BOKO SECONDARY SCHOOL

1ST SEM MODEL EXAM ANSWER KEY

DEAR ALL,
QORMAANNI AKKAM TURE??
Boru physics/geo fi chem/History itti fufa
💜🥀  💜🥀 💜🥀🥀 💜🥀 💜🥀
YEROO KEE AKKA HIN QISAASNEEF WANTOOTA 3 GOCHUU QABDA....
📕📕📕📕📕📕📕📕📕

🤲Yeroon kennaa  madaala hin qabne uumaan siif kenneedha. Yeroon invastimantii qaalii ta'e Rabbii keerraa argatteedha. Hundi keenya guyyaa gara addunyaa kanatti dhufne irraa kaasee sa'aatii  wal fakkaatu 24 qabna. Uumamni  Marti yeroo walqixa ta'e uumaasaarraa badhaafamus addunyaa kanarratti kan milkaa'an baayyee muraasa. Of gaafattee beektaa???
Namoonni muraasni qofti  addatti kan milkaaʼan maaliifi(akkamitti)? Namoonni biroo yeroo wal fakkaataa osoo qabanii  homaa gochuu maaliif dadhabu?
Iccitiin Warra milkaa'ee maali??
🤗 👍📚
🤲 🙏✍️✍️✍️ ✍️Asii dubbisi👇
🤗 👍📚
💡 Iccitiin milkaa'inaa guðdaan itti fayyadama yeroo beekuudha!
💪Wantoota sadan asii gadii Yeroo kee ogummaadhaan akka itti fayyadamtuuf si gargaaran kanneen ilaali.. 👇
1. 'Seera daqiiqaa lamaa' kan jalqabaa.
🤲 Yeroo baay'ee waan tokko ni raawwadha  moo ni dhiisaan siharkaa walmake tahe,osoo hin hubatin yeroo kee hataa jirta.Tarii yoo murteessitemmoo hojjachuun hangas rakkisaa ta'uu dhiisuu mala.
🙏 Kanaaf sammuu kee daqiiqaa lama keessatti waan gochuu dandeessu murtoo akka godhu  leenjisi.
2. Kaayyoo gurguddaaf ka’umsa xixiqqoo qabaachuu.
🤲Kaayyoon kee gurguddaan mul'ata bakka deemtuuf si akeeku ta'a. Iddoon ati irraa kaate xinnaan (ka’umsa kee xixiqqoo) hojiiwwan xixiqqoo ati har'a hojjattu ta’u. Kaayyoo jireenya kee isa guddaa dhugoomsuudhaaf motorri olaanaan dandeettiiwwan kee taʼu. Kanaaf osoontuffatin Wantoota xixiqqoo hojjachuun amala kee guyyaa guyyaa ta’uu qaba. Ta’uu baannaan isa guddaa galmaan gahuun hin danda’amuu beeki....
3. Yeroo tokkotti hojii tokko irratti xiyyeeffadhu.
🤲Dhimmoota hedduu irratti humna wal fakkaatu baasuun bu'a qabeessa namantaasisu.Yeroo qisaasuun balleessuu ta'a.Konkolaataa oofaa osoo jiranii ergaa barreeffamaa erguun balaa akka qabuudha physcologyn(Xiin-sammuuun) akka agarsiisutti. Kunis namni tokko waan lamaa fi sadi irratti wal qixa xiyyeeffachuu waan hin dandeenyeef. Tokko irratti yoo xiyyeeffatte garuu bu’a qabeessa akka si godhu shakkii hin qabu. Kanaaf galma kee irratti xiyyeeffadhu.
Sana booda qulqullina olaanaa fi olka’iinsaan waan barbaadde galmaan gahuu ni dandeessa.

D.A covalent bond involves the sharing of protons between atoms
32.For a molecule with the following electron configuration: 10 bonding electrons and 6 anti-bonding electrons, what is the bond order?
A. 1 B.2 C. 0 D. 3
33.Which of the following is a correct expression of Charles' Law?
A. V ∝ P/T B. V ∝ T/P C. V ∝ T D. P ∝ V/T
34.Which of the following factors must remain constant for Boyle's Law to apply?
A. Pressure B. Temperature C. Volume D. Amount of gas
PART lV WORK OUT
35.What is the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 500 nm? (Planck's constant 6.63x10_34J.s & speed of light 3x108m/s)
36. Calculate energy of an electron in the n = 2 energy level of a hydrogen atom. use the Rydberg constant value 2.18 x10-18 J.

ANSWERS OF 1ST SEM G-11 CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM IN 2017 E.C BY Teacher T.D

### PART I: TRUE/FALSE
1. True
2. True
3. False (Isobars are atoms of different elements with the same mass number.)
4. False
5. (Bonus)
6. False (Melting is the process of converting solid into liquid.)
7. True
8. True

### PART II: MATCHING MOLECULES WITH GEOMETRIES
9. H2O - C. Bent
10. CO2 - A. Linear
11. NH3 - D. Tetrahedral
12. PCl5 - E. Trigonal Bipyramidal
13. CH4 - D. Tetrahedral

### PART II: MATCHING MOLECULES WITH HYBRIDIZATION TYPES
14. CH4 - E. sp3
15. CH2O - A. sp2
16. SF6 - B. sp3d2
17. C2H2 - C. sp
18. PCl5 - D. sp3d

### PART III: CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWERS
19. A. Electrons move in fixed orbits around the nucleus.
20. B. The attraction between sodium and chloride ions in NaCl.
21. C. 7
22. B. Angular momentum quantum number (l)
23. B. p orbitals have a dumbbell shape, while s orbitals are spherical.
24. D. 2, 1, -1, 1/2
25. B. 10L
26. C. 6L
27. A. Solid
28. B. Inversely proportional
29. C. 40K
30. A. 15σ bonds and 1π bond
31. C. A covalent bond according to the valence bond theory is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
32. A. 1
33. C. V ∝ T
34. B. Temperature

### PART IV: WORK OUT
35. Energy = 3.98 × 10^-19 J
36. Energy = -5.45 × 10^-19 J
37. Frequency = 2.00 × 10^15 Hz
38. Molar mass of unknown gas = 60 g/mol
39. Pressure = 10.29 atm
40. Initial moles = 0.27 mol, Final moles = 0.54 mol

B. p orbitals have a dumbbell shape, while s orbitals are spherical.
C.p orbitals are cloverleaf-shaped, while s orbitals have a dumbbell shape.
D. There is no difference in shape between p and s orbitals.
24. Which set of quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms) is not possible?
A. 1, 0, 0, 1/2 B. 1, 1, 0, 1/2 C. 1, 0, 0, -1/2 D. 2, 1, -1, 1/2
25.A balloon is filled with 2.0 L of gas at 300 K and 1.0 atm. What will the new volume be if the temperature increases to 600 K, assuming pressure remains constant?
A.7L B.10L C.6L D.4L
26. A sample of gas has a volume of 3.0 L at 2.0 atm. What will the volume be if the pressure is changed to 1.0 atm, assuming temperature is constant?
A. 8L B.24L C. 6L D.4L
27.Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
A) Solid B) Liquid C) Gas D) Plasma
28.What is the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas, according to Boyle’s Law?
A) Directly proportional B) Inversely proportional
C) Unrelated D) Dependent on temperature
29. The pressure of a gas in a cylinder when heated to a temperature of 300 K is 10 atm. What is the initial temperature of the gas if its initial pressure was 1.0 atm?
A.60K B.30K C.40K D.50K
30.How many sigma &Pi bonds are present in the following molecule?H3C -CH =CH -CH2-CH3
A.15σ bonds and 1π bond B. 8σ bonds and 2π bonds
C. 10σ bonds and 2π bond D. 11σ bonds and 1π bond
31. What is a covalent bond according to the valence bond theory?
A.A covalent bond is only formed between atoms of the same element
B.A covalent bond is formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms
C.A covalent bond according to the valence bond theory is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

15. CH2O B. SP3d2
16. SF6 C.SP
17. C2H2 D.SP3d
18. PCl5 E. sp3

PART III CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWERS FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
19.What is the main concept of the Bohr model of the atom?
A. Electrons move in fixed orbits around the nucleus.
B. Electrons are scattered randomly within the atom.
C. Electrons move in continuous orbits.
D. Electrons exist only in the nucleus
20. Which of the following is an example of an intramolecular force?
A.The force between H₂O molecules in water.
B. The attraction between sodium and chloride ions in NaCl.
C. The force between two nitrogen molecules (N₂).
D. The hydrogen bond between H₂O molecules.
21.For an orbital with an angular momentum quantum number (l) of 3, how many possible values of the magnetic quantum number (m_l) are there?
A. 4 B. 8 C. 7 D. 3
22.Which of the following quantum numbers describes the shape of an orbital?
A. Principal quantum number (n)
B. Angular momentum quantum number (l)
C.Magnetic quantum number (m_l)
D. Spin quantum number (m_s)
23.What distinguishes the p orbitals from s orbitals in terms of shape?
A. p orbitals are spherical, while s orbitals are dumbbell-shaped.

