𝙖𝙜𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙧𝙖𝙯𝙚

Plant Physiology: Diffusion and Osmosis

1. The Basic Concepts:
- Diffusion: The spontaneous movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
- Osmosis: A special case of diffusion, where only solvent molecules (usually water) move through a selectively permeable membrane.

2. Membrane Involvement:
- Diffusion: Can occur with or without a membrane.
- Osmosis: Requires a selectively permeable membrane that allows only solvent molecules to pass through.

3. Types of Particles:
- Diffusion: Involves the movement of various types of particles, such as ions, molecules, and atoms.
- Osmosis: Primarily concerns the movement of solvent molecules (e.g., water).

4. The Driving Force:
- Diffusion: Powered by the natural tendency of particles to spread out and achieve equilibrium.
- Osmosis: Driven by differences in solute concentrations across the membrane, leading to the flow of solvent molecules to balance the concentrations.

5. Biological Significance:
- Diffusion: Plays a crucial role in processes like gas exchange, nutrient absorption, and waste removal in living organisms.
- Osmosis: Maintains cellular fluid balance, regulates turgor pressure in plant cells, and aids in the transport of essential nutrients.

🌚 Short Day Plant:

• Short day plants are also known as long night plants.

• They require a certain minimum period of darkness (long nights) in order to flower.

• Flowering is induced when the dark period exceeds a critical duration, typically around 12-14 hours.

• Examples of short day plants include rice, soybeans, etc.


🌝 Long Day Plant:

• Long day plants are also known as short night plants.

• They require a certain minimum period of daylight (short nights) in order to flower.

• Flowering is induced when the light period exceeds a critical duration, typically around 14-16 hours.

• Examples of long day plants include spinach, wheat, oats, etc.


⚪ Day Neutral Plant:

• Day neutral plants are not influenced by the duration of daylight or darkness for flowering.

• Flowering in day neutral plants is primarily controlled by other factors like age, temperature, and hormonal balance.

• These plants can flower regardless of the length of the day or night.

• Examples of day neutral plants include tomatoes, roses, and sunflowers.

🐛 Sericulture

"Univoltine," "bivoltine," and "multivoltine" are terms used to describe the reproductive cycles or generations of silkmoths and their ability to produce silk cocoons in one year.


1. Univoltine:

- Univoltine silkmoths have a single generation or reproductive cycle per year.

- After mating, the female silkmoth lays eggs, and the cycle restarts in the next year.

- Examples of univoltine silkmoths include the Oak Tassar silkmoth (Antheraea proylei) and the Muga silkmoth (Antheraea assamensis).


2. Bivoltine:

- Bivoltine silkmoths have two generations or reproductive cycles per year.

- The first generation typically occurs in the spring or early summer, while the second generation occurs in the late summer or fall.

- Examples of bivoltine silkmoths include the Tropical Tassar silkmoth (Antheraea mylitta) and the Eri silkmoth (Samia ricini).


3. Multivoltine:

- Multivoltine silkmoths have multiple generations or reproductive cycles within a year.

- They can have numerous generations, often influenced by favorable climatic conditions and the availability of food sources.

- The silkmoths continuously reproduce throughout the year, with overlapping generations.

- Examples of multivoltine silkmoths include the Silkworm (Bombyx mori), which is widely cultivated for commercial silk production.

Sericulture

✔️ The female silkworm (Bombyx mori) releases a pheromone called bombykol to attract males for mating.

✔️ Bombykol is a volatile compound that is produced and released by the female's pheromone glands.

✔️ It acts as a powerful attractant for male silkworm moths, helping them locate and mate with the female.

✔️ The detection of bombykol by male moths is a crucial step in the mating process of silkworms.

Formal, informal, and non-formal education are three different types of education that serve different purposes and cater to diverse learning needs.

1. Formal Education: 📚
Formal education refers to the structured, systematic, and official education provided by educational institutions such as schools, colleges, and universities. It follows a predetermined curriculum, has defined learning objectives, and often leads to recognized certifications or degrees. Formal education typically involves a hierarchical structure with teachers or professors delivering standardized content to students in a classroom setting. It progresses through different levels, starting from primary or elementary education, continuing through secondary education, and often extending to higher education. The learning is organized, regulated, and usually assessed through examinations or assessments.

