General Agriculture with Sudhanshu sir🌲

Diseases In Fruits Due To Deficiency Of nutrients:-*

*1.Dieback in Lemon:-* Copper (Cu)

*2.Little Leaf in Lemon:-* Copper (Cu)

*3.Yellow Spot Disorder in Lemon :-* Molybdenum (Mo)

*4.Internal Necrocis in Aonla:-* Boron (Bo)

*5.Little Leaf in Mango & Brinjal:-* Zinc (Zn)

*6.Millerandge Disorder in Grapes:-* Boron (B)

*7.Water Core in Banana :-* Due to Particles of Ice & Deposition of Sorbitol

*8.Bronzing in Guava:-* Zinc (Zn)

*9.Scorching (Burning of Leaves) in Mango:-* Potassium (K) & Excess of Chloride in Water

*10.Internal Necrocis in Mangoes:-* Boron (B)

*11.Scorching in Litchi:-* Potassium (K)

*12.Black Tip in Mango:-* SO2Gas from Kiln

*13.Bunchy Disease in Peanut :-* Zinc (Zn)

*14.“Hen & Chicken” in Grapes:-* Boron (B)


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SOME IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT FRUITS:-

◆ West Bengal is the largest producer of Pineapple in India.

◆ Nagpur[Maharashtra] is the largest producer of oranges in India.

◆ Largest producer of Sapota is Maharashtra followed by Karnataka.

◆ Mango is planted at 10x10m distance while Banana at 3x3m. Both are commercially broadcasted by the following methods respectively:- Beniar Grafting, Enarching, Circus.

◆ Minimum requirement of fruits for human are 92gm.



◆ The largest exporter nations of Banana in the world are:- Equador & Costa Rica respectively.

◆ India is the largest Producer, Consumer, & Exporter of Cashew Nuts in the world. Maharashtra is the largest producer of Cashew Nuts in India followed by Kerala.

◆ In fruits, maximum Vitamin C is present in Barbados Cherry.

◆ In India, Aonla (Amla) is produced maximum in Uttar Pradesh (Pratapgarh). Honeybees help in pollination of Aonla.

◆ In fruits, Litchi, Oranges, Lokat, Peach, & Apricot has their origin place in China; Bel,, Jackfruit & Falsa in India; Papaya, Avocado & Sapota in Mexico; Guava in Peru; Banana in South-Western Asia; Aonla in Indo-China And Mango in Indo-Burma.



◆ Bel is the main source of Vitamin B2(Riboflavin).

◆ Karonda is the main source of Iron.

Fruits with Highest Area Cover in India :-

◆ Mango [37.8%]

◆ Citrus [12.9%]

◆ Banana [12.5%]


🛑Fruits with highest production in India:

◆ Banana [35.9%]

◆ Mango [22.8%]

◆ Citrus [10%]

◆ Guava [4.12%]

◆ Papaya [3.59%]

Availability Of Nutrients In Fruits :-

■ VITAMINS:-

1.Vitamin A :-Mango> Papaya> Parsimon

2.Vitamin B1(Thymin) :-*Cashew Nut> Walnut> Almond> Pineapple

3.Vitamin B2(Riboflavin) :- Bel> Papaya> Cashew Nut> Litchi

4.Vitamin C :-* Barbados Cherry> Anwla> Guava> Lemon> Sweet Orange

*CARBOHYDRATES:-* Resin> Pineapple> Dates> Banana> Bel> Jamun

*PROTIENS:-*  Cashew Nut(21.2%)> Almond(20.8%)> Walnut(15.6%)

*FAT:-* Walnut(64.5%)> Almond(58.9%)> Cashew Nut(46.9%)> Avocado(22.8%)

*■ CARBONIC ACIDS:-*

*1.Citric Acid:-* Berry> Citric Fruits> Guava> Pear

*2.Malic Acid:-* Apple> Banana> Cherry> Plum> Watermelon

*3.Tartaric Acid:-* Tamarind(Imli)> Grape

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MINERALS:-
*1.Calcium:-* Litchi> Karonda> Walnut

*2.Iron:-* Karonda> Dates> Walnut> Apple

*3.Phosphorus:-* Almonds> Cashew Nut> Walnut> Litchi

*Classification Of Fruits According To Atmosphere:-*

*Tropical Fruits:-* Mango, Banana, Papaya, Pineapple, Custard, Jackfruit, Cashew Nut, Sapota, Nuts etc.