BOKO SECONDARY SCHOOL CHEMISTRY FIRST SEMESTER FINAL EXAM FOR GRADE 11TH IN 2017/2025 TIME ALLOWED 1:20
PART I. WRITE TRUE FOR THE CORRECT STATEMENT AND FALSE FOR THE WRONG STATEMENTS
1.The energy of quantum is directly proportional to the frequency of radiation .
2.covalent bonds are formed between nonmetals and involve the sharing of electrons.
3. Isobars are atom of different elements with the same neutrons number.
4.Lone pair of electrons on the central atom of a molecule has no effect on the geometry of the molecule.
5. Gas has either definite volume nor definite shape.
6. Melting is the process of converting liquid into soild.
7.The principal quantum number (n) can have any positive integer value.
8.The octet rule states that atoms are most stable when they have 8 electrons in their valence shell.
PART II MATCH THE FOLLOWING IONS OR MOLECULES WITH THEIR MOLECULAR GEOMETRIES
List 1 List 2
(Ions or molecules) (Molecular geometries
9. H2O A. Linear
10. CO2 B. Trigonal planar
11. NH3 C. Bent
12. PCl5 D. Tetrahedral
13. CH4 E.Trigonal Bipyarimidal
PART II.MATCH THE FOLLOWING MOLECULES WITH HYBRIDIZATION TYPES
LIST 1( MOLECULES) TYPES OF HYBRIDIZATION
14. CH4 A. SP2
15. CH2O B. SP3d2

https://youtu.be/yo3inypaaRg

🔑 password of Grade 9 Mathematics worksheet
👉 mw9999

G-12 Biology Worksheet prepared by Teacher Birhanu Asefa and written by Derartu M.

G-12 Mathematics worksheet prepared by Teacher Abrahim Mohamed

Guyyaan xumuraa barattootni kutaa 12ffaa dhunfaan qoraman itti galmaa'uu danda'an boru qofa jechunis Ammajjii 15,2017
Maaloo itti fayyadamaa warreen fedhii qabdan

Guyyaa 14/5/2017

Announce for G-12 private students
==================
Deadline for Grade 12 private students registration is Tomorrow Thrusday january 23,2025 G.C

Guyyaa 13/05/2017
Orientation'n kenname
===============
M/Barumsaa Sad.2ffaa Bokkootti Orientation'n haala kenninsa Qormaata Semisteera 1ffaa ilaalchise karaa D/B/M/Barumsaan barattoota kutaa 9-12 jiraniif iddoo Barsiisoonni M/Barumsichaa argamanitti kennamee jira.

Pic from F.U

https://youtu.be/3pP00wThYkQ?si=AdeKBS5upMuOFi1k

https://youtu.be/L9YSIOOlhAM?si=hlPmR5rZR0LPOESs

https://youtu.be/UANiWyXWK3o?si=rUVulutN-abtRU2-

https://youtu.be/UANiWyXWK3o?si=yxqWIStBB774rncY

https://youtu.be/4uBm7dlh7Dg?si=LFqrFbpbapVEljyZ

https://youtu.be/pQdYOBW2slE?si=ttGebymYdhATEikb

https://youtu.be/YGk1Btyd9-I?si=Y8ZLQzMUPueCH_x_

https://youtu.be/YGk1Btyd9-I?si=z1b4akt7w4b9Q3qK

https://youtu.be/YGk1Btyd9-I?si=FaCqgrVlz5X4fYow

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScvt7-mdgld69RnECXep5wQ8NNhdgrLDpKPWa974YF7AHvraQ/viewform?usp=sf_link

🅱EEKSISAA
Barattoota kutaa 12ffaa hundaaf
===========
■Akkuma beekkamu Qormaatni keessan kan Seemisteera 1ffaa BBO'n kan Qophaa'uu yommuu tahuu qabiyyeen isaa:
☆Kutaa 11ffaa hundaafi kutaa 12ffaa qabiyyee seemisteera 1ffaa ta'a
■Qormaatni Biyyooleessa immoo Qabiyyeen inni hammatuu ifoomeera.haala kanaan
☆kutaa 9ffaa Old Curriculum
☆kutaa 11ffaa New Curriculum
☆kutaa 12ffaa New Curriculum kanaafuu jabaattanii Qophii cimsuu qabdan
Hubachiisa:Kutaa 10ffaa Old Curriculumis ta'ee New Curriculum hin hammatu

Qophii gaarii!
Jabaadhaa ni dandeessuu!

Barattootni keenya hundii haaluma Sagantaa gubbatti maxxanfamee kanaan Qormaata waan jalqabnuuf Ammumarraa qophii keessan akka cimsitan isin beeksifna.

Dubbisa gaarii

Sagantaa Qorumsa: Qorumsi sem. 1ffaa bara 2017 kutaa: 5,7,9,10 fi 11 Amajjii Guyyaa 15-20 ti kennamu qaba. yeroo sagantaan qorumsa kutaalee kana bahu qorumsa akka herregaa, Fiziksii fi gosa barumsa ulfaata ta'e guyyaa 19 fi 20 irraa ta'uu qaba Sababni isaas Guyyaa sanbata lameen carraa sirritti dubbisuu waan qabaniif. kan kutaa 6,8 fi 12 ffaa immoo Amajjii 21-23 kennama . kan kutaa 12 akka Naannooti waan ta'eef sagantaa Qorumsa BBO irra nuuf ergameen Qoramu. kan kutaa 6 fi 8 sadarkaa Godinaati Qopha'ee jirus sagantaan Qorumsa akka Godina keenyaati qopha'ee isiniif ergama. Aanaalee sagantaa kana ilaalcha keessa galchuun Qophii barbaachisu gochuu qabu. keessattu kan kutaa 5,7,9, 10 fi 11 dursan baayifachuun kan kutaa 6, 8, fi 12 Qophii gochuu qabu.Dursaan Garee Qorumsa aanaas Guyyaa 6 /5/17 ti Godina galee guyyaa 7/5/2017 Oranteeshiin gabaaba fudhachuun Qorumsa sadarkaa Godinaati Qopha'ee kan kutaa 6 fi 8ffaa akkasumas kan kutaa 12ffaa akka BBO ti Qopha'ee dhufe fudhachuun Qorumsa kanaaf Qophii barbaachisu gochuu qabu.

🅱EEKSISAA
Barattoota kutaa 12ffaa baroota dabran Qabxii darbiinsaa hin argatiin hundaaf
=======
Barattootni kanaan dura kutaa 12ffaa Qoramtanii Qabxii darbiinsaa hin argatiin irra deebiin bara kana Qormaata dhunfaan(private) Qoramuu barbaaddan Linkii armaan gadii kanaan
Ofii keessani galmaa'uu dandeessan

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Biology Worksheet for G_10 Prepared by Teacher Ferhan Muhamud

Economics Assignment for G-10 prepared by Teacher Ibsa A.

#Beeksisa ❗️✍️
Haala Qophii fi Qabiyyee Qormaata Kutaa 12ffaa fi 8ffaa Bara 2017 Irratti Ibsi Kenname .

1. Galmeen qormaata biyyoolessaa kutaa 12ffaa Muddee 6,2017 hanga sa'aatii 10:00tti ni xumurama. Kanaaf warri galmee hin xumurre dursitanii akka xumurtan isin hubachiifna .

2. Qabiyyeen qormaata bara barnootaa 2017 qormaata biyyoolessaa kutaa 12ffaa walumaa galatti kutaa 9ffaa hanga 12ffaa fi qormaata naannoo kutaa 8ffaa kutaa 7ffaa hanga 8ffaa kan hammatu ta'a.

3. Tokkoon tokkoon barattootaa kitaaba barataan daree keessatti barate barate irratti hundaa'uun qophaa'uu qaba. Qabiyyeen qormaata kanaa waan barattoonni baratan qofa irratti kan hundaa’ee kan qophaa'u ta'a.

✍️Hanna qormaataa fi gowwoomsaa waliin haa ittisnu.

➣Tajaajila Madaallii fi Qormaata Barnootaa

ማስታወቂያ!
1 - የ 1 2ኛ ክፍል ሀገር አቀፍ ፈተና ምዝገባ ጥር 6 /2017 ዓ/ም ከቀኑ 10፡00 ሰዓት ላይ የሚጠናቀቅ ይሆናል። ስለሆነም ምዝገባ ያላጠናቀቃችሁ ከቀነ ገደቡ አስቀድማችሁ እንዲታጠናቅቁ እናሳስባለን።

2- የ2017 የትምህርት ዘመን ፈተናዎች ይዘት የሀገር አቀፍ 12ኛ ክፍል ፈተና በአጠቃላይ ሁኔታ ከ 9 - 12ኛ ክፍሎች እንዲሁም የ 8 ኛ ክፍል ክልላዊ ፈተና ከ7- 8ኛ ክፍሎች የሚሸፍን ይሆናል።

3- እያንዳንዱ ተማሪ በተማረበት የክፍል ደረጀ የተማረውን የተማሪ መጽሐፍን መሠረት አድርጐ ሊዘጋጅ ይገባል። ፈተናዎቹ ተማሪዎቹ የተማሩትን መሠረት አድርገው የሚዘጋጁ ይሆናል።

የፈተና ስርቆትንና ኩረጃን በጋራ እንከላከል ።
የትምህርት ምዘናና ፈተናዎች አገልግሎት

Common English Expressions:

1. Fed up - to have had enough


2. Feel like - want to do something


3. No hard feelings - don't worry


4. Heavy duty - tough and powerful


5. Hook up - to connect


6. Join forces - to unite


7. Just what the doctor ordered - exactly what you need


8. Just about - nearly


9. Ins and outs - small details


10. In hand - under control


11. Kick around - treat badly


12. Kick the bucket - to die


13. Knock it off - stop it


14. Know-it-all - someone overconfident


15. Keep on - continue


16. In less than no time - immediately


17. Long face - looking sad


18. Means business - serious


19. Make up your mind - decide


20. Make off with - to steal


21. Make believe - to pretend


22. Mixed up - confused


23. Makes sense - seems reasonable/right


24. Make a difference - to matter


25. Nail it down - finalize it


26. Never mind - don't worry about it


27. No doubt - certainly


28. No sweat - it's easy/OK


29. Of age - old enough


30. Off the hook - out of trouble


31. Once in a blue moon - rarely


32. Out of order - does not work


33. Out of shape - unfit

Guyyaa 26/04/2017
Godina H/Bahaa A/Fadis M/B Sad.2ffaa Bokkootti Barattootni kutaa 10ffaa Yaalii Koompitaraa godhaa turanii jiru.Akasumaas kutaa 9ffaan gosa Barnootaa Herregaan Titoorii barachaa turanii jiru.

