Perspective

Polity- Note Taking Guide

Most important themes for which notes have to made(3-4 Pager notes):

1. Separation of power(all articles must be written in your notes)

2. Issues related to Federal structure (center state and state-state issues, recent cases)

3. Dilution of power to local bodies(economic and political decentralisation, empowerment-of local bodies, women and backward classes), relevant articles

4. Representation of People’s Act(notes from Laxmikant’s Chapter)

5. 1935 Act as the basis of Constitution.

6. Role of Pressure groups in Polity(have examples of different kinds of pressure groups)

Topics of importance(2 pager notes):

1. Basic Structure Doctrine(Include Court cases etc)

2. Article 21 and expansion of its ambit over the years(in detail along with case laws)

3. Directive Principle of State Policies( Make a list of them in your notes and write down a basic commentary on their implementation through various policies)

4. Preamble(relevance, basic tenets enshrined, importance, case laws)

5. Role of Speaker(case laws)

6. Role of Governer(Case Laws)

7. Election Commission(Case laws)

8. Rajya Sabha’s role

9. Judicial pendency of cases

10. Issues of low inefficiency of Indian Parliament.

11. Administrative Tribunals.

12. Parliamentary Privileges.

13. Indian and Western Secularism

14. Indian constitutional scheme vs American(similarities and differences)

15. Indian Constitutional scheme and the British Scheme

16. Article 19 and its expansion over the years

17. Right to Equality in Indian Constitutional scheme

18. Methods of Amendment of the constitution.

19. President’s rule(case laws)


Small topics of importance( Upto 1 pages of notes)

1. NJAC Judgement and Collegium system.

2. 101st CAA

3. 102nd CAA

4. 103rd CAA

5. 104th CAA

6. 105th CAA

7. 106th CAA

8. 42nd CAA

9. 44th CAA

10. 73rd and 74th CAA

11. 86th CAA

12. 69th CAA

13. 1st CAA

14. Electoral Reforms(recommendations from Law commission, eminent people etc)

15. Model Code of Conduct

16. President(Powers, responsibilities, limitations, articles)

17. Vice President

18. Council of Ministers

19. Prime Minister, CM

20. CAG

21. Finance Commission

22. PILs

23. Original and Appellate Jurisdiction of High Court and Supreme Court

24. Reforms in Judiciary

25. Relevance and limitations of Parliamentary Committees.

26. Corruption in Politics

27. Parliamentary Privileges and reforms needed.

28. 1919 Act

29. Lok Adalats, Gram Nyayalayas.

30. NHRC

31. NCSC/ST/OBC(relevant Articles and jurisdiction.

32. NGT

33. National Commission of Women

34. Attorney General

35. Tribunals

If you are done with notes on these themes 80% of questions in Mains will be taken care of.

20% will be covered from Daily Newspaper notes.

Keep writing answers to enrich your prep. and

Let bygones be bygones. Cheers! You have reached a new milestone today yet again. Let's not overthink or try to control what is beyond our control. Just relax and chill. If you have done well, take a few days to rest and restart. If it was not up to your expectations, that's fine too. Everyone starts somewhere. The only thing that matters is that you start and never look back.

Regards
Team Perspective

Hi Perspective aspirants,

We just wanted to remind you to go through some high-yield topics:

1. Ancient History: Indus Valley Civilization, Buddhism, Jainism, Guptas, Harshavardhana, Maurya Emperors.


2. Medieval History: Mughals.


3. Modern History: Congress sessions, important movements and organizations, significant British policies, and notable viceroys.



2. Polity: Amendments, Sources, Fundamental Rights, Parliament, President, Speaker, Governor, Chief Minister, Fundamental Duties, High Court, Supreme Court.

3. Economy: Planning.

4. Geography: Focus on general knowledge, i.e., highest, longest, largest, smallest, biggest.

5. Current Affairs: People in news (PIN), indexes, important days and themes, tennis, Olympics, Oscars, National Film Awards, Golden Globes, Nobel Prizes.

6. NAGALAND: Dance, morung, festivals, Personalities

Review what confuses you the most. We are focusing on just a few subjects since time is limited, and setting priorities is essential.

Checklist ✅️ :

1. Admit card


2. Water bottle (optional)


3. Watch


4. Clipboard


5. Passport (if required)


6. Aadhar card (if required)

With this, our journey for Prelims 2024 ends. We wish you all the very best. Don’t be nervous; trust yourself. If you feel like you're forgetting everything, that's normal. We hope we've added value to your preparation—keep grinding!

Note: We will keep adding contents, keep sharing its free.

