SPHEREx Mission & Cosmic Inflation:
🛰 One of the primary aims of SPHEREx will be to measure something called cosmic inflation
🛰 It refers to a period which took place around 14 billion years ago, during which the universe expanded faster than the speed of light for a fraction of a second.
🛰 Scientists suggest that inflation explains many aspects of the universe such as its flatness, or lack of curvature, on the largest scales.
🛰 However, cosmic inflation remains poorly understood. SPHEREx can help change that.
🛰 The telescope will use spectroscopic images to measure the 3D positions of about 450 million galaxies across cosmic history.
🛰 “Astronomers will then create a picture of the cosmos not just in position but in time. This, plus a lot of statistics and mathematics, will let the SPHEREx team test different theories of inflation
🛰 SPHEREx will identify water- and life-forming molecules, also known as biogenic molecules (such as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen), in the Milky Way galaxy, where the Earth is located.
🛰 These molecules are frozen in icy particles which are located in some of the coldest parts of the galaxy.
🛰 For life to form on Earth, the biogenic molecules would have to somehow travel from these regions to the planet. However, scientists are yet to know exactly how this process happened..
#space #prelims #science
TNPSC group 1,2 ,4 prelims and mains

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A Comprehensive Guide to TNPSC Group 1, 2, and 4 Exams: Prelims and Mains
The Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission (TNPSC) plays a crucial role in recruiting candidates for various governmental positions in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Among its numerous competitive examinations, the TNPSC Group 1, Group 2, and Group 4 exams are highly sought after by aspirants looking to secure a stable job in the public service sector. Each of these groups serves distinct purposes and offers varied job roles, making them appealing to a wide range of candidates, including fresh graduates and experienced professionals. This article delves deep into the structure of these examinations, covering important aspects such as the prelims and mains formats, eligibility criteria, and effective preparation strategies to help candidates navigate their way through the rigorous selection process. Understanding the nuances of these exams is essential for aspiring public servants who wish to make their mark in Tamil Nadu's administrative framework.
What is the difference between TNPSC Group 1, Group 2, and Group 4 exams?
The TNPSC Group exams are categorized based on the nature of the jobs they offer. Group 1 mainly consists of higher administrative posts such as Deputy Collector, DSP, and District Registrar. Group 2, on the other hand, includes executive positions and lower administrative roles like Assistant Commissioner and Assistant Director. Group 4 is focused on filling ministerial, clerical, and supportive roles in various state departments.
Each group has its specific eligibility criteria and syllabus. While Group 1 is often more competitive with a higher level of difficulty, Group 2 offers opportunities in both executive and non-executive categories. Group 4 is considered an entry-level exam, attracting a larger number of candidates but still requires thorough preparation.
What is the exam pattern for TNPSC prelims and mains?
The TNPSC prelims typically consist of objective-type questions covering various subjects like General Studies, Aptitude, and Mental Ability. For Group 1 and Group 2, the prelims serve as a screening test, leading to the mains examination. The mains exam is more comprehensive, involving descriptive-type questions that assess candidates' depth of knowledge and analytical skills.
For Group 4, the exam pattern includes objective questions, and it does not have a mains stage. Instead, the selection is based entirely on the performance in the prelims. Therefore, understanding the exam pattern for each group is critical for effective preparation.
What subjects are included in the TNPSC syllabus?
The TNPSC syllabus varies slightly among the groups but generally includes subjects such as General Studies, Tamil Language, English Language, Current Affairs, and specific topics related to Indian Polity, Economy, Geography, and History. For Group 1 and Group 2, additional subjects like Sociology, Ethics, and Public Administration may also be included.
Candidates must review the official syllabus carefully to identify relevant topics and allocate their preparation time efficiently. Utilizing both standard textbooks and current affair resources will greatly enhance their chances of success.
How can candidates effectively prepare for TNPSC exams?
Effective preparation for TNPSC exams requires a structured approach. Candidates should begin by thoroughly understanding the syllabus and exam pattern for their respective group. Creating a study plan that allocates time to each subject while allowing for revisions is crucial. Regular mock tests and previous years' question papers should also be incorporated into the study schedule to familiarize candidates with the exam format and question types.
Additionally, staying updated on current affairs through newspapers, magazines, and online resources is vital. Group study sessions can also be beneficial, allowing candidates to share knowledge and insights. Finally, maintaining a positive mindset and managing stress through relaxation techniques will enhance overall performance.
What are the eligibility criteria for TNPSC Group exams?
The eligibility criteria for TNPSC Group exams generally include educational qualifications, age limits, and language proficiency. For Group 1 and Group 2, candidates usually need at least a bachelor's degree in any discipline from a recognized university. For Group 4, the minimum qualification is typically a pass in the 10th grade.
Age limits vary based on the group and the specific position, with general candidates usually needing to be between 18 to 30 years old for Group 4, while Group 1 and 2 might have higher age limits. Additional age relaxations apply to reserved categories as per government norms.
TNPSC group 1,2 ,4 prelims and mains Telegram Channel
Are you preparing for the TNPSC group 1, 2, 4 prelims and mains exams? Look no further! Join our Telegram channel, @tnpscgroup12prelimsmains, for all the latest updates, study materials, and exam tips to help you ace the exams with flying colors. Our channel is dedicated to providing valuable resources and guidance to aspirants like you who are gearing up to crack the TNPSC group 1, 2, and 4 exams. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced candidate, our channel has something for everyone. Stay informed about exam notifications, syllabus, exam pattern, previous year question papers, and more. Interact with fellow aspirants, share study materials, and stay motivated throughout your preparation journey. Don't miss out on this opportunity to boost your exam preparation and increase your chances of success. Join @tnpscgroup12prelimsmains on Telegram today and take the first step towards achieving your dream of becoming a TNPSC group 1, 2, or 4 officer!