Chemistry worksheet prepared by Teacher Gashew Abebe was given below.please,try to do it.

This form is for students who did not pass the national examination in previous years as regular students and want another opportunity to take the exam. To reapply, you need to fill out this form, upload the required documents, and pay the registration fee. This process allows you to re-register and be eligible to take the national examination again. Link (https://register.eaes.et/Online

Steps of self registering private student

Chemistry Questions

This form is for students who did not pass the national examination in previous years as regular students and want another opportunity to take the exam. To reapply, you need to fill out this form, upload the required documents, and pay the registration fee. This process allows you to re-register and be eligible to take the national examination again. Link (https://register.eaes.et/Online

Simple and very important concept of chemistry

I. Matter and its Properties:

• States of Matter: Solids, liquids, gases, and plasma; their characteristics and transitions between states (melting, boiling, etc.). Introduction to phase diagrams.
• Classification of Matter: Pure substances (elements and compounds) vs. mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous). Separation techniques (filtration, distillation, chromatography).
• Physical and Chemical Properties: Distinguishing between properties that describe matter's appearance (physical) versus properties that describe how matter changes (chemical). Examples of each.
• Physical and Chemical Changes: Understanding the difference between changes that alter the appearance but not the composition (physical) and changes that alter the composition (chemical). Examples of each.
• Conservation of Mass: The law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions.


II. Atomic Structure:

• Atoms and Subatomic Particles: Protons, neutrons, and electrons; their charges and locations within the atom. Atomic number and mass number. Isotopes.
• The Periodic Table: Organization of elements based on atomic number and recurring properties. Groups (columns) and periods (rows). Trends in properties (atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity). Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
• Electron Configuration: Arrangement of electrons in energy levels and sublevels. Valence electrons and their importance in chemical bonding.


III. Chemical Bonding:

• Ionic Bonding: Transfer of electrons between atoms resulting in the formation of ions and ionic compounds. Properties of ionic compounds.
• Covalent Bonding: Sharing of electrons between atoms resulting in the formation of molecules. Properties of covalent compounds.
• Metallic Bonding: Electron sea model; properties of metals (conductivity, malleability, ductility).
• Intermolecular Forces: Forces of attraction between molecules (hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, London dispersion forces). Their influence on physical properties.


IV. Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry:

• Chemical Equations: Representing chemical reactions using symbols and formulas. Balancing chemical equations.
• Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, combustion.
• Stoichiometry: Calculations involving the amounts of reactants and products in chemical reactions (mole ratios, limiting reactants, percent yield).

👍Compound Microscope parts and functions

1️⃣Eyepiece (ocular lens) have a magnification between 5x & 30x.

2️⃣Monocular support that holds & connects the eyepieces to the objective lenses.

3️⃣Arm: Supports the microscope head and attaches it to the base

4️⃣Nosepiece: Holds the objective lenses & attaches them to the microscope head.
5️⃣Base: Bottom base of the microscope

6️⃣Objective lenses: each with different magnification levels. 4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x

7️⃣Specimen or slide: The object used to hold the specimen

8️⃣Stage adjust on most compound microscopes.

9️⃣Stage clips hold the slide in place on the mechanical stage.

1️⃣0️⃣Condenser:  condenses the light

1️⃣1️⃣Coarse and fine adjustment : Adjusts the focus of the microscope.

1️⃣2️⃣Stage Adjusts the position of the mechanical stage

1️⃣3️⃣Mirror: Reflects light into the microscope.

1️⃣4️⃣Diaphragm:used to adjust the amount of light that reaches the specimen .

Physics Questions....

Check your Physics Concept with these Quize....

1. A boy walks 2km due east in an hour, runs 6km due west in half hour, and rests for 2hours at a café and finally takes a
ride 12km to eastward for an hour. What is the boys ….
A , average speed?
B , average velocity?

2. A car changes its velocity from 20m/s to 60m/s 4sec. What is the cars
A , acceleration?
B , average velocity?

3. A particle travels with constant acceleration on a straight line the velocity of the particle at some point is 12m/s, after
4sec its velocity is 20m/s. What is the velocity at t=3sec?

4. A body covers half of its journey with a speed of 40m/s and the other half with a speed of 60m/s , what is the average
speed during the whole journey?

5. An object is thrown vertically upward, it has a speed of 30m/s when it reaches one –fourth of its maximum height. How
high does it rise?

6. A jogs at a constant speed of 4m/s for the first 15sec, and then runs at 8m/s for the next 40m along a straight road.
What is his average speed for the whole journey?

7. A ball thrown vertically upward from the ground and takes 6seconds to return back to the ground in the absence of air
resistance, how high does the ball rises?

8. A car travels along a straight line at a constant speed of 20m/s for a distance d and then another distance d in the same
direction at a constant speed of 36km/hr. What is the average speed for the entire trip?

9. A body moving with constant acceleration covers the distance between two points 60m apart in 5sec . Its velocity as
passes the second point is 15m/s. What is the acceleration?

10 .A car accelerates from rest to a certain maximum velocity at a constant rate of 4m/s² and directly comes to rest with in
4sec .What are the maximum velocity and the total distance covered by the car respectively?

11. A train travels at a speed of 20km /hr
for 2hrs, then stops for an hour at a particular station and further runs at speed
of 40km /hr for 2 hours. What will the average speed of the train be ?

12. Sola runs along a straight line a distance “d” at a speed of 3m/s and the next “3/2d” distance at a speed 4m/s. What
will the average velocity of Sola be?

13. A car accelerates from rest to a certain velocity at a constant rate of 12m/s² for 4sec,it then moves with these velocity
for 3sec and finally comes to rest uniformly in 6sec.what is the certain velocity

14. A car accelerates from rest to a certain velocity at a constant rate of 4m/s² for 2sec . It then accelerates to another
maximum velocity at a constant rate of 6m/s² for 4sec and finally decelerates at a constant within 6sec. What is
A , a certain velocity?
B , The maximum velocity?
C , The total distance covered by the car?

>Tomorrow  begins today

This form is for students who did not pass the national examination in previous years as regular students and want another opportunity to take the exam. To reapply, you need to fill out this form, upload the required documents, and pay the registration fee. This process allows you to re-register and be eligible to take the national examination again. Link (https://register.eaes.et/Online

Gaafi kana shaakala Barattootni kutaa 12ffaa

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScnmRCbTJJHqVQod8Rv32tM_GiH50fUVy4GhrUIu6YkvWRumw/viewform?usp=sf_link

Choose the word that is most nearly the same in meaning as the word in capital letters.

1. LACONIC:

(A) Verbose
(B) Concise
(C) Ambiguous
(D) Effusive


2. OBDURATE:

(A) Yielding
(B) Flexible
(C) Stubborn
(D) Timid


3. INSIPID:

(A) Flavorful
(B) Bland
(C) Spicy
(D) Savory


4. ERUDITE:

(A) Ignorant
(B) Unscholarly
(C) Knowledgeable
(D) Uneducated

Term in history

1. Civilization: A complex human society with its own culture and social organization.

2. Empire: A large political unit ruled by a single authority, often encompassing diverse territories and cultures.

3. Revolution: A fundamental and often violent change in the political or social structure of a society.

4. Democracy: A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

5. Feudalism: A social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

6. Capitalism: An economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

7. Communism: A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

8. Colonialism: The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

9. Nationalism: A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country.

10. Imperialism: A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

11. Renaissance: The revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th-16th centuries.

12. Enlightenment: A European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.

13. Industrial Revolution: The transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

14. World War I & World War II: Two global conflicts that profoundly shaped the 20th century.

15. Cold War: The geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies from 1947 to 1991

Yuniversitiin Odaa Bultum barattoota Sagantaa Fooyyeeffanna (Remedial)qabaniif Muddee 7-8tti Waamicha taasisee jira

Guyyaa 27/03/2017
Oduu Gammachiisaa!
---------------
#Barsiisotaafi_Barattoota_Hundaaf

Afaan Ingilizii Fooyyeffachuufi Dagaagfachuuf 'Portal Web' Qophaa'etti Fayyadamuun Afaan Ingilizii Barsiisotaafi Barattoota sadarkaa 1ffaan duraa (Pre-primary) hanga kutaa 12ffaa jiran hundaafuu sadarkaa kutaa (Grade Level) addaan qoqqoodamee dandeetii bu'uuraa Afaanii; Barreessuu, Dubbisuu, Dhaggeeffachuufi Dubbachuu,
akkasumas, Grammer, Vocabulary, Pronounciation, Story telling dabalatee kan dhihaatedha.

'#Portal_Web' kana meeshaan ittiin fayyadamuu dandeenyu:
- Kompitara
- Bilbila/ 'Mobile phone'
-'Smart TV'
- Tablet' irratti yoo ta'u,
boroosarii(Browser)n ittiin bannu immoo ,
- Chrome
- Edge
- Safari fi biroosariiwwan ammayyaa ta'an kamiinuu fayyadamuu ni dandeenya.