Regards,
Team Perspective

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India made its mark at the Paris 2024 Olympics, bringing home a total of six medals - one silver and five bronze. Here are the Indian winners:

- Manu Bhaker: Won India's first medal, a bronze in women's 10m air pistol, and became the first Indian woman to win an Olympic shooting medal. She also won a second bronze in the mixed 10m air pistol event with Sarabjot Singh.

- Sarabjot Singh: Partnered with Manu Bhaker to win bronze in the mixed 10m air pistol event.

- Swapnil Kusale: Won bronze in men's 50m 3 positions, marking India's first medal in the event at the Olympics.

- Indian Men's Hockey Team: Secured a bronze medal, India's 13th Olympic hockey medal and fourth bronze.

- Neeraj Chopra: Won silver in men's javelin throw, becoming the only Indian to have a gold and silver at the Olympics in an individual sport.

- Aman Sehrawat: Won bronze in men's 57kg wrestling at just 21 years old, keeping India's wrestling medal streak alive.

Polity PYQ.
Last PYQ for 2024 prelims.
Every year you will get around 15 mcqs from polity, its is also a subject where aspirants can predict questions pretty well.

Mahatma Gandhi in Modern India, undoubtedly is the most Important figure. DO REVISE.

*Early Life and Education*

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. He earned a degree in law from England in 1891 and spent time in South Africa from 1893 to 1914, developing his political philosophy based on non-violence and Satyagraha.

*Places and Movements*

1. *Champaran Satyagraha (1917)*: Gandhi's first movement in India, focused on indigo peasants' rights.
2. *Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)*: Addressed textile workers' demands.
3. *Kheda Satyagraha (1918)*: Supported peasants' revenue relief demands.
4. *Satyagraha Against the Rowlatt Act (1919)*: Protested against the oppressive law.
5. *Non-Cooperation Movement (1921-22)*: A nationwide movement against British rule.
6. *Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34)*: A mass movement that included the Salt March.
7. *Quit India Movement (1942)*: Demanded immediate independence from British rule.

*Important People in Gandhi's Journey*

1. Gopal Krishna Gokhale: Inspired Gandhi to tour India and understand its people.
2. Rajkumar Shukla: Invited Gandhi to Champaran.
3. Anusuya Sarabhai: Requested Gandhi's help in Ahmedabad Mill Strike.
4. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: Participated in Kheda Satyagraha.
5. Jawaharlal Nehru: Worked closely with Gandhi during the freedom struggle.
6. Subhas Chandra Bose: Led the Indian National Army.

*Round Table Conference*

Gandhi attended the Second Round Table Conference in 1931, but it failed to yield significant results. The conference aimed to discuss constitutional reforms and India's future.

*Important Lines*

1. "Be the change you wish to see in the world."
2. "An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind."
3. "Live as if you were to die tomorrow."
4. "My life is my message."
5. "Non-violence is not a garment to be put on and off at will."

*Other Key Events*

1. *Salt March (1930)*: Gandhi marched 240 miles from Ahmedabad to Dandi to protest the salt tax.
2. *Dandi March (1930)*: Gandhi broke the salt law by making salt from seawater.
3. *Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)*: Gandhi agreed to end civil disobedience in exchange for concessions.

Few questions will always ne from Buddhism and Jainism.

Revision notes for NPSC:

*Buddhism*

*Who Started:* Gautama Buddha (563-483 BCE)

*Types:*

1. Theravada Buddhism ( oldest school)
2. Mahayana Buddhism (largest school)
3. Vajrayana Buddhism (Tantric Buddhism)

*Conferences:*

1. First Buddhist Council (Chairman: Mahakasyapa, Place: Rajgriha)
2. Second Buddhist Council (Chairman: Sabbakami, Place: Vesali)
3. Third Buddhist Council (Chairman: Moggaliputta Tissa, Place: Pataliputra)
4. Fourth Buddhist Council (Chairman: Vasumitra, Place: Kundalban)

*Path:*

1. The Four Noble Truths
2. The Eightfold Path
3. The Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha)

*Truth:*

1. Dukkha (suffering)
2. Samudaya (origin of suffering)
3. Nirodha (cessation of suffering)
4. Magga (path to cessation)

*Principles:*

1. Ahimsa (non-violence)
2. Karma (action and consequence)
3. Reincarnation
4. Nirvana (liberation)

---

*Jainism*

*Who Started:* Mahavira (599-527 BCE)

*Types:*

1. Digambara Jainism
2. Svetambara Jainism

*Conferences:*

1. First Jain Council (Chairman: Bhadrabahu, Place: Pataliputra)
2. Second Jain Council (Chairman: Sthulabhadra, Place: Vallabhi)

*Path:*

1. The Three Jewels (Right Faith, Right Knowledge, Right Conduct)
2. Ahimsa (non-violence)
3. Anekantavada (non-absolutism)
4. Aparigraha (non-possessiveness)

