Dr.Noor Alhuda/dentistry🦷

اللهم أجعل حياتنا ﴿ نُورٌ علىٰ نُورٍ ﴾

Healthy score 0
Mild score 1
Moderate score 2
Sever score 3

transillumination (fiberoptic light)

Transillumination is an excellent technique for viewing caries, fractures, narrow root canal orifices, and other clinical entities. It is used by passing an intense light through the side of the tooth and can substantially enhance the clinician's diagnostic and treatment abilities

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@no_or218

Tooth numbering/community

extraction upper 4 with granuloma

د.أوس

❗️❗️
All contraindications whether local or systemic, can be relative or absolute depending upon the general condition of the patient. When the contraindication is absolute, extraction should never be done to avoid any risk to the patients, whereas if the contraindication is relative then extreme care must be taken before any extraction is done.
 

CONTRAINDICATIONS of tooth extraction

Local absolute contraindications
Teeth involved in arterio-venous malformations


 
Systemic absolute contraindications
1-Leukemia
2-Renal failure
3-Cirrhosis of liver
4-Cardiac failure
 

CONTRAINDICATIONS of tooth extraction


Local relative contraindications
1-  Localized periapical pathology
2- Presence of oral infection like Vincent's Angina
3-  Herpetic gingivostomatitis
4-  Acute pericoronitis
5-  Malignant disease
6-  Extraction of teeth in previously irradiated jaw which may lead to osteoradionecrosis

 

Systemic  relative contraindications
1- Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
2- Cardiac disease
3- Blood Dyscrasias
4- Medically compromised patients
5- Addison's disease and patients on long term steroid therapy
6- Fever of unexplained origin
7- Nephritis
8- Pregnancy
9- During menstruation cycle
10- Psychosis

Indications of tooth extraction

1- Pulpal diseases
2- Periapical  diseases
3- Periodontal diseases with tooth mobility
4- Severe non-restorable carious lesion with root decay
5-  Cracked/broken tooth especially in the mesio-distal direction or at the cervical line
6-Teeth in the line of a jaw fracture
7-  Impacted or ectopically present teeth
8-  Retained root or roots
9-  Supernumery teeth
10-  Teeth involved with cysts or tumors of the jaw
11-  Teeth removed due to orthodontic reasons (for space gaining):
12-  Malposed or malposition teeth
13-  Teeth removed due to prosthetic considerations
14-  Teeth in the direct field for radiotherapy to the jaws may be removed prophylactically
15-  Over-retained deciduous teeth
16-  Teeth involved in the focal of infection
17-  Teeth removed due to esthetic reasons
 

The advantages of additions of vasoconstrictors to the local anesthetic solution are:
•1. Vasoconstrictors decrease blood flow (perfusion) to the site of the injection. .
•2. Decrease the risk of systemic toxicity (lower the local anesthetic plasma levels).
•3. Increase the duration of action of local anesthetics (higher volumes of the local anesthetic agent remain in and around the nerve for longer periods).
•4. Decrease bleeding at the site of injection, especially useful when increase bleeding is anticipated (e.g. during a surgical procedure).

❗️❗️Note:-
•All local anesthetics are readily cross the blood brain barrier, they also readily cross the placenta and enter the circulatory system of the developing fetus.

❗️❗️Notes:-

. local anesthetics without a hydrophilic part are not suited for injection but are good topical anesthetics (ex: benzocaine)

Classification of local anesthetics
•The local anesthetic agents can be classified in various ways
•1 – on the basis of occurrence in nature
•• Natural (e.g. cocaine)
•• Synthetic (e.g. lidocaine)
 
•2 – on the  basis of duration of action
•• Short-acting (e.g. Articaine, lidocaine)
•• Long-acting (e.g. bupivacaine)

 
•3 – on the basis of chemical structure
•• Ester (e.g. Procaine, Cocaine, Benzocaine)
•• Amide (e.g. Lidocaine, Prilocaine, Articaine)

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@sh_20032

Instruments used to remove hard and soft deposits