Liinkii asii gadii fayyadamuun tajaajila argadhaa.
Fuula Weebichaa (#Web Page) keessa galuun #haala_fakkeenya_kennameetiin filattanii fayyadamuun ni danda'ama.
#Hubachiisa:- 'Portal Web' kana kan qopheesse Ministeera Barnootaa Itiyoophiyaati.

https://learn-english.moe.gov.et

Maddii:Fuula Fb BBO

Basic Mathematics Formula

1. Pythagorean theorem: a² + b² = c²

2. Quadratic formula: x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / 2a

3. Distance formula: d = √((x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²)

4. Slope-intercept form of a line: y = mx + b

5. Point-slope form of a line: y - y₁ = m(x - x₁)

6. Midpoint formula: ((x₁ + x₂)/2, (y₁ + y₂)/2)

7. Law of sines: a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C

8. Law of cosines: c² = a² + b² - 2ab cos C

9. Sum of angles in a triangle: A + B + C = 180°

10. Area of a triangle: A = (1/2)bh

11. Volume of a sphere: V = (4/3)πr³

12. Volume of a cylinder: V = πr²h

13. Volume of a cone: V = (1/3)πr²h

14. Surface area of a sphere: A = 4πr²

15. Surface area of a cylinder: A = 2πr² + 2πrh

16. Surface area of a cone: A = πr² + πrs, where s is the slant height

17. Binomial theorem: (a + b)ⁿ = Σ(n choose k)a^(n-k)b^k, where Σ is the sum from k=0 to n, and (n choose k) is the binomial coefficient

18. Fundamental theorem of calculus: ∫a^b f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a), where F is the antiderivative of f

19. Derivative of a constant: d/dx(c) = 0

20. Power rule for derivatives: d/dx(xⁿ) = nx^(n-1)

21. Product rule for derivatives: d/dx(fg) = f'g + fg'

22. Quotient rule for derivatives: d/dx(f/g) = (f'g - fg')/g²

23. Chain rule for derivatives: d/dx(f(g(x))) = f'(g(x))g'(x)

24. Mean value theorem: if f is continuous on [a,b] and differentiable on (a,b), then there exists c in (a,b) such that f'(c) = (f(b) - f(a))/(b-a)

25. Intermediate value theorem: if f is continuous on [a,b], then for any y between f(a) and f(b), there exists c in [a,b] such that f(c) = y

26. Rolle's theorem: if f is continuous on [a,b] and differentiable on (a,b), and if f(a) = f(b), then there exists c in (a,b) such that f'(c) = 0

27. Integration by substitution: ∫f(g(x))g'(x) dx = ∫f(u) du, where u = g(x)

28. Integration by parts: ∫u dv = uv - ∫v du

29. L'Hopital's rule: if lim(x → a) f(x)/g(x) = 0/0 or ∞/∞, then lim(x → a) f(x)/g(x) = lim(x → a) f'(x)/g'(x)

30. Taylor series: f(x) = Σ(n=0 to ∞) f^(n)(a)/n!(x-a)^n, where f^(n) is the nth derivative of f

31. Euler's formula: e^(ix) = cos(x) + i sin(x)

32. De Moivre's theorem: (cos x + i sin x)^n = cos(nx) + i sin(nx)

33. Fundamental trigonometric identities: sin² x + cos² x = 1, 1 + tan² x = sec² x, 1 + cot² x = csc² x

34. Double angle formulas: sin 2x = 2sin x cos x, cos 2x = cos² x - sin² x, tan 2x = (2tan x)/(1 - tan² x)

35. Half angle formulas: sin(x/2) = ±√((1 - cos x)/2), cos(x/2) = ±√((1 + cos x)/2), tan(x/2) = ±√((1 - cos x)/(1 + cos x))

36. Sum-to-product formulas: sin A + sin B = 2sin((A+B)/2)cos((A-B)/2), cos A + cos B = 2cos((A+B)/2)cos((A-B)/2), sin A - sin B = 2cos((A+B)/2)sin((A-B)/2), cos A - cos B = -2sin((A+B)/2)sin((A-B)/2)

37. Product-to-sum formulas: cos A cos B = (1/2)(cos(A-B) + cos(A+B)), sin A sin B = (1/2)(cos(A-B) - cos(A+B)), sin A cos B = (1/2)(sin(A+B) + sin(A-B)), cos A sin B = (1/2)(sin(A+B) - sin(A-B))

38. Hyperbolic functions: sinh x = (e^x - e^-x)/2, cosh x = (e^x + e^-x)/2, tanh x = sinh x/cosh x

39. Inverse trigonometric functions: arcsin x, arccos x, arctan x

40. Logarithmic identities: log(xy) = log x + log y, log(x/y) = log x - log y, log x^n = n log x

41. Exponential identities: e^x+y = e^x e^y, (e^x)^n = e^(nx), e^0 = 1

42. Binomial coefficients: (n choose k) = n!/(k!(n-k)!)

❓|| SAT(Scholastic aptitude test) English part multiple choice questions and answers

I. Choose the Synonym of the given words

1.PERILOUS
A) dangerous
B) careful
C) slippery
D) favourable

Answer A

2.EQUIVOCAL
A) clear
B) equal
C) brand
D) ambiguous

Answer D

3) BENEVOLENT
A) cruel
B) selfish
C) generous
D) happy

Answer C

4. COSMIC
A) universal
B) estranged
C) ambiguous
D) authoritative

Answer A

5. AVARICIOUS
A) humble
B) greedy
C) irritable
D) intelligent

Answer B

II) Analogy

6. FOOT : SKATEBOARD
A) tire : automobile
B) lace : shoe
C) ounce : scale 
D) pedal : bicycle

Answer D

7. HAT : HEAD
A) cold : hot
B) winter : snow 
C) glove : hand
D) basic : advanced

Answer C

8. PHOBIC : FEARFUL
A) finicky : thoughtful
B) cautious : emotional
C) envious : desiring 
D) ridiculous : silly

Answer D

9. TEACHER : SCHOOL
A) actor : role
B) judge : courthouse
C) mechanic : engine
D) jockey : horse 

Answer B

10. PHARMACY : DRUGS
A) mall : store
B) doctor : medicine
C) bakery : bread
D) bell : church

Answer C

https://youtube.com/@mohamedawelabduselam?si=qJnQz8902X3MF-H1

Gaaffii fi Deebii Barattoota M/B Sad.2ffaa Bokkoo Ayyaana Farra malammaltummaa Sababeeffachuun gaggeeffame

G-12 Maths Worksheet prepared by Teacher Abrahim.M

📚History common questions for EUEE about Ethiopian Muslim and Christian wars, with answers:

1. What was the main religion practiced in the Ethiopian highlands before the arrival of Islam in the region?

A. Judaism
B. Hinduism
C. Christianity
D. Buddhism

Answer: C. Christianity

2. Which of the following groups were instrumental in spreading Islam in the Horn of Africa, including Ethiopia?

A. The Egyptians
B. The Persians
C. The Arabs
D. The Turks

Answer: C. The Arabs

3. What was the main reason for the conflict between the Ethiopian Christian empire and the Adal Sultanate in the 16th century?

A. Control of the Red Sea trade routes.
B. Differences in religious beliefs and practices.
C. Disputes over land and resources.
D. All of the above.

Answer: D. All of the above.

4. Who was the leader of the Adal Sultanate during its major conflict with the Ethiopian empire in the 16th century?

A. Ahmed Gragn
B. Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
C. Muhammad ibn Az-Zubayr
D. Ahmad ibn Abi al-Fadl al-Muqri

Answer: B. Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi

5. What was the name of the Ethiopian emperor who fought against the Adal Sultanate in the 16th century?

A. Amda Seyon I
B. Zara Yaqob
C. Gelawdewos
D. Lebna Dengel

Answer: D. Lebna Dengel

6. What was the significance of the Battle of Harer in 1543?

A. It marked the beginning of the Adal invasion of Ethiopia.
B. It was a decisive victory for the Ethiopian forces, ending the Adal invasion.
C. It resulted in the death of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi.
D. It led to the conversion of many Ethiopian Christians to Islam.

Answer: C. It resulted in the death of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi.

7. Which of the following was a consequence of the long war between the Ethiopian empire and the Adal Sultanate in the 16th century?

A. The weakening of both empires.
B. The rise of new power centers in the region.
C. The spread of Islam in Ethiopia.
D. All of the above.

Answer: D. All of the above.

8. Which European power played a significant role in supporting the Ethiopian empire during its conflict with the Adal Sultanate?

A. Portugal
B. Spain
C. England
D. France

Answer: A. Portugal

9. What was the main reason for the Ethiopian government's suppression of Somali nationalism in the Ogaden region in the 1970s?

A. Religious differences between Ethiopians and Somalis.
B. A desire to maintain control over the strategically important Ogaden region.
C. Fear of Somali secession from Ethiopia.
D. All of the above.

Answer: D. All of the above.

10. What is the name of the Ethiopian province that was at the heart of the Ethiopian-Somali conflict in the 1970s?

A. Tigray
B. Oromia
C. Amhara
D. Ogaden

Answer: D. Ogaden

11. Which of the following was a key figure in the Ethiopian resistance against the Italian occupation during World War II?

A. Emperor Haile Selassie
B. Ras Desta Demtu
C. Ras Seyoum Mengesha
D. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above.

12. The Ethiopian-Eritrean conflict in the 1990s was primarily due to:

A. Religious differences between Ethiopian Christians and Eritrean Muslims.
B. Disputes over control of the Eritrean port of Massawa.
C. Eritrean demands for independence from Ethiopia.
D. All of the above.

Answer: C. Eritrean demands for independence from Ethiopia.

13. Which of the following is an example of a peaceful resolution of a conflict between Ethiopian Muslims and Christians?

