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PATHOLOGY HUBs

28 Jun, 09:58

301.Explanation

Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., CD 23
Mantle cell lymphoma-
• Surface immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgM & IgD)
• CD19', CD20*
• CD5 (+)ve & CD 23 (-)ve differentiating feature from CLL
• Cyclin D1

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25 Jun, 04:08

300.Explanation

Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Malaria
Types of anemia that have protective effect against P. falciparum
malaria : -
G6PD deficiency, Sickle cell anemia, Thalassemia, HbC, Pyruvate
kinase deficiency

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PATHOLOGY HUBs

10 Jun, 11:58

298.Explanation

Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Short arm of chr- 6
HLA complex (MHC) gene is located on the short arm of
chromosome 6.
The histocompatibility antigens (human leukocyte antigens - HLA)
are cell surface antigens that induce an immune response leading to
rejection of allografts.
The principal physiologic function of the cell surface
histocompatibility molecules is to bind peptide fragments of foreign
proteins for presentation to antigen specific T cells.
The histocompatibility antigens are encoded by a closely linked
multiallelic cluster of genes→Major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) or Human leukocyte antigens complex (HLA complex).
HLA complex of genes is located on the short arm of chromosome 6.

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09 Jun, 16:28

297.Explanation

Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Follicular carcinoma
Follicular carcinoma
Second most common type of thyroid cancer.
Hurthle cells are seen.
Differentiated from follicular adenoma by capsular and/or vascular
invasion.
Unlike in papillary carcinoma, lymphatic spread is rare, and vascular
invasion is common in follicular cancers.
Hurthle cell or oncocytic carcinoma is a varriant of follicular
carcinoma.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
It is the most common type of thyroid cancer.
Carcinoma cells have nuclei which contain finely dispersed
chromatin, which imparts optically clear or empty appearance, giving
rise to the ground glass or Orphan Annie eye nuclei.
Invagination of cytoplasm may give rise to the appearance of
intranuclear inclusins (Pseudoinclusions) or intranuclear grooves
→ the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma is based on these nuclear
features.
Psammoma bodies are present
Lymphatic metastasis may be seen but involvement of blood vessels
is rare.The nuclei of papillary carcinoma cells contain finely dispersed
chromatin, which imparts an optically clear or empty appearance,
giving rise to the designation ground glass or Orphan Annie eye nuclei.

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06 Jun, 15:47

296.Explanation

Correct Answer - A

Ans. A. Arch of aorta
The ascending aorta is the segment most commonly affected (50%),
followed by the arch (35%) and the descending aorta (15%)

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04 Jun, 16:32

295.Explanation

Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., IFN-'y
Activated macrophages
Recent studies show that there are two types of activated
macrophages : ?
1. Classically activated macrophages (M1)
These are activated by microbial products and cytokines like IFN-y.
These cells release lysosomal enzymes, NO, IL-1, and IL-12.
These cells are involved in microbicidal activities and pathogenic
inflammation.
2. Alternatively activated macrophages (M2).
These cells are activated by microbial products and cytokines like
IL-4, IL-5.
These cells release IL-10, TGF-I3.
These cells are involved in anti-inflamatory actions and wound
repair

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02 Jun, 15:29

294.Explanation

Correct Answer - D
Ans. is `d i.e., Eosinophilic granuloma
Clinical manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocvtosis
(Histocvtosis-X1
1.Letterer Siwe disease (multifocal, multisystem LCH)
Most frequently present before 2 years of age.
Characterized by involvement of multiple system.
Most common presentation is cutaneous lesions resembling
seborrheic dermatitis.
Others are hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy pulmonary
lesions and destructive bone lesions.
Extensive bone marrow infiltration leads to pancytopenia.
2.Eosinophilic granuloma (Unifocal and multifocal unisystem LCH)
Involvement is restricted to a single system i.e., skeletal system
which may be unifocal or multifical.
Most commonly effected bones are skull, vertebrae, ribs, clavicle,
and femur.
3.Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
Characterized by triad of claviral bone defects, diabetes insipidus,
and exophthalmos

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31 May, 16:03

293.Explanation

Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Valproate
Steatosis
Accumulation of triglyceride fat droplets within the heaptocytes is
known as steatosis or fatty liver. It may be of two types ?
1. Microvesicular steatosis → Multiple tiny droplets accumulate that do
not displace the nucleus.
2. Macrovasicular steatosis →A single large droplet accumulates that
displaces the nucleus.
Causes of steatosis
Microvesicular
Reye's syndrome
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Jamaican vomiting sickness
Drugs - valproic acid, tetracycline, nucleoside analogue
lman's disease
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency
Congenital defects of urea cycle enzymes
Early stage of alcoholic cirrhosis
Chronic viral hepatitis
Macrovesicular
Alcoholic liver disease
DM —> insulin resistanceLipodystrophy
PEM, starvation
Dysbetalipoproteinemia
TPN, Jejunoileal bypass
Inflammatory bowel disease
Syndrome x (obesity, DM, hypertriglyceridemia
Drugs —> CCBs, synthetic estrogens,nucleoside analogues

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29 May, 16:17

292.Explanation

Correct Answer - B
Ans. is `b' i.e., Diffuse carcinoma of stomach
Linitis plastica
Involvement of a broad region of the gastric wall or entire stomach
by diffuse stomach cancer cause linitis plastica.
It is also known as Brinton's disease.
The appearance of stomach is like leather bottle.
The other cause of linitis plastica are
Lye ingestion
Metastatic infiltration of stomach
Syphilis
Sarcoidosis
Non -hodgkin lymphoma of stomach

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