Surgery Clinic

1.Lower Extremity Reconstruction :

is performed to repair or rebuild structures in the lower extremities, such as the legs, ankles, and feet.

2.Lower extremity reconstruction : may involve procedures such as bone grafting, tissue transfer, or the use of prosthetic devices to improve mobility, reduce pain, and correct deformities.

3.This type of surgery may be recommended for individuals who have experienced trauma, congenital defects, or other conditions that have caused damage or deformities in the lower extremities, including:

1.Lower limb salvage:

reconstructive surgery to salvage a limb’s function and appearance during or after an amputation.

2.Lower limb paralysis: the inability to move a lower limb due to a spinal cord injury, stroke, or other traumatic injury.

3.Foot drop: trouble lifting a foot or walking caused by a nerve injury or disorder, or a traumatic injury.

4.Plantar fasciitis: inflammation of a ligament that can cause pain in the heel and bottom of the foot.

5.Phantom limb pain: painful sensations in an amputated lower limb.

6.Tarsal tunnel syndrome: compression of the posterior tibial nerve, causing pain in the ankle.

7.Vascular anomalies: abnormal growth of blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) that lead to unsightly marks.

Complication of hand surgery :

1.Infection " this is the most common one "

2.Bleeding

3.Stiffness

4.Contractures

5.Complex Regional pain Syndrome

Indication for hand Surgery:

1.Hand  and Wrist injuries

2.Tendon conditions as Trigger Finger

3.Nerve Compression Disorders as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

4.Carpometacarpal bossing

5.Rheumatoid Arthritis

6.Dupuytren's Contracture

7.Congenital Defects

8.De Quervain's Tendinosis Surgery

9. Nerve and tendon repair

10. Joint replacement

Hand surgery deals with both surgical and non-surgical treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or upper extremity (commonly from the tip of the hand to the shoulder)

including injury and infection

Hand surgery may be practiced by post graduates of orthopedic surgery and plastic surgery

Anatomy : from Greek work anatomee which mean dissection ( cut open )

Anatomy :

1. Macroscopic ( gross )


Growth : dealing with structures of the living organism using unaided eyesight , Macroscopic anatomy ( gross anatomy ) include superficial or surface anatomy ( studying external body features )

2. Microscopic anatomy( Histology and embryology) :

studying the structure in microscopic scale including histology ( tissue ) and embryology  ( studying the structure in immature phase )

Division of gross anatomy :

1.surface anatomy
2.regional anatomy
3.systematic anatomy

applied ( Clinical ) anatomy :

The application of anatomical knowledge to the diagnosis and treatment of disease

surgical anatomy : The application of anatomical knowledge to surgical diagnosis and treatment

Body contouring :

removal of this excess skin and fat from numerous areas of the body , restoring the appearance of skin elasticity of the remaining skin , this surgery is prominent in those who have undergo significant weight loss resulting in excess sagging skin being present around areas of the body , the skin losses elasticity ( condition called elastosis ) once it has been stretched past capacity and is unable to recoil back to its standard position against the body and this also happens with aging

Mammoplasty ( Cosmotic( Aesthetic ) surgery to the breast ) :

1. Breast augmentation ( breast implant " Boob Job " augmentation of the breast by means of fat grafting, saline , silicone gel prosthetics , this procedure for women with micromastia " small breast "

2. Reduction mammoplasty " breast reduction " : removal of skin and glandular tissue to reduce back or Shoulder pain for women with gigantomastia or or men with gynecomastia

3. Mastopexy " breast lift " : lifting or reshaping breast to be less saggy often after weight loss or pregnancy it involves removal of the breast skin as opposed to glandular tissue

4. Augmentation mastopexy : breast lift with breast implant, here lifting the breast and repositioning the nipple to higher position plus increase the breast size with saline or silicone implants

Colorectal cancer:

70-80% of the case are sporadic
20-30% are familial ( Hereditary )

Hereditary are two :

1. Hereditary polyposis colorectal cancer and this associated with mutation in APC gene ( Adenomatous polyposis coli gene )