A. The establishment of the Harar Emirate
B. The defeat of the Adal Sultanate by the Ethiopian empire
C. The formation of the Oromo Liberation Front
D. The creation of the Ethiopian Islamic Affairs Supreme Council

Answer: D. The creation of the Ethiopian Islamic Affairs Supreme Council

Guutuu #Walaloo Barsiisaa kennasaa Danuun kaleessa Sagantaa Gaggeessa barattoota kutaa 12ffaa bara 2016 M/Barumsaatti Qophaa'ee Shaa Shambaa gochaa ture guddaa waan taheef asirratti maxxansuuf yaaliin gochaa turre guddina Qabiyyee irraa kan ka'e nuuf milkaa'uu hin dandeenye kanaaf Linkii armaan gadii irratti Dawwachuun ittiin buhaaraa.
https://youtube.com/@mohamedawelabduselam?si=-cFeIRPRhGrHkMlL

Common English Expressions:

1. Fed up - to have had enough


2. Feel like - want to do something


3. No hard feelings - don't worry


4. Heavy duty - tough and powerful


5. Hook up - to connect


6. Join forces - to unite


7. Just what the doctor ordered - exactly what you need


8. Just about - nearly


9. Ins and outs - small details


10. In hand - under control


11. Kick around - treat badly


12. Kick the bucket - to die


13. Knock it off - stop it


14. Know-it-all - someone overconfident


15. Keep on - continue


16. In less than no time - immediately


17. Long face - looking sad


18. Means business - serious


19. Make up your mind - decide


20. Make off with - to steal


21. Make believe - to pretend


22. Mixed up - confused


23. Makes sense - seems reasonable/right


24. Make a difference - to matter


25. Nail it down - finalize it


26. Never mind - don't worry about it


27. No doubt - certainly


28. No sweat - it's easy/OK


29. Of age - old enough


30. Off the hook - out of trouble


31. Once in a blue moon - rarely


32. Out of order - does not work


33. Out of shape - unfit

20 questions about the structure of bacteria with their functions and answer choices A-D.

1. What is the outermost layer of a bacterial cell called?
   A) Capsule
   B) Cell wall
   C) Cytoplasm
   D) Cell membrane

2. Which structure is responsible for bacterial movement?
   A) Pili
   B) Flagella
   C) Ribosomes
   D) Nucleus

3. What is the function of the cytoplasm in bacteria?
   A) Reproduction
   B) Protein synthesis
   C) DNA replication
   D) Cell structure maintenance

4. Which structure allows bacteria to exchange genetic material?
   A) Capsule
   B) Plasmids
   C) Cell wall
   D) Nucleus

5. Which structure is responsible for bacterial respiration?
   A) Vacuole
   B) Mitochondria
   C) Cell wall
   D) Mesosome

6. What is the function of the cell membrane in bacteria?
   A) Cellular transport
   B) Cell division
   C) DNA replication
   D) Protein synthesis

7. Which structure is responsible for bacterial reproduction?
   A) Plasmid
   B) Flagellum
   C) Ribosome
   D) Nucleus

8. What is the function of ribosomes in bacteria?
   A) Cellular respiration
   B) Genetic material storage
   C) Protein synthesis
   D) Cell division

9. Which structure protects bacteria from the host's immune system?
   A) Capsule
   B) Cell wall
   C) Pili
   D) Nucleus

10. What is the function of the nucleoid region in bacteria?
    A) Cell division
    B) Energy production
    C) DNA storage
    D) Protein synthesis

11. Which structure forms a protective layer around the bacterial cell?
    A) Capsule
    B) Plasmids
    C) Flagellum
    D) Nucleus

12. What is the function of the cell wall in bacteria?
    A) Cellular respiration
    B) Cell division
    C) Reproduction
    D) Protection

13. Which structure contains the genetic material in bacterial cells?
    A) Cytoplasm
    B) Pili
    C) Capsule
    D) Nucleoid region

14. What is the function of the mesosome in bacteria?
    A) Protein synthesis
    B) Energy production
    C) Reproduction
    D) Cellular transport

15. Which structure helps bacteria adhere to surfaces?
    A) Pili
    B) Flagellum
    C) Ribosome
    D) Nucleus

16. What is the function of the capsule in bacteria?
    A) Protection
    B) Cell division
    C) DNA replication
    D) Protein synthesis

17. Which structure is responsible for storing excess nutrients in bacteria?
    A) Capsule
    B) Nucleus
    C) Vacuole
    D) Flagellum

18. What is the function of the plasmids in bacteria?
    A) Cellular respiration
    B) Protection
    C) Genetic exchange
    D) DNA synthesis

19. Which structure is responsible for bacterial digestion?
    A) Vacuole
    B) Lysosome
    C) Cell wall
    D) Mesosome

20. What is the function of pili in bacteria?
    A) Cellular respiration
    B) Genetic exchange
    C) Cell division
    D) Protein synthesis

Answers will be released soon

Major branches of science and their study subjects


1. Arboriculture — Science of tree production

2. Archology - Archeology is the branch of related science

3. Orthopedics — Study of bone healing

4. Ecology - Study of mutual relations between organism and environment

5. Ethnology — Comparative study of different cultures

6. Ethnography — Study of a specific culture

7. Ethology - study of animal behavior

8. Ichthyology - Study of structure, physiology etc. of fish

9. Entomology - Scientific study of insects

10. Anthology - study of flowers

11. Agrostology — Study of grass

12. Acoustics — This is the science related to sound

13. Apiculture - study of rearing of bees

14. Epigraphy - study of epigraphic knowledge

15. Aeronautics — is the branch of aeronautical science

16. Astronomy - Study of celestial objects

17. Astrology - study of the influence of planets and constellations on humans

18. Acrobatics — is the branch of science related to exercise

19. Astronautics - This is the science related to spacecrafts

20. Ornithology – Study of birds

21. Osteology – Study of bones

22. Odontology - Study of teeth and gums

23. Orology - study of mountains

24. Optics - Study of types and properties of light

25. Olivoculture — Study of olive cultivation

26. Olericulture—Commercial agriculture of vegetables

27. Oneirology – Study of dreams

28. Cardiology - study of heart structure and blood function

29. Chemotherapy— Cancer is treated with chemical compounds.

30. Calology - Study of human beauty

31. Cosmology - Study of the universe

32. Cosmology - The birth, development and extinction of the universe is studied

33. Cryogenics - Study of properties of objects and other phenomena at low temperatures

34. Genetics — Study of the process of transfer of genetic characteristics of organisms from generation to generation

35. Gerontology — Study of old people

36. Tribology—Study of friction and lubricants

37. Numismatics - Study of old coins

38. Numerology - Study of numbers

39. Neurology — Study of nerves (nadis)

40. Neurology — Study of the nervous system

41. Piculture— Study of commercial production of fishes

42. Pedagogy — Study of the art of teaching

43. Parasitology — Study of parasitic organisms

44. Pedology — Study of soil

45. Pathology - study of causes, treatment etc. of diseases

46. Palynology — Study of different types of pollen grains

47. Paralogy - Study of sponges

48. Paleontology (Paleobiology) — Study of fossils

49. Pomology — Study of fruits

50. Phrenology – study of the activity and derangement of different parts of the brain

51. Phycology - Study of algae

52. Physiography - study of natural geography

53. Philology - Study of structure and development and history of language

54. Floriculture — Agriculture of flowers

55. Biochemistry - the branch of science related to the study of the chemical activities of the living body

56. Microbiology — Study of micro-organisms

57. Micrology - study of fungi and related subjects

58. Morphology - study of the morphology of living beings and the physical world

59. Mineralogy — Study of minerals

60. Meteorology - Study of atmosphere and related subjects

61. Mammography — is the branch of medical science that examines the breasts of women.

62. Mammology - study of mammals

63. Mariculture – production of marine organisms

64. Morphology - Study of external structure of plants

65. Molecular - Biology Study of the structure and functions of organisms at the molecular level

66. Lithology - study of topics related to rocks and stones

67. Lexicography - Compilation of vocabulary

68. Viticulture — Study of grape cultivation

69. Psychology — Study of psychology

70. Cytogenetics — Study of living cell and its genetic characteristics

Kutaa 11ffaa irraa
1.Fami Yusuf Idiris
2.Hala Gatur Hasen
3.Iman Sharif Umare
4.Imamudin Dawid Ibrahim
5.Sirkanan Mikael Ahmad
6.Sirkanan Sherif Ibro
7.Tariq Hasen Musa
8.Ziyad Ahmed Abdo

Guyyaa 22/2/2017
Beeksisaa
=====
Barattootni kutaa 10ffaa A fi 11ffaa B bara 2017
Maqaan keessan armaan gaditti Tarreeffame galmooftani hangaa guyyaa har'a M/Barumsaatti osoo hin argamin jirtu.kanaaf,gaafa guyyaa 25/2/2017 Qaamaan M/Barumsaatti argamtanii Sababa haftee hanga guyyaa har'atti gabaasa gochuu baannaan tarkaanfi manni barumsaa fudhatuuf akka hin gaabbine kabajaan isin beeksifna.

