million ከ 2006 ጀምሮ እስካሁን computer science እያስተማረ መሆኑን ለመግለፅ ደግሞ👇
⏲ Million has taught computer science so far.(million እስካሁን CS እያስተማረ ነው) በ so far ቦታ till now ወይም up to now ን መጠቀም እንችላለን።
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𝚃𝚄𝚃𝙾𝚁𝙸𝙰𝙻 𝙲𝙻𝙰𝚂𝚂 𝙵𝙾𝚁 𝙰𝙻𝙻 𝙲𝙰𝙼𝙿𝚄𝚂 𝚂𝚃𝚄𝙳𝙴𝙽𝚃 Telegram-Kanal
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