2. Hereditary Non polyposis colorectal cancer ( lynch syndrome ) and if the patient was female there is increase risk to develop endometrial and ovarian cancer

Sporadic case occur in older people

Familial case run in younger patients

Vascular surgeon treat :

1. Aneurysm

2. Carotid artery disease

3. Deep vein thrombosis

4. Lymphoedema

5. Peripheral artery disease : also called peripheral vascular disease

6. Venous insufficiency ( varicose vein and venous ulcer )

Vascular test :

1. Angiogram

2. Ankle-brachial test

3. Carotid duplex

4. Computed tomography angiography ( CTA )

5. Duplex ultrasound

Vascular procedures and surgeries :

1. Carotid endarterectomy

2. Dialysis access

3. Repair and treatment of aneurysms and dissection

4. Angioplasty

5. Stenting

6. Catheter Directed thrombolytic therapy

7. Vascular Bypass

Vascular surgery :

is the surgical specialty that focuses on the vascular system — blood vessels, large and small — as well as the lymphatic system, which moves infection-fighting white blood cells through the body. It’s important to note that vascular surgeons usually don’t perform brain or heart procedures ( Coronaries and intracranial vasculature )

How to be A vascular Surgeon ?

There are two options :

1. Complete 5 Years of General surgery then do 2 years of vascular surgery as fellowship

2. Integrated vascular surgery : 5 Years in vascular surgery

The difference between the two options, in option one you will be certified in both general and vascular surgery

In option 2 : you will be only certified in vascular surgery

Surgery Clinic pinned «Contents: A. History : 1.General Surgery : A. Thyroid B. Breast C. Hernia 2. Gastro-intestinal Surgery A. Dysphagia B. Upper Git bleeding and Portal Hypertension C. Obstructive Jaundice D.Gastric cancer E. Colorectal cancer F. Lower…»

Contents:

A. History :

1.General Surgery :

A. Thyroid

B. Breast

C. Hernia


2. Gastro-intestinal Surgery

A. Dysphagia

B. Upper Git bleeding and Portal Hypertension

C. Obstructive Jaundice

D.Gastric cancer

E. Colorectal cancer

F. Lower GIT Bleeding

G. Anal Pain


3. Acute Abdomen :

A. Abdominal Pain

B. Uncomplicated Peptic Ulcer

C. Perforated Peptic Ulcer

D. Acute Pancreatitis

E. Central Abdominal Pain

F. Right iliac Fossa pain


4. Vascular Surgery :

A. Varicose Vein

B. Diabetic Septic Foot

C. Limb Ischemia

5. Urology :

A. Acute Scrotum

B. Scrotal Swelling

C. Lower Urinary tract symptoms

D. Haematuria

B. Communication skills :

# General talking about communication skills

A.breaking bad news :

1.General tips for breaking bad news

2.Colorectal cancer

3.above knee amputation

B. Consent :

1.General tips for taking a consent

2.appendectomy

3.cholecystectomy

4. Hernia repair

5.Tips for taking a consent


C. Clinical Examination :

1. Inguinal hernia examination

2. Breast Examination

3. Abdominal examination :

A. Abdominal Mass

B. Abdominal Hernia

C. Acute Abdomen " Acute Cholecystitis And Acute Appendicitis "

D . Stoma and per rectal Examinatiom

4. Prostate examination

5. Scrotal examination

6. Varicose vein examination

7. Ulcer as diabetic Septic foot Examination

8. Thyroid Examination

9. Lump Examination

Rotationplasty is a surgical procedure used to treat bone tumors in children that occur near the knee. The bottom of the femur, the knee, and the upper tibia are surgically removed. The lower leg is then rotated 180 degrees (which is why it's called rotationplasty) and then attached to the femur.

Virchow's Node

Virchow's Node :enlarged left supra-clavicular Lymph node and its associated with gastric cancer

Sister Mary Joseph Nodule

Sister Mary Joseph nodule : it's palpable Malignant Nodule in the umbilical area as a result of metastatic tumor from abdomen or pelvic

Diastasis recti