(MCQs) about genetics:

1. What is the basic unit of heredity?

   • A) Chromosome

   • B) Gene

   • C) DNA

   • D) RNA 
   Answer: B) Gene

2. Which of the following structures carries genetic information?

   • A) Ribosome

   • B) Chromosome

   • C) Endoplasmic reticulum

   • D) Golgi apparatus 
   Answer: B) Chromosome

3. What is the term for different forms of a gene?

   • A) Alleles

   • B) Genotypes

   • C) Phenotypes

   • D) Chromatids 
   Answer: A) Alleles

4. In Mendelian genetics, what is the expected phenotypic ratio for a monohybrid cross?

   • A) 1:1

   • B) 3:1

   • C) 9:3:3:1

   • D) 1:2:1 
   Answer: B) 3:1

5. What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

   • A) To replicate DNA

   • B) To transport amino acids

   • C) To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

   • D) To form the structure of ribosomes 
   Answer: C) To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

6. Which of the following is a type of mutation?

   • A) Insertion

   • B) Deletion

   • C) Substitution

   • D) All of the above 
   Answer: D) All of the above

7. What is the purpose of DNA replication?

   • A) To produce proteins

   • B) To create energy

   • C) To ensure that each new cell has a complete set of DNA

   • D) To repair damaged DNA 
   Answer: C) To ensure that each new cell has a complete set of DNA

8. What does the term "homozygous" mean?

   • A) Having two different alleles for a trait

   • B) Having two identical alleles for a trait

   • C) Having multiple alleles for a trait

   • D) Having no alleles for a trait 
   Answer: B) Having two identical alleles for a trait

9. Which of the following best describes a phenotype?

   • A) The genetic makeup of an organism

   • B) The physical appearance of an organism

   • C) The location of genes on a chromosome

   • D) The sequence of nucleotides in DNA 
   Answer: B) The physical appearance of an organism

10. What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    • A) To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

    • B) To bring amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly

    • C) To form the structure of ribosomes

    • D) To replicate DNA 
    Answer: B) To bring amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly

11. Which process results in the formation of gametes?

    • A) Mitosis

    • B) Meiosis

    • C) Binary fission

    • D) Budding 
    Answer: B) Meiosis

12. What is the expected genotypic ratio in a dihybrid cross?

    • A) 1:2:1

    • B) 3:1

    • C) 9:3:3:1

    • D) 1:1 
    Answer: C) 9:3:3:1

13. Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked trait?

    • A) Eye color

    • B) Hemophilia

    • C) Blood type

    • D) Height 
    Answer: B) Hemophilia

14. What is a karyotype?

    • A) The sequence of DNA in a gene

    • B) A visual representation of an individual's chromosomes

    • C) The total number of genes in an organism

    • D) The process of DNA replication 
    Answer: B) A visual representation of an individual's chromosomes

15. Which scientist is known as the father of modern genetics?

    • A) Charles Darwin

    • B) Gregor Mendel

    • C) James Watson

    • D) Francis Crick 
    Answer: B) Gregor Mendel

16. What type of inheritance pattern is shown when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype?

    • A) Complete dominance

    • B) Incomplete dominance

    • C) Codominance

    • D) Epistasis 
    Answer: C) Codominance

17. What is epigenetics?

    • A) The study of genetic mutations

    • B) The study of heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence

    • C) The study of evolution and natural selection

    • D) The study of RNA and its functions 
    Answer: B) The study of heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence

Gaafa guyyaa 20/2/2017
Barattootni M/Barumsaa Sad.2ffaa Bokkoo ganama 1:55 Sirna Alaabaa yommuu kabajan

English......


🛑Kind of paragraph 📖

1️⃣ Expository paragraph

The purposes of an expository paragraph are:

🎴To instructor teach readers about something, and to change or add to the knowledge or attitude of the readers
🎴To explain processes and give directions
🎴To explain a new idea or a method of doing something

2️⃣ Narrative paragraph

The purpose of a narrative paragraph are:

🎴 Telling a story
🎴 A History text about historical events
🎴 A letter you write to your friend about your journey

3️⃣ Descriptive paragraph

The purpose of this Descriptive paragraph is:

🎴 To show the reader what someone or something looks like
🎴 To create pictures in the reader's mind

4️⃣ Persuasive(argumentative) paragraph

The purpose of this study is:

🎴 For Advertisement
🎴 To convince or persuade

Most common 10 English questions with Answers :

1. Choose the correct pronoun to complete the sentence: "The team celebrated __ victory with a pizza party."

a) their
b) they're
c) there
d) its

2. Identify the sentence that contains a misplaced modifier:

a) Running through the park, the beautiful sunset caught my eye.
b) The dog, barking excitedly, wagged its tail.
c) I saw a bird with bright blue feathers flying in the sky.
d) The book, which I bought yesterday, is a mystery novel.

3. Which sentence uses the correct tense?

a) I will go to the store after I will eat dinner.
b) She has gone to the beach yesterday.
c) He is working on his project since last week.
d) They had finished their homework before the bell rang.

4. Select the sentence with the correct subject-verb agreement:

a) The group of students are studying for the test.
b) Each of the players have a chance to win.
c) The news about the earthquake were shocking.
d) One of the cats is missing.

5. Which sentence is written in the passive voice?

a) The painter created a beautiful mural.
b) The house was built by the construction crew.
c) She is reading a book in the library.
d) They will travel to Europe next year.

6. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: "The athlete ran __ the finish line."

a) passed
b) past
c) pasts
d) passed by

7. Identify the sentence that uses the correct capitalization:

a) The president of the United States visited our town.
b) The president of the united states visited our town.
c) The President of the united states visited our town.
d) The president of the United States visited our town.

8. Which sentence uses the correct comma placement?

a) I went to the store, bought some groceries, and came home.
b) I went to the store, bought some groceries and came home.
c) I went to the store bought some groceries, and came home.
d) I went to the store bought some groceries and came home.

9. Choose the sentence that contains a correctly spelled word:

a) The weather was unusally warm today.
b) I received a beautiful bouquet of flowers.
c) She was embarassed by her mistake.
d) He had a really bad cold this week.

10. Select the sentence with the correct punctuation:

a) "Where are you going?" she asked.
b) "Where are you going," she asked.
c) "Where are you going" she asked.
d) Where are you going? she asked.


Answers:

1. a) their
2. a) Running through the park, the beautiful sunset caught my eye.
3. d) They had finished their homework before the bell rang.
4. d) One of the cats is missing.
5. b) The house was built by the construction crew.
6. b) past
7. a) The president of the United States visited our town.
8. a) I went to the store, bought some groceries, and came home.
9. b) I received a beautiful bouquet of flowers.
10. a) "Where are you going?" she asked.

🧪&🧍‍♂️🧍‍♀️ Biology Check point...

1. Which process is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in cells?
   - A) Glycolysis
   - B) Photosynthesis
   - C) Cellular respiration
   - D) Fermentation
   - Answer: C)
2. Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
   - A) Mitochondria
   - B) Ribosomes
   - C) Cell wall
   - D) Nucleus
   - Answer: C) Cell wall
3. What is the primary function of the ribosome?
   - A) DNA replication
   - B) Protein synthesis
   - C) Lipid synthesis
   - D) Energy production
   - Answer: B) Protein synthesis
4. Which molecule carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
   - A) DNA
   - B) mRNA
   - C) tRNA
   - D) rRNA
   - Answer: B) mRNA
5. Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes in the center of the cell?
   - A) Prophase
   - B) Metaphase
   - C) Anaphase
   - D) Telophase
   - Answer: B) Metaphase
6. Which of the following is an example of a homozygous genotype?
   - A) Aa
   - B) BB
   - C) AB
   - D) Bb
   - Answer: B) BB
7. Which hormone regulates the levels of glucose in the blood?
   - A) Insulin
   - B) Thyroxine
   - C) Adrenaline
   - D) Estrogen
   - Answer: A) Insulin
8. Which of the following is not a component of the central nervous system?
   - A) Brain
   - B) Spinal cord
   - C) Peripheral nerves
   - D) All of the above are part of the central nervous system
   - Answer: C) Peripheral nerves
9. Which kingdom includes multicellular, photosynthetic organisms?
   - A) Fungi
   - B) Animalia
   - C) Plantae
   - D) Protista
   - Answer: C) Plantae
10. What is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms?
    - A) Organ
    - B) Cell
    - C) Tissue
    - D) Organ system
    - Answer: B) Cell
11. What is the primary function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
    - A) Absorbing water
    - B) Absorbing sunlight
    - C) Producing oxygen
    - D) Producing glucose
    - Answer: B)
12. Which of the following best describes an ecosystem?
    - A) A group of the same species living in a specific area
    - B) A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting together
    - C) The variety of life within a specific habitat
    - D) A single organism and its role in the environment
    - Answer: B)
13. What is the primary role of mitochondria in cells?
    - A) Protein synthesis
    - B) Photosynthesis
    - C) ATP production
    - D) DNA replication
    - Answer: C) ATP production
14. Which type of macromolecule are enzymes?
    - A) Carbohydrates
    - B) Lipids
    - C) Proteins
    - D) Nucleic acids
    - Answer: C) Proteins

🌸Cell wall🌸
Cell wall is a rigid structure of a plant cell that provides structural support and gives shape to the cell. It is found external to the cell membrane. Fungal cells, some Protista cells such as algae and bacterial cells also have cell walls. Animal cells have no cell wall. 

🌸Cell membrane🌸
Cell membrane is an outer covering that separates the cell’s interior 
from its surrounding environment. Cell membrane is a very thin selectively permeable structure. Cell membrane controls what enters into and leaves a cell. It controls the entry of organic molecules, ions, water, and oxygen into and out of a cell. Wastes, such as carbon dioxide also leave a cell by passing through a cell membrane.

🌸Cytoplasm🌸
Cytoplasm is a thick fluid-filled region in the cell containing cell organelles. The fluid material of the cytoplasm consists of 70 to 80 percent water with different organic (proteins, carbohydrates) and inorganic (ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium) molecules dissolved in it. It is also the site where several chemical reactions such  as protein synthesis take place.

🌸Nucleus🌸
Nucleus is the largest organelle surrounded by the double-membrane. 
Inside a nucleus, there are thread-like structures called chromosomes 
that contain a very long molecule of DNA ( Deoxyribonucleic acid). 
The nucleus determines what the cell will be, for example, a blood cell, 
a liver cell, a muscle cell or a nerve cell. The nucleus also controls cell 
division. Within a nucleus there is a darker area called the nucleolus,  this is the site where new ribosomes are made.

