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Relevance- Reforms

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Context - Supreme Court is hearing petitions led by Ashwin Upadhyay and others, seeking a life time ban on convicted persons from contesting elections.

Arguments in favor of allowing convicted persons to contest elections:

Rehabilitation and Second Chance: Individuals who have served their time and completed their sentence have, in theory, paid their debt to society. Denying them the right to participate in the democratic process can be seen as a form of perpetual punishment, hindering their rehabilitation and reintegration into society.

Potential for Political Misuse: Laws barring convicted individuals from contesting elections can be misused by political opponents to frame individuals with false charges, preventing potentially strong candidates from participating in the democratic process. This can undermine the principles of free and fair elections.

Disproportionate Punishment: Not all convictions involve moral turpitude or crimes against society. A blanket ban on all convicted individuals could be excessive and unjust, especially in cases where the crime was minor or politically motivated.

Right to Representation: Denying convicted individuals the right to contest elections can disenfranchise their supporters and deny them representation in the political system. This can lead to feelings of alienation and marginalization, potentially fueling social unrest.

Arguments against allowing convicted persons to contest elections:

Maintaining Ethical Standards: Public representatives should uphold the highest ethical standards. Allowing convicted individuals to hold office erodes public trust in the government and undermines the integrity of the democratic process.
Fact - The high percentage of MPs with criminal cases (46% with any case, 31% with serious charges) underscores the negative impact on public trust and the integrity of the system.

Ensuring Clean Politics: Criminals in politics can misuse their power to influence investigations, intimidate witnesses, and manipulate the system to their advantage. This can weaken democratic institutions and undermine the rule of law.
Fact - higher winnability of candidates with criminal backgrounds (15.4%) compared to those with clean records (4.4%). This suggests that the current system may be inadvertently incentivizing criminal elements in politics.

Deterring Criminal Activity: Banning convicted individuals from contesting elections can act as a deterrent, discouraging individuals from engaging in criminal activity in the first place. This can contribute to a cleaner and more ethical political environment.

Protecting Society: In some cases, convicted individuals may pose a threat to society. Allowing them to hold office can give them access to power and resources that they can use to harm others.
Fact - Glorification of Crimes - Negative Role Modelling

Relevance- Government and Administration

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Relevance- Development Administration - Women and Development (GB), Administrative Reforms (Integration of GB in 12 more Ministries), Post NPM - Whole of the Government Approach

Key Highlights -

Increased Gender Budget: A significant rise to 8.8% of the total budget (₹4.49 lakh crore across 49 ministries), up from 6.8% the previous year, the highest allocation in two decades. Twelve new ministries, including non-conventional sectors like railways and food processing, have integrated gender budgets, demonstrating a whole-of-government approach.

Focus on Women's Workforce Participation: Recognizing the rising FLFPR, which reached approximately 42% in 2023-24 (from 33% in 2021-22), approaching the global average of 47%, the budget acknowledges the need for further investment to reach the 70% target by 2047. A combined increased allocation from ₹1.19 lakh crore to ₹1.24 lakh crore for schemes like Skill India, ESDP, National Skill Training Institutes, DAY-NRLM, MGNREGS, PM Employment Generation Programme, PM Vishwakarma, and Krishonnati Yojana, with ~52% of these funds directed towards women. New schemes like the Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana and the first-time entrepreneurs’ scheme will also play a role.

Formalizing Gig Workers: The proposal to formalize gig workers (90% of India’s working women are in the informal sector) through identity cards and e-Shram portal registration is a positive step.

AI and the Future of Work: The establishment of a Centre of Excellence on AI and a dedicated ₹600 crore gender budget under the India AI Mission highlights the government's focus.

Addressing Diverse Economic Roles: Recognizing that 20.5% of MSMEs are women-owned, employing about 27 million people, the budget emphasizes unlocking finance for women-owned enterprises. Simplifying documentation for schemes like Kisan Credit Cards and promoting financial literacy are crucial. Bain and Company and Google estimate that 30 million additional women-owned businesses could generate 150-170 million jobs by 2030.

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Relevance- Disaster Management

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The total outlay for urban development stands at ₹96,777 crore, higher than last year’s Budget proposal of ₹82,576.57 crore. However, if a modest inflation rate is taken into consideration, there is actually a fall in the outlay. The Revised Estimate (RE) suggests that only ₹63,669.93 crore will be spent by March, reflecting an underutilisation rate of 22.9%.

A new Urban Challenge Fund of ₹10,000 crore has been introduced in the Budget. The government has set an ambitious target of ₹1 lakh crore to implement urban redevelopment programs. However, half of this funding is expected to come from private investments — an over-optimistic approach given the sector’s negligible contribution to the Smart Cities Mission.

Relevance - Urban Development

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Relevance -Judiciary

Use - #Judgement - Lok Prahari Case

The Court outlined several “trigger points” for such appointments, although the list is not exhaustive. These include — 1) if vacancies in a High Court exceed 20% of its sanctioned strength; 2) if cases in a specific category have been pending for more than five years; 3) if more than 10% of the High Court’s cases are pending for over five years; 4) if the case disposal rate is lower than the rate at which new cases are filed (case clearance rate). The Court also recommended that each Chief Justice form a panel of retired judges, along with soon-to-retire judges, for appointments.

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Relevance- Development Administration

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Relevance- State Government and Administration

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Relevance- Financial Management

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Relevance - Regulation

Use - #Keyword - Light Touch Regulation

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