2. Informal Education:🗣️
Informal education refers to the learning that takes place outside the structured educational system, often through daily life experiences, interactions, and self-directed activities. It is less structured and spontaneous, driven by personal interests, curiosity, and practical needs. Informal education can occur in various settings, such as at home, in communities, workplaces, or through informal social networks. Examples of informal education include learning from family members, peer interactions, hobbies, reading books for pleasure, watching educational videos, or engaging in online courses that are not part of a formal curriculum. Informal education is less focused on certification or academic achievement and more on acquiring practical skills, general knowledge, or personal growth.

3. Non-formal Education:🏄
Non-formal education refers to organized and structured learning activities that do not necessarily follow the formal education system but are intentional and purposeful. It typically takes place in specialized settings and targets specific learning needs or groups of learners. Non-formal education programs are often designed to address gaps in formal education or to provide additional skills and knowledge beyond what is covered in the formal curriculum. Examples of non-formal education include vocational training programs, adult education classes, workshops, seminars, professional development courses, or community-based learning initiatives. Non-formal education is often more flexible in terms of entry requirements, instructional methods, and assessment procedures compared to formal education, and it aims to provide practical skills, lifelong learning opportunities, and personal development.

InShort -----------------------

Formal education is the structured system provided by educational institutions.

Informal education occurs through daily life experiences and self-directed activities.

Non-formal education is organized learning outside the formal system to address specific needs or provide additional skills.

Animal Husbandry statistics

🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺

♦️" Important Questions Of HORTICULTURE "♦️

1) Kangi product is prepared from Black 🥕 Carrot 🥕

2) Sprouting in onion 🧅 and potato 🥔 is reduced by MH

3) Bean suitable for Gum extraction are Gaur / Cluster bean

4) Yellow 🟡 coloured Vegetables are rich source of Vitamin A

5) Jelly seed is the physiological disorder of Mango 🥭 (Amrapali variety

6) Ratio of chlorophyll in plant is 3:1

7) Hypoberic Storage is used Only Cut flowers flowers 🌹

8) Moisture content in dried vegetables should not more than 3%

9) Alcohol content in Cider 🍷: 3-6% 🍏🍎

10) Sugar is used for Prolonging vase life of flowers 🌺

11)  Maximum exported fruit is Mango 🥭🥭🥭

12) For canning of Pea 🫛 tendrometer reading is "120"

13) During Blanching (processing) process Vitamin C loss (10-50%)

14) Fruit & Vegetables waxing reduce Transpiration rate & increases the shelf life

15) Toddy is the fermented product of Coconut 🥥

Soil Groups Of India
#AFO #NABARD #soil_science
🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻
1. Red soils: Derived from crystalline, metamorphic rocks, which consist of granites, gneisses and schist’s, red or reddish brown, either in situ or from the decomposed rock materials washed down to lower level by rain, light textured with porous and friable structure. They have neutral to acid reaction and are deficient in N, humus, P2O5 and lime.
Cover large parts of TN, Karnataka, N-E AP, eastern part of MP to Chota Nagpur and Orissa, noticed in Up, Bihar, WB and Rajasthan.

2. Laterite soils: Formed in situ condition under conditions of high rainfall with alternating wet and dry periods, to reddish yellow, low in N, P, K, lime and magnesia. Formed due to the process of laterization in which silica is removed while Fe and Al remain behind in the upper layers.
Soils are common on the low hills in eastern AP, K, Kerala, eastern MP, Orissa, Assam and Ratnagiri district of MS.

3. Black soils:  Highly clayey, 35 to 60% even up to 80% in valleys or depressions dark colored, from deep cracks during dry seasons, characterized by swelling and low permeability, neutral to slightly alkaline, High CEC, high content of K, exchangeable Ca and Mg poor in org. matter, N, P. The clay is mainly montmorillonite type, hence soft on wetting and contract on drying. These are called as regur or black cotton soils which are divided into: Very deep (More than 90 cm depth), Deep (45 – 90 cm), moderately deep (22.5 to 45 cm), Shallow (7.5 to 22.5 cm) and very shallow (below 7.5 cm depth). Black colour is not due to org. matter but due to presence of titaniferrous magnetite compounds and/or clay complexes. Major areas of black soils are in MS, MP and parts of AP, Gujarat and TN.


4. Alluvial soils: Develop from water deposited sediments. Do not show any prominent profile development. Varies in nature and properties which depends on sediments from which they develop the percent material in the respective catchments area and the place of deposition in valleys. Mostly poor drained, grayish colour, acidic but develop into saline and alkali soils in dry regions.
Occur in all states along rivers, for example, Indo-gangetic plains, Brahmaputra valley, Coastal areas of Gujarat, Ms, K, Kerala, TN, AP, Orissa, WB and Goa.
Sub-divided into: Old, Recent, Lacustrine, Coastal and Deltaic alluviums.

