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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPLAINT AND FIR

IN: LAW NOTES

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPLAINT AND FIR


COMPLAINT

1. Complaint is defined under section 2(d) of CrPC.

2. Complaint is an allegation which is made orally or in writing to a magistrate.

3. A complaint may relate to a cognizable offence or non-cognizable offence.

4. A magistrate takes cognizance of an offence on a complaint made to him. But he can not do so in FIR.

5. Complaint does not include the report of police officer.

FIR

1. FIR is given under Section 154 of CrPC.

2. FIR is given to an officer in charge of a police station.

3. FIR is related to a cognizable offence.

4. On FIR the magistrate can take cognizance.

5. The FIR of an offence may be given by anybody including police officer.

*

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INVESTIGATION AND INQUIRY


INVESTIGATION

Section 2(h) of CrPC

1. An investigation is made by a police officer or by some person authorised by a magistrate.

2. The object of an investigation is to collect evidence for the prosecution of the case.

3. Investigation is the first stage of a criminal case.

4. Investigation is not a judicial proceeding.

INQUIRY

Section 2(g) of CrPC

1. Inquiry is made by magistrate or court. Investigation is never made by magistrate or court.

2. The object of inquiry is to determine the truth or false of certain facts with a view to take in further action.

3. Inquiry is the second stage of a case.

4. Inquiry is a judicial proceeding.

*

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRIAL AND INQUIRY

Both are judicial proceedings.


TRIAL

Inquiry is different from trial. Trial is not defined in the code. Trail was defined in the code of 1872, but it has not been defined in the subsequent code 1882, 1898 and 1973.

1. A trial is always for an offence.

2. A trial ends in acquittal or conviction of an accused.

3. Trial is the examination and determination of cause by a judicial tribunal.

4. Trial follows inquiry.

5. Trial is the third stage.

INQUIRY

1. An inquiry does not necessarily relate to only offences.
For Example-
Inquiry made in disputes relating to an immovable property with regard to possession, public nuisance or for the maintenance of wives.

2. An inquiry into a offence never ends in a conviction or acquittal.

3. Inquiry includes every inquiry other than a trial conducted by magistrate or court.

4. Inquiry precedes trial.

5. Inquiry is the second stage in a criminal case.

🟢Landmark Judgement regarding CRPC

1. *Lalita Kumari v. State of UP*
:FIR mandatory in cognizable cases

2. *Mohd. Ahmad Khan vs Shah Bano Begum*
:Section 125 of CrPC Secular

3. *D.K. Basu v. State of Bengal*
:SC guidelines relating to rights of the arrested person

4. *Nilabati Bahera v. State of Orissa*
:Compensation in case of unlawful arrest and detention

5. *Sheela Barse v. State of Maharashtra*
:Rights of women relating to arrest

6. *Joginder Kumar v. State of UP*
:SC guidelines relating to rights of the arrested person

7. *Chanmuniya v. Virendra Kumar Singh Kushwaha*
:Right of maintenance in Live-in-Relationships

8. *Shiv Shankar Singh v. State of Bihar*
:Filing of Multiple FIR

9. *Satya Pal Singh v. State of MP*
:Father of deceased victim has right to appeal

10. *State of UP v. Singhara Singh*
:Section 164 by necessary implication prohibits the magistrate from giving oral evidence of the confession made to him

11. *State of Madhya Pradesh v. Rustum*
:Computation of period of 60/90 Days u/s 167 of CrPC

12. *CBI v. Anupam J. Kulkarni*
:Police Remand can not exceed 15 Days

13. *Mubarak Ali v. State of Bombay*
:Offence triable where the act is done

14. *Shakuntala Devi v. State of U.P.*
:Availability of Civil Remedy does not bar filing of a case u/s 200 of CrPC

15. *Dina Nath v. Emperor*
:No summary trial in serious or complicated cases

16. *Surendra Singh v. State of UP*
:Where a Judge who wrote the Judgment dies before it was delivered or pronounced, another Judge can not deliver it

17. *Naresh v. State of UP*
:Alteration of Conviction u/s 302 IPC to one u/s 304 IPC by HC is not justified u/s 362 of CrPC

18. *Ashok Kumar v. UOI*
:Constitutional validity of Section 433-A of CrPC

19. *Rasiklal v. Kishore Khanchand Wadhwani*
:Right to bail u/s 436 in bailable offences is an absolute and in bcdefeasible right

20. *Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia v. State of Punjab*
:SC guidelines relating to anticipatory bail.

21. Please add Arnesh Kumar Vs. State of Bihar,2014(1)TVT 1(SC)
Arrest cannot be made in a routine manner in 498-A cases

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