🌸Ribosomes🌸
Ribosomes are small cellular structures that are found in large numbers  in all cells. The function of ribosomes is to synthesize proteins. They  are found either freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Kolleejjiin Barsiisoota Ciiroo Iddoo galmee adda baasuun beeksiisee jira.
Kanaaf ijoolleen teenyaa Ulaagaa kana guuttan galmaawaa isiniin jenna.
Bara Barnootaa gaarii

* 𝗔𝗶𝗿 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲: 𝗜𝗻 𝗮 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗹-𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝘀𝗰𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗼, 𝗮𝗶𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘆 𝗮 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲, 𝗮𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗹𝘂𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿. 𝗛𝗼𝘄𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿, 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗲𝘅𝗮𝗺 𝗽𝘂𝗿𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝘀, 𝗮𝗶𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝗼𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗶𝗴𝗻𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆.

𝗘𝘅𝗮𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻

𝗔 𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲𝗯𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗮 𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗳, 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲𝗯𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗶𝘀 𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗱 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝘀𝗶𝗺𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗲𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗹𝘆. 𝗪𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲𝗯𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁? 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝘀𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘆 𝗵𝗶𝘁 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝗰𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀.

𝗜𝗻 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆:

* 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗱𝗼𝘄𝗻𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁.
* 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝘄𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗱.
* 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝘂𝗽𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘁.

𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗹𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗽𝗵𝘆𝘀𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗯𝗹𝗲𝗺𝘀.

👆👆👆👆👆👆👆
Don't forget to Share for other students

GRADE 12 STUDENTS PHYSICS

𝗬𝗼𝘂 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗼𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀, 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱:

1. 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 1: 𝗗𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗱 - 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘇𝗲𝗿𝗼 𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆.
2. 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 2: 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗗𝗼𝘄𝗻𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀 - 𝗚𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗼𝘄𝗻𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆.
3. 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 3: 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗛𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 - 𝗚𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝘁 𝘇𝗲𝗿𝗼.
4. 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 4: 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗨𝗽𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀 - 𝗚𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝘂𝗽𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆.

𝗨𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗵𝘆𝘀𝗶𝗰𝘀

* 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗼𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗶𝘀 𝗴𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆. 𝗜𝘁 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗺 𝗱𝗼𝘄𝗻𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀 𝗮𝘁 𝗮 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲 (𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘅𝗶𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗹𝘆 9.8 𝗺/𝘀²).
* 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀' 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗺𝗲𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗱𝗲𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝗼𝗻𝗹𝘆 𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗶𝘁 𝗳𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘀.
* 𝗛𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗱𝗼𝗲𝘀 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗮𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 (𝗶𝗴𝗻𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗶𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲).

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗜𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗰𝘁

𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲'𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗸𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱:

1. 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 2 (𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗗𝗼𝘄𝗻𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀): 𝗜𝘁 𝗵𝗮𝘀 𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗼𝘄𝗻𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗴𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝘁 𝗮 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗱 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗳𝗮𝗹𝗹. 𝗜𝘁 𝘄𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁.
2. 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 1 (𝗗𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗱): 𝗜𝘁 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘇𝗲𝗿𝗼 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗮𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗴𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆. 𝗜𝘁 𝘄𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 2.
3. 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 3 (𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗛𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆): 𝗜𝘁𝘀 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗱𝗼𝗲𝘀𝗻'𝘁 𝗮𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗳𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲, 𝘀𝗼 𝗶𝘁 𝘄𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝗮𝘀 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 1.
4. 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 4 (𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗨𝗽𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀): 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗼𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗱𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹 𝘂𝗽𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀 𝗮𝗴𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘀𝘁 𝗴𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝘀𝗹𝗼𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗱𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗹 𝗶𝘁 𝗺𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝘀 𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗵𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗳𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗸 𝗱𝗼𝘄𝗻. 𝗜𝘁 𝘄𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗳𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗵𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘁.

𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗨𝗻𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗘𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗘𝘅𝗮𝗺𝘀:

* 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝗴𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗳𝗮𝗹𝗹.
* 𝗘𝗾𝘂𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀: 𝗬𝗼𝘂 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗹𝘆 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿, 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝗮 𝗰𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗮𝗹 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝘂𝘀𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝘀𝘂𝗳𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁. 𝗙𝗼𝗿 𝗲𝘅𝗮𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲:
    * 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: Δ𝘆 = 𝘃₀𝘁 + ½𝗴𝘁²
    * 𝗜𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗩𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆 (𝘃₀) 𝗱𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 (𝘁) 𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗳𝗮𝗹𝗹.

📘Formula 'ECONOMICS' Barataan kutaa 12ffaa tokkoo beekuu qabu

🚩Microeconomics

1. Price Elasticity of Demand (PED):

PED = % Change in Quantity Demanded / % Change in Pric}

2. Income Elasticity of Demand (YED):

YED = % Change in Quantity Demanded / % Change in Incom}

3. Cross Elasticity of Demand (XED):

XED = % Change in Quantity Demanded of Good A / % Change in Price of Good }

4. Total Revenue (TR):

TR = Price × Quantity

5. Average Total Cost (ATC):

ATC = Total Cost / Quantity Produce}

6. Marginal Cost (MC):

MC = Δ Total Cost / Δ Quantit}

7. Marginal Revenue (MR):

MR = Δ Total Revenue / Δ Quantit}

8. Profit:

Profit = Total Revenue - Total Cost

🚩Macroeconomics

1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP):

• Expenditure Approach:

GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)

where C = Consumption, I = Investment, G = Government Spending, X = Exports, M = Imports.

2. GDP per Capita:

GDP per Capita = GDP / Populatio}

3. Inflation Rate:

Inflation Rate = CPI₍new) - CPI₍old) / CP_(old)} × 100

where CPI = Consumer Price Index.

4. Unemployment Rate:

Unemployment Rate = Number of Unemployed / Labor Forc} × 100

5. Money Multiplier:

Money Multiplier = 1 / Reserve Rati}

🚩International Economics

1. Balance of Payments:

• Current Account + Capital Account + Financial Account = 0

2. Exchange Rate:

• Nominal Exchange Rate: Price of one currency in terms of another.

🚩Other Useful Formulas

1. Compound Interest:

A = P(1 + r/n)ⁿᵗ

where A = Amount, P = Principal, r = Annual interest rate, n = Number of times interest is compounded per year, t = Number of years.

2. Present Value (PV):

PV = FV / (1 + r)ⁿ

where FV = Future Value, r = interest rate, n = number of periods.

3. Net Present Value (NPV):

NPV = ∑ₜ₌₀ⁿ Cₜ / (1 + r)ᵗ

where Cₜ = Cash flow at time t, r = discount rate, n = number of periods.

Phrasal verbs that you should know:

1. Call off = cancel --
2. Turn down = reject
3. Bring up = mention
4. Come up= arise/ produce
5. Hand over = relinquish / give a chance
6. Take over= take control /responsibility
7. Take up= require
8. Get on= continue / have a good relationship
9. Talk over = discuss / interrupt
10. Use up = exhaust / use completely
11. Look forward to = await
12. Go on = continue
13. Catch up = discuss latest news
14. Fill in = complete
15. Hand in = submit
16. Look up= find/search
17. Look into = check/ investigate
18. Figure out = understand / solve
19. Go over = review
20. Show up = arrive
21. Ring up= call
22. Go back = return to a place
23. Pick out= choose
24. chip in = help
25. Break in on = interrupt
26. Come apart = separate
27. Go ahead = start / proceed
28. Cut in = interrupt
29. Own up= confess
30. Figure out = discover
31. Get back = return
32. Get away = escape
33. Work out= exercise
34. Hang in = stay positive
35. Put down = insult
36. Pass out = faint
37. Leave out = omit/ skip
38. Show off = boast / brag
39. Peter out = finish / come to an end gradually
40. Lay off= dismiss
41. Take on = employ( someone)
42. Cross out = delete / cancel / erase
43. Sort out = solve
44. Make out = understand / hear
45. Abide by = follow ( a rule / decision / instruction)
46. Pile up = accumulate
47. Pig put = eat a lot
48. Pick up = collect
49. mix up = confuse
50. Make of = understand / have an opinion
51. Opt for = choose
52. Pass back = return
53. Patch up = fix/ make things better
54. Plump for = choose
55. Polish off = finish / consume
56. Decide upon = choose / select
57. Die down = decrease
58. Get along = leave
59. Hook up = meet ( someone)
60. Jack up= increase sharply
61. Kick about = discuss
62. Talk about = discuss
63. Kick out = expel
64. Lay on = organise/ supply
65. Link up = connect /join
66. Make after = chase
67. Make away with = steal
68. Big up = exaggerate the importance

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Find the sum of the first 5 terms of the geometric sequence: 2, 6,18, 54, ...

Options: A) 242
B) 362
C) 290
D) 310

Akkam ooltan Kabajamtoota , bu'aan leenjii ijaarsa dandeettii barsiisotaafi Hoggansa manneen brnootaa gannaa leenjii fudhachaa turanii ifatti gadhiifamuu isaa gammachuu guddaadhaan isin beeksifna.
Leenjifamtoonni bu’aa isaanii https://result.ethernet.edu.et daawwachuun tarree jiru keessaa filannoo TDP filachuudhaan bu'aa isaani ilaaluu akka danda’an beeksisaa !!

Akka barataa kutaa 12ffaa tokkootti formula Fiziiksii beeku qabdan
================

✅ Kinematics

• Displacement:

s = ut + 1 / 2at²


where s is displacement, u is initial velocity, a is acceleration, and t is time.

• Final Velocity:

v = u + at


where v is final velocity.

• Velocity-Time Relation:

v² = u² + 2as


✅Dynamics

• Newton's Second Law:

F = ma


where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.

• Weight:

W = mg


where W is weight and g is acceleration due to gravity (9.81   m/s²).

✅Work, Energy, and Power

• Work Done:

W = Fd cos(θ)


where d is displacement and θ is the angle between force and displacement.

• Kinetic Energy:

KE = 1 / 2mv²


• Potential Energy:

PE = mgh


• Power:

P = W / t = Fv


✅Momentum

• Momentum:

p = mv


• Impulse:

J = F Δ t = Δ p


✅ Circular Motion

• Centripetal Force:

F_c = mv² / r


• Centripetal Acceleration:

a_c = v² / r


✅. Gravitation

• Gravitational Force:

F = G m₁ m₂ / r²


where G is the gravitational constant.

