Scientifically

If you've ever wondered how models like ChatGPT are built, this lecture provides a fantastic deep dive into the process! Delivered by Yann Dubois at Stanford's CS229: Machine Learning course in the summer of 2024, the lecture breaks down each step in creating a ChatGPT-like model, covering both the pretraining phase (language modeling) and post-training techniques (like SFT and RLHF). For each component, Yann goes over the essential practices for data collection, algorithms, and evaluation, giving listeners an inside look at the latest methods in the field.

About the Speaker

Yann Dubois is a fourth-year PhD student in computer science at Stanford, working under renowned advisors Percy Liang and Tatsu Hashimoto. His research focuses on enhancing AI performance, especially when resources are limited. Recently, Yann joined the Alpaca team, where he's been experimenting with more efficient ways to train and evaluate language models by leveraging other LLMs.


https://youtu.be/9vM4p9NN0Ts?feature=shared

Tokyo University of Science researchers developed a binarized neural network (BNN) using a new ternary gradient system to improve AI in edge IoT devices. This novel approach incorporates magnetic RAM and in-memory computing, reducing the need for cloud connectivity and increasing efficiency in energy-constrained devices. Their algorithm achieved high accuracy while maintaining the compactness required for IoT applications, especially for wearables and smart home tech. This design may lead to faster and more sustainable AI processing on limited-power IoT devices.

For more: https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366614778/Tokyo-University-of-Science-sets-pace-in-neural-networks-on-edge-IoT

Choosing the best AI platform can feel overwhelming, but this chart makes it easier to see where each option stands in terms of speed, responsiveness, and cost.

In the green-shaded "most attractive quadrant," you can find platforms that offer a strong balance of fast response times and high output speed. Cerebras stands out as one of the fastest options here — it’s designed for quick AI responses, which makes it ideal for things like real-time chatbots or interactive applications. However, it comes at a higher cost, as shown by its larger size on the chart.

For a more budget-friendly approach, Google Vertex and Perplexity seem like good middle-ground options. They offer decent speed and responsiveness without the steep cost, so they’re better suited for projects where a balance of performance and cost matters.

Overall, this chart shows the trade-offs between AI speed, latency, and price, helping anyone get a sense of what might work best for their needs, from high-speed applications to cost-effective solutions.

The article emphasizes the need to make teaching a more attractive profession to address the global shortage of teachers. It suggests that pay, working conditions, and the value placed on teachers by society play a crucial role in recruitment and retention. Quick fixes like bursaries and performance bonuses are ineffective. Instead, the focus should shift to raising the status of teaching, increasing resources, and improving student behavior to attract more graduates to the field. Countries like Finland and Singapore, where teachers are more respected, face fewer shortages.

For more, you can read here:
https://www.scimex.org/newsfeed/how-do-we-get-more-teachers-in-schools

At first glance, this diagram looks like a roadmap to the entire universe of numbers, a beautifully layered structure that reveals how different number sets relate to one another. It’s like peeling back the layers of mathematics, starting from the most basic building blocks and working your way up to the more complex, abstract concepts that shape higher-level math.

At the base of this number hierarchy, we see natural numbers (N) — the counting numbers that we first encounter in childhood, like 1, 2, and 3. As you move outward, you see the familiar integers (Z), which expand the natural numbers by including negatives, like -1, -2, -3. Then come the rational numbers (Q), which fill in the gaps with fractions, such as ½ and -2/3.

But mathematics doesn't stop at the rationals. There are irrational numbers, like √2, that can’t be expressed as simple fractions but still fall within the realm of real numbers (R) — numbers we can locate on the number line. The transcendental numbers, like π and e, push things even further, representing numbers that transcend algebraic equations.

Then we get into more intriguing territory: imaginary numbers, which involve i, the square root of -1. Suddenly, we’re in the world of complex numbers (C), where numbers combine both real and imaginary components, like 1 + i or πi. This is where algebra, geometry, and complex analysis come together.

This diagram isn't just a classification system—it's a snapshot of mathematical elegance. Each category builds on the previous one, showing how mathematics flows from the simplest natural numbers all the way to the intricate, mind-bending realm of complex numbers. It's a reminder that math is both deeply structured and infinitely expansive, a system with layers to uncover and explore.

