አንድ የ12ኛ ክፍል ሶሻል ተማሪ ሊያውቃቸው የሚገቡ የ Economics ፎርሙላዎች
👉Microeconomics
1. Price Elasticity of Demand (PED):
2. Income Elasticity of Demand (YED):
3. Cross Elasticity of Demand (XED):
4. Total Revenue (TR):
5. Average Total Cost (ATC):
6. Marginal Cost (MC):
7. Marginal Revenue (MR):
8. Profit:
👉Macroeconomics
1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
• Expenditure Approach:
where C = Consumption, I = Investment, G = Government Spending, X = Exports, M = Imports.
2. GDP per Capita:
3. Inflation Rate:
where CPI = Consumer Price Index.
4. Unemployment Rate:
5. Money Multiplier:
👉International Economics
1. Balance of Payments:
• Current Account + Capital Account + Financial Account = 0
2. Exchange Rate:
• Nominal Exchange Rate: Price of one currency in terms of another.
👉Other Useful Formulas
1. Compound Interest:
where A = Amount, P = Principal, r = Annual interest rate, n = Number of times interest is compounded per year, t = Number of years.
2. Present Value (PV):
where FV = Future Value, r = interest rate, n = number of periods.
3. Net Present Value (NPV):
where Cₜ = Cash flow at time t, r = discount rate, n = number of periods.
👉Microeconomics
1. Price Elasticity of Demand (PED):
PED = % Change in Quantity Demanded / % Change in Pric}
2. Income Elasticity of Demand (YED):
YED = % Change in Quantity Demanded / % Change in Incom}
3. Cross Elasticity of Demand (XED):
XED = % Change in Quantity Demanded of Good A / % Change in Price of Good }
4. Total Revenue (TR):
TR = Price × Quantity
5. Average Total Cost (ATC):
ATC = Total Cost / Quantity Produce}
6. Marginal Cost (MC):
MC = Δ Total Cost / Δ Quantit}
7. Marginal Revenue (MR):
MR = Δ Total Revenue / Δ Quantit}
8. Profit:
Profit = Total Revenue - Total Cost
👉Macroeconomics
1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
• Expenditure Approach:
GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)
where C = Consumption, I = Investment, G = Government Spending, X = Exports, M = Imports.
2. GDP per Capita:
GDP per Capita = GDP / Populatio}
3. Inflation Rate:
Inflation Rate = CPI₍new) - CPI₍old) / CP_(old)} × 100
where CPI = Consumer Price Index.
4. Unemployment Rate:
Unemployment Rate = Number of Unemployed / Labor Forc} × 100
5. Money Multiplier:
Money Multiplier = 1 / Reserve Rati}
👉International Economics
1. Balance of Payments:
• Current Account + Capital Account + Financial Account = 0
2. Exchange Rate:
• Nominal Exchange Rate: Price of one currency in terms of another.
👉Other Useful Formulas
1. Compound Interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)ⁿᵗ
where A = Amount, P = Principal, r = Annual interest rate, n = Number of times interest is compounded per year, t = Number of years.
2. Present Value (PV):
PV = FV / (1 + r)ⁿ
where FV = Future Value, r = interest rate, n = number of periods.
3. Net Present Value (NPV):
NPV = ∑ₜ₌₀ⁿ Cₜ / (1 + r)ᵗ
where Cₜ = Cash flow at time t, r = discount rate, n = number of periods.