5. Desert soils: Formed in arid regions, as a result of physical weathering, sandy. Both wind and water erosion is severe in such soils, well supplied with soluble salts. Low in N and org. matter has a high pH.
Soils form a major part of Rajasthan, Southern part of Haryana and Punjab, northern part of Gujarat and receive 50 cm to less than 10 cm rainfall with high evaporation.


6. Saline and alkaline soils: Soils show white crustation of salts of Ca, Mg and Na on the surface, poor drained and infertile. Occur in semi-arid areas of Bihar, UP, Punjab, Rajasthan Coastal and Deccan Canal Tract of MS.

7. Peaty and marshy soils: Soils are black, clayey, highly acidic (pH3.5) and contain 10 to 40% org. matter, poorly drained, high ground water table. Found in Kerala, Coastal tracts of Orissa, Sunder ban area of WB, SE and Coast of TN and in parts of Bihar and UP.

Glands in Honeybees

Honeybees have several specialized glands that serve various functions essential for their survival, communication, and hive maintenance. These glands are primarily located in the head, thorax, and abdomen of the bees. Here are some of the key glands found in honeybees:

#### 1. Mandibular Glands
- Location: In the head, near the mandibles.
- Function: Produce pheromones, including queen substance, which helps in maintaining the social structure of the hive by inhibiting the development of worker bee ovaries and attracting drones during mating.

#### 2. Nasonov Gland
- Location: On the dorsal side of the last abdominal segment.
- Function: Releases an orientation pheromone used by worker bees to mark the location of food sources, water, or the hive. The scent helps other bees to follow and locate these essential resources.

#### 3. Hypopharyngeal Glands
- Location: In the head, near the pharynx.
- Function: Secretes royal jelly, a protein-rich substance fed to larvae and the queen. In worker bees, the secretion of royal jelly is especially crucial for the development of the queen larva.

#### 4. Dufour's Gland
- Location: Near the sting apparatus.
- Function: Produces chemicals that may serve in marking hive entrances and helping in distinguishing hive members.

#### 5. Wax Glands
- Location: On the underside of the abdomen, on the segments 4 to 7.
- Function: Secrete wax, which is used by worker bees to construct and repair the honeycomb structure within the hive. The wax is secreted as small scales and is chewed by the bees to shape it into the comb.

#### 6. Poison Gland (Venom Gland)
- Location: Connected to the sting apparatus in the abdomen.
- Function: Produces venom, which is used for defense. The venom contains proteins that cause pain and can deter predators.

#### 7. Salivary Glands
- Location: In the head and thorax.
- Function: Produce saliva, which helps in digesting food and converting nectar into honey. The enzymes in the saliva also play a role in processing the collected pollen.

### Importance of Honeybee Glands
These glands play vital roles in the complex social structure and survival mechanisms of honeybee colonies. They aid in communication through pheromones, protect the hive, ensure the growth and development of larvae, and maintain the structural integrity of the hive through wax production. Understanding these glands and their functions can provide insights into the intricate behaviors and efficiency of honeybee colonies.

Classification of Tractors Based on Structural Design

Tractors can be broadly classified into three types based on their structural design: Wheel Tractors, Crawler Tractors and Walking Type Tractors.


1. Wheel Tractor

Description: Tractors equipped with three or four pneumatic wheels are categorized as wheel tractors.

- Features:
- Four-Wheel Tractors: Most common and popular worldwide.
- Three-Wheel Tractors: Less common, typically used in specific situations.

- Advantages:
- Versatile and can be used for various agricultural tasks.
- Suitable for road transportation as well as fieldwork.

- Uses: Commonly used for plowing, tilling, planting, and other field operations.


2. Crawler Tractor

- Description: Also known as Track Type Tractor or Chain Type Tractor, these tractors use an endless chain or track instead of pneumatic wheels.

- Features:
- Tracks provide better traction, especially on soft, muddy, or uneven surfaces.
- Lower ground pressure compared to wheel tractors, which reduces soil compaction.

- Advantages:
- Suitable for rough terrain and steep inclines.
- Better stability and weight distribution.

- Uses: Often used in construction, mining, and forestry, as well as in agriculture for heavy-duty tasks.