*Truth:*

1. Anekantavada (multiple perspectives)
2. Syadvada (relativity of truth)
3. Nayavada (partial knowledge)

*Principles:*

1. Ahimsa (non-violence)
2. Asteya (non-stealing)
3. Brahmacharya (celibacy)
4. Aparigraha (non-possessiveness)


Some important lines related to Buddhism and Jainism:

*Buddhism:*

1. "The mind is everything; what you think, you become." - Buddha
2. "The Three Jewels: Buddha, Dharma, Sangha"
3. "The Four Noble Truths: Dukkha, Samudaya, Nirodha, Magga"
4. "The Eightfold Path: Right Understanding, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration"
5. "Karma is action and consequence; every action has an equal and opposite reaction."

*Jainism:*

1. "Ahimsa Parmo Dharma" (Non-violence is the highest dharma)
2. "The Three Jewels: Right Faith, Right Knowledge, Right Conduct"
3. "Anekantavada: multiple perspectives; Syadvada: relativity of truth"
4. "Nayavada: partial knowledge; every truth is relative"
5. "The Five Vows: Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Aparigraha"

Few questions will always be from Ancient History, MOST IMP ONE -- Indus Valley Civilization:
We have made comprehensive notes according to location.

*Harappa: Punjab, Pakistan*

- Artifacts/Items Found: Seals, Pottery, Metalwork, Jewelry, Bronze statue of a dancing girl
- Excavated By: Sir Mortimer Wheeler (1946)
- Religion: Polytheistic, worshiping multiple deities
- Architecture: Citadel, Public buildings, Advanced irrigation systems
- Economy Structure: Agriculture, Trade, Craft specialization
- Social Structure: Possibly decentralized, democratic system, Social hierarchy
- Their Gods: Mother Goddess, Bull
- Statue Found: Bronze statue of a dancing girl
- Occupation: Farmers, Craftsmen, Traders
- Prominent Features: Citadel, Advanced irrigation systems

*Mohenjo-Daro: Sindh, Pakistan*

- Artifacts/Items Found: Seals, Pottery, Metalwork, Jewelry, Great Bath
- Excavated By: Sir John Marshall (1922)
- Religion: Polytheistic, worshiping multiple deities
- Architecture: Well-planned city, Public buildings, Great Bath
- Economy Structure: Agriculture, Trade, Craft specialization
- Social Structure: Possibly decentralized, democratic system, Social hierarchy
- Their Gods: Mother Goddess, Bull, Priest
- Statue Found: Bronze statue of a priest, Mother Goddess statue
- Occupation: Farmers, Craftsmen, Traders
- Prominent Features: Great Bath, Well-planned city

*Chanhu-Daro: Sindh, Pakistan*

- Artifacts/Items Found: Seals, Pottery, Metalwork, Jewelry, Toys
- Excavated By: Ernest Mackay (1935-1936)
- Religion: Polytheistic, worshiping multiple deities
- Architecture: Public buildings, Advanced irrigation systems
- Economy Structure: Agriculture, Trade, Craft specialization
- Social Structure: Possibly decentralized, democratic system, Social hierarchy
- Their Gods: Bull
- Statue Found: Bronze statue of a bull
- Occupation: Farmers, Craftsmen, Traders
- Prominent Features: Advanced irrigation systems

*Lothal: Gujarat*

- Artifacts/Items Found: Seals, Pottery, Metalwork, Jewelry, Dockyard
- Excavated By: S.R. Rao (1954-1963)
- Religion: Polytheistic, worshiping multiple deities
- Architecture: Dockyard, Warehouse, Advanced irrigation systems
- Economy Structure: Trade, Craft specialization, Agriculture
- Social Structure: Possibly decentralized, democratic system, Social hierarchy
- Their Gods: None found
- Statue Found: None found
- Occupation: Traders, Craftsmen, Laborers
- Prominent Features: Dockyard

*Kalibangan: Rajasthan*

- Artifacts/Items Found: Seals, Pottery, Metalwork, Jewelry, Fire altars
- Excavated By: B.B. Lal (1961-1969)
- Religion: Polytheistic, worshiping multiple deities
- Architecture: Public buildings, Advanced irrigation systems, Fire altars
- Economy Structure: Agriculture, Trade, Craft specialization
- Social Structure: Possibly decentralized, democratic system, Social hierarchy
- Their Gods: Fire God
- Statue Found: Fire altars
- Occupation: Farmers, Craftsmen, Traders
- Prominent Features: Fire altars

Economics questions are always in same pattern from same topics. Solve as many questions as you can before you go for prelims, that's the only way out for people who are noobs in Economics. Don't worry for mains since economics are more application type rather than hardcore theory.
Do share perspective link and encourage us.
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