*Sub-Tropical Fruits:-* Grapes, Fig(Anzir), Oranges, Lemon, Guava, Avocado, Litchi, Ber, Dates, Phalsa, Pomegranate, Amla, Loquat.  

*Temperate Fruits:-* Apple, Pear, Almonds, Cherry, Strawberry, Walnut, Chestnut, Hazelnut, Peeknut, Chilgoza, Khubani, Aadu, Aaloo-Bukhara

*Evergreen Fruits:-* Mango, Litchi, Lemon, Sapota, Lokat

*Autumn Fruits:-* Apple, Pear, Aadu, Aalucha, Khubani

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https://www.youtube.com/live/7wGOZvhQIpo?si=sP-dulU0YJvfQ-OW

https://www.youtube.com/live/pAY8pmRf1wc?si=YELjvCmmBFzmSA7b

https://www.youtube.com/live/UFCkdlwwV_M?si=4e-MXNJiiOiWVdvN

Open_PDF (47).pdf

https://www.youtube.com/live/YbbGSzdGNE0?si=w91YwLM87T8yKDCo

Institute related to fisheries -
📌 ICAR - Central marine fisheries research institute ( CMFRI ) kochi,Kerala -1947

📌ICAR- Central inland fisheries research institute barrackpore, west bengal -1947

📌 ICAR- Central institute of fisheries technology,kochi , kerala -1957

📌 ICAR - Central institute of fisheries education, mumbai, Maharashtra -1961

📌 National bureau of fish genetic resources, lucknow, uttar pradesh -1983

📌 ICAR-Central institute of fresh water aquaculture Bhubaneswar Odisha-1987

📌 ICAR-Central institute of brackish water aquaculture, Chennai, Tamil Nadu -1987

📌 ICAR- directorate of cold water fisheries research, Bhimtal , Uttarakhand -1987

📌 National fisheries development board ( NFDB) , Hyderabad, Telangana -2006

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Nem Raj Sunda 11th Edition 2022. .pdf

Textbook of Agronomy.pdf

https://www.instagram.com/reel/DBTq0ayybwj/?igsh=aDl2aTQzMzZza3Bp

Follow as for such an interesting video for your exams 👉👉👉👉

https://www.youtube.com/live/4hAp2Z4fizM?si=Qg7JAXXL_GjcRjxx

Dr Himanshu Pathak, Secretary (DARE) & DG (ICAR) is now new DG of ICRISAT.

He is the first Indian to be appointed as DG of ICRISAT and the second person of Indian origin (after Dr MS Swaminathan) to be appointed as DG in the entire CGIAR system.

Physical_Classification_of_Soil_water

1. Hygroscopic water.
2. Capillary water.
3. Gravitational water.

✅Hygroscopic_water

▪️ It held mostly by soil colloids.

▪️ Such water is held at hygroscopic coefficient.

▪️Tension varies from 31-10,000 Atm

▪️Mostly non liquid therefore biologically inactive.

▪️Moves mostly in vapour form.

✅Capillary_water

▪️Such water is present in capillaries of soil.

▪️ Mostly available form of water to crops.

▪️ Capillary water functions as soil solution.

▪️Concept of capillary potential is given by Buckinghum (1907).

▪️Capillary water held between field capacity (1/3 Atm ) and wilting Coefficient is (15atm) is called available water I.e. capillary water.

✅Gravitational_water

▪️ It held by a negative tension of less than 0.3 ATM

▪️Free water which drains out also called drainage water.

▪️Usually present in macro pores.

▪️Undesirable and nutrient leaching takes place.

▪️ Downward movement of water due to gravitational force.

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