3. Power Tiller (Walking Type Tractor)

- Description: A walking type tractor, also known as a Power Tiller, is typically equipped with two wheels.

- Features:
- Operated by an operator walking behind the machine.
- Direction and control are manually handled by the operator.

- Advantages:
- Lightweight and compact, making it ideal for small farms and gardens.
- Cost-effective for small-scale operations.

- Uses: Ideal for tilling, weeding, and other lighter agricultural activities. Suitable for small plots and in places where larger tractors cannot operate.

Market Condition

1. Monopoly:- single seller
2. Duopoly:- two sellers
3. Oligopoly:- few sellers
4. Mononsony:- single buyer
5.Duopsony:- two buyer
6.Oligopsony:- few buyers
7.Monopolistic:- large number of buyers and sellers

📌 #ENTOMOLOGY


✅1 Major pest of Ground nut? White grub

✅2 NPV is mostly used to control? Insects Lepidopteran

✅3 Lady bird beetle is a? Predator

✅4 International Organization for Biological Control? Zuriec, Switerzerland

✅5 International Institute of Biological Control located in? West Indies, 1927

✅6 Specific pest of wheat nursery is? Ghujhia weevil

✅7 Vector of rice ‘Tungro’ is?Green Leaf Hopper

✅8 The toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis interferes with the insects? Digestive system

✅9 Nosema disease of honey bees is caused by a protozoa? Nosemail Spi.

✅10 The most effective moulting hormone in insects is?Ecdysone

✅11 The most suitable fumigant for quarantine purpose is? Methyle bromide

✅12 Tree banding is useful for control of? Mango mealy bug

✅13 An insecticide used as seed treatment for sucking pestis? Imidacloprid

✅14 The chief excretory organ in insectis? Malpighian tubules

✅15Antennae is absent in? Protura

✅16 Phorate 10 G is a insecticide? Granular

✅17 Trichomes present on leaves are associated with? Antixenosis

✅18 Name the family of red ants? Formicidae

✅19 First part of antennae is? Scape

✅20 Termites lives in? Social colony

✅21 Fumigants are? Respiratory poison join telegram agricraze

✅22 The caste of honey bee which is useful in collecting honey is? Worker

✅23 Scientific name of rock bee is? Apis dorsata

✅24 Chemically chitin is? Polysaccharide

✅25 Zinc phosphide is used against which non-insect pests? Rat

✅26 Light trap is used to attract the? Nocturnal pest

✅27 Diamond back moth is a pest of? Crucifers

✅28The male reproductive organ of the insect is present on? 9th segment

✅29 A good trap crop for Spodoptera litura is?
Castor

✅30 Father of host plant resistance is? R.H. Painte

#Some_Imp_Objectives
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

Q. The book 'Mutation Research' is written by -
1) Muller✅
2) Stadler
3) Nilsson-Enle
4) Auerbach

Q. Each anther has how many pollen sacs?
1) Four
2) Two
3) One
4) Third

Q. Rice and wheat has how many stamens?
1) 3,3✅
2) 6,3
3) 3,6
4) 6,6

Q. The chemical, which attracts opposite sex insects of a species, is known as -
1) Hormones
2) Allomones
3) Kairomones
4) Pheromones✅

Q. Damaging satge of potato tuber month is -
1) Adult
2) Pupa
3) Larva✅
4) All of these

Q. Piercing and sucking type mouth-parts are present in the insect -
1) Hemiptera✅
2) Orthoptera
3) Lepidoptera
4) Isoptera

Q. Classification of insects and rules of their nomenclature comes under the branch -
1) Morphology
2) Taxonomy✅
3) Ecology
4) Physiology

Q. Beetles belong to order--
1) Lepidoptera
2) Isoptera
3) Coleoptera✅
4) Diptera

Q. Bacteriophage virus is the--
1) Bacterial Agrimantra virus✅
2) Fungal Virus
3) Algal virus
4) Protozoal virus

Q. Micro-organism,which can grow at higher temperature, is called
1) Thermophils✅
2) Mesophils
3) Phycrophils
4) None of these

Q. Who has first time seen the micro-organism?
1) Robert Koch
2) John Tyndall
3) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
4) Louis Pasteur✅

Q. White colour of soil is due to the presence of -
1) Silica
2) Iron
3) Manganese oxide✅
4) All of these

Q. Which of the 'complex fertilizer'?
1) Ammonium sulphate nitrate
2) Single superphosphate
3) Ammonium phosphate✅
4) Calcium ammonium nitrate