✅ Oscillations and Waves

• Period of a Pendulum:

T = 2π√()g}


• Wave Speed:

v = fλ


where f is frequency and λ is wavelength.

✅Thermodynamics

• First Law of Thermodynamics:

Δ U = Q - W


where U is internal energy, Q is heat added to the system, and W is work done by the system.

• Ideal Gas Law:

PV = nRT


where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin.

✅Electromagnetism

• Ohm's Law:

V = IR


• Coulomb's Law:

F = kq₁ q₂ / r²


• Electric Field:

E = F / q


✅ Optics

• Lens Formula:

1 / f = 1 / dₒ + 1 / dᵢ


• Magnification:

m = -dᵢ / dₒ

Akka barataa Natural Science kutaa 12ffaa tokkotti foormulaalee Biology beekuun sirra jiraatu!

🎯 Kanneen keessaa ati kam faa qabattee jirta? Yoo duraan hin qabanne ta'e hedduu waan si fayyaduuf sirritti hubadhuu

1. Cell Biology
• Surface Area to Volume Ratio:

SA:V ratio = Surface Area / Volum}


• Mitosis and Meiosis:

  • Mitosis produces 2 diploid cells.

  • Meiosis produces 4 haploid cells.

2. Photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis Equation:

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂


3. Cellular Respiration

• Cellular Respiration Equation:

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP


• Net ATP Yield:

  • Glycolysis: 2 ATP

  • Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP

  • Electron Transport Chain: ~34 ATP

  • Total: ~36-38 ATP per glucose molecule

4. Ecology

• Population Growth Models:

 
  • Exponential Growth:

N(t) = N₀ eʳᵗ


where N(t) is the population size at time t, N₀ is the initial population size, r is the growth rate, and e is Euler's number.

5.Body Mass Index (BMI)*:


BMI = weight (kg) / (height (m)²}

Here are the rules for significant figures along with examples:

1. Non-Zero Digits

All non-zero digits are significant.

Example: 123 has three significant figures.


2. Leading Zeros

Leading zeros (zeros before the first non-zero digit) are not significant.

Example: 0.0025 has two significant figures (2 and 5).


3. Captive Zeros

Zeros between non-zero digits are significant.

Example: 1002 has four significant figures.


4. Trailing Zeros

Trailing zeros (zeros to the right of the last non-zero digit) are significant only if there is a decimal point.

Example: 1500 has two significant figures, but 1500. has four significant figures.


5. Exact Numbers

Exact numbers (counted items or defined quantities) have an infinite number of significant figures.

Example: 12 eggs (exactly 12) has infinite significant figures.


6. Addition and Subtraction

The result should have the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the least decimal places.

Example: 12.11 (two decimal places) + 0.3 (one decimal place) = 12.41, rounded to 12.4 (one decimal place).


7. Multiplication and Division

The result should have the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the least significant figures.

Example: 4.56 (three significant figures) × 1.4 (two significant figures) = 6.384, rounded to 6.4 (two significant figures.

Here’s a set of 100 multiple-choice questions based on the Ethiopian Grade 9 Physics curriculum.

Multiple Choice Questions

1-20: Basic Concepts of Physics

1. What is the SI unit of mass?

A) Gram

B) Kilogram

C) Pound

D) Newton
Answer: B) Kilogram



2. Which of the following is a vector quantity?

A) Distance

B) Speed

C) Force

D) Temperature
Answer: C) Force



3. What is the formula for calculating density?

A) Mass / Volume

B) Mass × Volume

C) Volume / Mass

D) Mass + Volume
Answer: A) Mass / Volume



4. What is the effect of inertia?

A) Change in motion

B) Resistance to change in motion

C) Acceleration

D) Deceleration
Answer: B) Resistance to change in motion



5. What is the acceleration due to gravity near the Earth's surface?

A) 9.8 m/s²

B) 10 m/s²

C) 8.5 m/s²

D) 9.0 m/s²
Answer: A) 9.8 m/s²



6. What type of energy is stored in a compressed spring?

A) Kinetic energy

B) Thermal energy

C) Potential energy

D) Chemical energy
Answer: C) Potential energy



7. Which law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?

A) Newton's first law

B) Newton's second law

C) Newton's third law

D) Law of universal gravitation
Answer: C) Newton's third law



8. What is the formula for calculating work done?

A) Force × Distance

B) Mass × Acceleration

C) Energy / Time

D) Power / Time
Answer: A) Force × Distance



9. What is the unit of power in the SI system?

A) Joule

B) Watt

C) Newton

D) Pascal
Answer: B) Watt



10. Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

A) A ball at rest

B) A moving bicycle

C) A compressed spring

D) Water at the top of a dam
Answer: B) A moving bicycle



11. What happens to the pressure of a gas if its volume decreases at constant temperature?

A) Increases

B) Decreases

C) Remains the same

D) Becomes zero
Answer: A) Increases



12. What is the primary function of a battery?

A) Convert chemical energy to electrical energy

B) Store thermal energy

C) Generate nuclear energy

D) Convert solar energy
Answer: A) Convert chemical energy to electrical energy



13. Which of the following describes a scalar quantity?

A) Velocity

B) Force

C) Speed

D) Acceleration
Answer: C) Speed



14. What is the principle of conservation of energy?

A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed

B) Energy can be created

C) Energy is always lost

D) Energy can only change forms
Answer: A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed



15. What is the formula for calculating speed?

A) Distance × Time

B) Distance / Time

C) Time / Distance

D) Mass / Volume
Answer: B) Distance / Time



16. In which state of matter are particles packed closely together?

A) Solid

B) Liquid

C) Gas

D) Plasma
Answer: A) Solid



17. What is the main source of energy for the Earth?

A) Geothermal energy

B) Nuclear energy

C) Solar energy

D) Wind energy
Answer: C) Solar energy



18. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

A) Ice melting

B) Water boiling

C) Rust forming on iron

D) Salt dissolving in water
Answer: C) Rust forming on iron



19. What type of wave is sound?

A) Electromagnetic wave

B) Mechanical wave

C) Surface wave

D) Longitudinal wave
Answer: B) Mechanical wave



20. Which instrument is used to measure temperature?

A) Barometer

B) Thermometer

C) Anemometer

D) Altimeter
Answer: B) Thermometer




21-40: Forces and Motion

21. What does the slope of a distance-time graph represent?

A) Speed

B) Acceleration

C) Velocity

D) Force
Answer: A) Speed



22. What happens to the gravitational force between two objects if the distance between them is doubled?

A) It doubles

B) It halves

C) It decreases by a factor of four

D) It remains the same
Answer: C) It decreases by a factor of four



23. What is the force required to accelerate a 5 kg object at 2 m/s²?

A) 2 N

B) 5 N

C) 10 N

D) 15 N
Answer: C) 10 N



24. Which of the following forces opposes motion between two surfaces?

A) Gravity

B) Friction

C) Tension

D) Normal force
Answer: B) Friction



25. What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

A) PE = mgh

The following physics questions are from Teacher Daniel

Akka barataa Saayinsii Hawaasaa kutaa 12ffaa tokkotti foormulaa Economics beekuu barbaaçhisu!!


👉Microeconomics

1. Price Elasticity of Demand (PED):

PED = % Change in Quantity Demanded / % Change in Pric}


2. Income Elasticity of Demand (YED):

YED = % Change in Quantity Demanded / % Change in Incom}


3. Cross Elasticity of Demand (XED):

XED = % Change in Quantity Demanded of Good A / % Change in Price of Good }


4. Total Revenue (TR):

TR = Price × Quantity


5. Average Total Cost (ATC):

ATC = Total Cost / Quantity Produce}


6. Marginal Cost (MC):

MC = Δ Total Cost / Δ Quantit}


7. Marginal Revenue (MR):

MR = Δ Total Revenue / Δ Quantit}


8. Profit:

Profit = Total Revenue - Total Cost


👉Macroeconomics

1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP):

   • Expenditure Approach:

GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)


where C = Consumption, I = Investment, G = Government Spending, X = Exports, M = Imports.

2. GDP per Capita:

GDP per Capita = GDP / Populatio}


3. Inflation Rate:

Inflation Rate = CPI₍new) - CPI₍old) / CP_(old)} × 100


where CPI = Consumer Price Index.

4. Unemployment Rate:

Unemployment Rate = Number of Unemployed / Labor Forc} × 100


5. Money Multiplier:

Money Multiplier = 1 / Reserve Rati}


👉International Economics

1. Balance of Payments:

   • Current Account + Capital Account + Financial Account = 0

2. Exchange Rate:

   • Nominal Exchange Rate: Price of one currency in terms of another.

👉Other Useful Formulas

1. Compound Interest:

A = P(1 + r/n)ⁿᵗ


where A = Amount, P = Principal, r = Annual interest rate, n = Number of times interest is compounded per year, t = Number of years.

2. Present Value (PV):

PV = FV / (1 + r)ⁿ


where FV = Future Value, r = interest rate, n = number of periods.

3. Net Present Value (NPV):

NPV = ∑ₜ₌₀ⁿ Cₜ / (1 + r)ᵗ


where Cₜ = Cash flow at time t, r = discount rate, n = number of periods.

The 5th term of a geometric sequence is 48, and the 8th term is 384. What is the common ratio of the sequence?

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6

Which of the following is a geometric sequence?

A) 3, 6, 9, 12
B) 5, 15, 45, 135
C) 2, 4, 8, 18
D) 7, 14, 21, 28

Answer: B) 5, 15, 45, 135
Explanation:
In a geometric sequence, the ratio between consecutive terms is constant.
For sequence B, the ratio is 15/5 = 3, 45/15 = 3, 135/45 = 3. Thus, it is geometric.