Q. Drip irrigation is useful in which region?
1) Humid
2) Dry✅
3) High rainfall
4) None of these

Q. Among the following crop rotations, which is good for in creasing soil Nutrient status?
1) Rice-Wheat
2) Groundnut-Wheat✅
3) Pearlmillet-Wheat
4) Sorghum-Wheat

Q. For waterlogged rice cultivation, the fertilizer that may be avoided is -
1) Sodium nitrate
2) Urea
3) Ammonium chloride
4) None of these✅

Q. The ratio between marketable crop yield and water used in evapotranspiration is known as--
1) Field water use efficiency✅
2) Economic irrigation efficiency
3) Consumptive use efficiency
4) Water use efficiency

Q. Sulphur, containing amino acid is -
1) Valine
2) Isolucine
3) Cystine✅
4) None of these

Q. Glycolysis occurs only in the--
1) Absence of O2✅
2) Presence of O2
3) Both (A) and (B)
4) None of these

Q. Photorespiration is inhibited by -
1) 2, 4-Dinitrophenol
2) α-hydroxy sulphonates
3) CMU and DCMU✅
4) None of these

Q. Biofertilizers are -
1) Organic manures
2) Green manure
3) Culture of micro-organism✅
4) None of these

Q. 'Chanchal' is a variety of -

1) Brinjal
2) Tomato
3) Chilli✅
4) Capcicum

Q. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute is located at -
1) Karnal✅
2) Bihar
3) Dehradun
4) Jodhpur

Q. Seed plant technique is followed in -
1) Wheat
2) Bajra
3) Potato
4) Paddy✅

Q. For providing inputs like quality seeds, fertilizers and pesticides,the agency present at the Village Panchayat Samiti Level is -
1) Nationalised Banks
2) Cooperative Society
3) Insurance Companies
4) NABARD✅

Q. Where do the female mango leaf hoppers lay their eggs?

1) Inside the tissue of leaf margin
2) On the dorsal surface of leaves
3) On the ventral surface of leaves✅
4) Inside the mid-rib of leaves

Q. In H.T.S.T. pasteurization, which one of the following organisms is chosen as index organism for killing?
1) S.thermophilus✅
2) S.lactis
3) B.subtilis
4) M.tuberculosis

Q. Thermophilic micro-organism grow well at temperature--

1) 10°C - 20°C
2) 20°C - 40°C
3) 50°C - 60°C✅
4) 5°C - 7°C

Q. Pink bollworm is a pest of -
1) Gram
2) Okra
3) Mustard
4) Cotton✅

Agriculture MCQs

What is the primary purpose of crop rotation?

A) Increase soil fertility

B) Control pests and diseases

C) Maximize land use

D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Which of the following is a leguminous crop?

A) Wheat

B) Rice

C) Soybean

D) Barley

Answer: C) Soybean

What type of soil is known for its ability to hold water and nutrients well?

A) Sandy soil

B) Clay soil

C) Loamy soil

D) Silt soil

Answer: C) Loamy soil

Which nutrient is primarily responsible for promoting root development in plants?

A) Nitrogen

B) Phosphorus

C) Potassium

D) Magnesium

Answer: B) Phosphorus

The process of converting organic matter into humus is called:

A) Decomposition

B) Nitrogen fixation

C) Erosion

D) Photosynthesis

Answer Decomposition

#Soil_Science Questions

▪️Surface characteristic in which downward entry of water in soil occur-->infiltration

▪️Movement of water through column of soils -->Percolation

▪️Only source of recharge of ground water -->Percolation

▪️Mathematically hydraulic conductivity V = kf

▪️Vertical water flow rate is governed by -->Darcys Law

▪️Colloidal particles negatively charged , high surface area , high CEC(150-300 mol/kg), High water holding capacity than silica clay -->Humus

▪️Largest source of error in soil testing programme comes from-->Soil sample join telegram agricraze

▪️For soil testing in excessive wet areas-->Pot hole auger is used

▪️Extent of organic matter in soil -->chromic acid used

▪️For determining available N in soil -->Aspergillus niger test used

▪️N content is also determined easily by -->Alkaline permanganate method

▪️At wilting coefficient water is held with force of -->15 atmospheres


▪️Available water -->between field capacity (-0.3 bar) and PWP (-15bars)

▪️% of Carbon dioxide in soil air -->0.3%(higher than in atmosphere)

▪️Overall effect of submergence is -->Increase in pH ,deficiency of.  micronutrients
@agricraze

🎲 Quiz 'General agri"'
🖊 4 questions · ⏱ 30 sec

🎲 Quiz 'Plant pathology "'
🖊 4 questions · ⏱ 30 sec

🎲 Quiz 'Horticulture quiz - 1'
All the best👍👍👍👍👍
🖊 10 questions · ⏱ 30 sec

The shape of the growth curve is usually
Ans – *Sigmoid*

The forces that can change the frequency of an allele in a population are
Ans – *selection, mutagenesis, migration, inbreeding and random genetic drift*

The anticodon region is present in
Ans – *t-RNA*

In reptiles and birds, nitrogen is excreted in the form of
Ans – *Uric acid*

Which of the following techniques are used in assaying monoclonal antibodies?
Ans – *Flow cytometry*

  World Health Organisation (WHO) announced the eradication of small pox as a disease in the year
Ans – *1977*

A disease that attacks many in a community simultaneously is
Ans – *an epidemic*

The term “Microbiology” was coined by
Ans – *Louis Pasture*

Tumour causing viruses are known as
Ans – *Tungro viruses*

Agricultural Acronyms

AHRD- Agricultural Human Resource Development
AICRP- All-India Co-ordinated Research Project
ARI -Agricultural Research Institute
ARIS- Agricultural Research Information System
ARS-Agricultural Research Service
ASRB -Agricultural Scientists' Recruitment Board
ATCs -Advance Technology Centres
BARC- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
BGA -Blue Green Algae
CGIAR- Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
CSIR- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
DARE -Department of Agricultural Research and Education
EEI- Extension Education Institute
GATT -General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GDP -Gross Domestic Product
GOI -Government of India
HRD -Human Resource Development
IARCs- International Agricultural Research Centres
IARI -Indian Agricultural Research Institute
ICAR -Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICRISAT -International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics
IPM- Integrated Pest Management
IPNS- Integrated Plant Nutrient System
IPR -Intellectual Property Rights
IT -Information Technology
IVF- In-vitro Fertilization
IVLP -Institution-Village Linkage Programme
IVM -In-vitro Maturation
IVRI -Indian Veterinary Research Institute
KVK -Krishi Vigyan Kendra
MOU -Memorandum of Understanding
MPTS -Multi Purpose Tree Species
NAARM -National Academy of Agricultural Research Management
NAAS -National Academy of Agricultural Science
NARI -National Agricultural Research Institutes
NARP -National Agricultural Research Project
NARS -National Agricultural Research System
NASC -National Agricultural Science Centre
NATP -National Agricultural Technology Project
NBAGR -National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources
NBFGR -National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources
NBPGR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources
NBSS &LUP -National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land-Use
Planning
NDRI -National Dairy Research Institute
NGO -Non-Governmental Organization
NRC -National Research Centre
NSP- National Seed Project
O&M -Organization and Management
PHT Post-harvest Technology
SAARC- South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation
SAU -State Agricultural University
TAR Technology Assessment and Refinement
TFP -Total Factor Productivity
TTC Trainers' Training Centre
UGC -University Grants Commission
WTO -World Trade Organization
ZRS -Zonal Research Station

@agricraze

🎲 Quiz 'Genetics'
🖊 12 questions · ⏱ 15 sec

1) Richest source of nitrogen.?
A] Dried blood
B] Raw Bone meal
C] Fish manure
D] Dry active sludge

2) Plant bend towards light because of.?
A] They need light for respiration
B] Light attracts them
C] They need light for photosynthesis
D] Cells on shaded side elongate more

3) Approximately how much of total grape produced in India is dried for Raisins.?
A] 10 %
B] 12 %
C] 14 %
D] 16 %

4) Tangelo is a cross between .?
A] Tangerine and Pomelo
B] Tangerine and Grab fruit
C] Tangerine and Sweet orange
D] Tangerine and Mandarin

5) Most susceptible species for hemorrhagic septicemia is.?
A] Sheep
B] Goat
C] Pig
D] Buffalo

Ans - 1) A 2) D 3) C 4) A 5) D

🎲 Quiz 'Litchi'
🖊 12 questions · ⏱ 30 sec

🎲 Quiz 'Pineapple'
Skip
🖊 10 questions · ⏱ 30 sec

🎲 Quiz 'Mango'
🖊 10 questions · ⏱ 30 sec