Nearly 15 years ago, a small JetBrains engineering team took on an ambitious challenge: creating a new programming language to stand alongside industry giants. At the time, Java dominated the tech landscape, powering millions of projects but showing signs of stagnation, with few significant updates and a lack of modern features. Engineers everywhere were eager for fresh solutions.

Various developers tried to reshape the JVM ecosystem with new languages, sensing a fleeting opportunity to build something transformative. Kotlin was born out of this drive for change. But what factors fueled Kotlin’s rise, and what challenges did its creators face to secure its place in the tech world? This documentary tells the story straight from the innovators themselves.

https://youtu.be/E8CtE7qTb-Q?feature=shared

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03129-3

https://www.cnbc.com/2024/08/06/openai-co-founder-john-schulman-says-he-will-join-rival-anthropic.html

https://youtu.be/9iqn1HhFJ6c

I also want to share a visualization of the planned catch of the booster by Mechazilla (yes, that's what the tower is called).

As you watch the video, keep in mind that the silver stainless steel tank stands at 71 meters tall (equivalent to a 24-story building) and weighs around 200 tons without fuel. The booster needs to gently and precisely fly into the arms of Mechazilla, after descending from a height of over 100 KM.

🌟 The Importance of Being a Scientist 🌟

Hello, Science Enthusiasts!

In a world full of mysteries and unknowns, scientists stand at the forefront, seeking to unravel the complexities of our universe. The journey of a scientist is not an easy one, but it is incredibly rewarding and crucial for our progress as a society.

🔬 Why Being a Scientist Matters:
1. Driving Innovation: Scientists push the boundaries of knowledge, leading to groundbreaking discoveries and technological advancements that improve our daily lives.
2. Solving Global Challenges: From climate change to medical breakthroughs, scientists are at the heart of solving the world's most pressing issues.
3. Inspiring the Future: By pursuing science, you inspire future generations to ask questions, seek answers, and continue the legacy of exploration and discovery.

💪 Don't Give Up:
- Challenges Are Stepping Stones: Every experiment that doesn't go as planned is a learning opportunity. Failures are part of the journey to success.
- Persistence Pays Off: Many of the greatest scientific achievements came after years of perseverance. Keep pushing forward, and your hard work will pay off.
- Community Support: Remember, you're not alone. The scientific community is vast and supportive. Reach out, collaborate, and lean on each other.

Your work as a scientist is vital. Every question you ask and every answer you find brings us closer to a better understanding of our world. Stay curious, stay determined, and never give up on your scientific dreams!

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https://www.science.org/content/article/faulty-communication-organs-make-us-old

Using AI can vary greatly depending on what you want to achieve. Here are some general steps to get started:

Define your problem: Identify the specific task or problem you want to solve using AI, such as image recognition, natural language processing, or recommendation systems.

Gather data: Collect relevant data that will be used to train the AI model. The quality and quantity of data can significantly impact the performance of your AI system.

Choose an AI approach: Select the appropriate AI techniques or algorithms based on your problem and data. This could involve supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, or a combination of these approaches.

Preprocess data: Clean and preprocess your data to remove noise, handle missing values, and standardize formats. This step is crucial for ensuring the effectiveness of your AI model.

Train your AI model: Use your preprocessed data to train your AI model. This typically involves feeding the data into the chosen algorithm and adjusting its parameters to minimize errors or maximize performance.

Evaluate and fine-tune: Assess the performance of your trained model using validation data or techniques like cross-validation. Fine-tune your model by adjusting hyperparameters or tweaking the algorithm to improve its accuracy and efficiency.

Deploy your AI model: Once you're satisfied with the performance of your AI model, deploy it in your desired application or system. This could involve integrating it into existing software or infrastructure.

Monitor and maintain: Continuously monitor the performance of your deployed AI model and make updates or improvements as needed. AI systems may need to be retrained periodically to adapt to changing data or requirements.

Remember, using AI effectively often requires a combination of domain knowledge, technical skills, and iterative experimentation. Start with a small, well-defined project, and gradually expand your capabilities as you gain experience.

How to learn programming?


Learning programming can be an exciting and rewarding journey. Here are some steps you can follow to get started:

Choose a programming language: There are many programming languages to choose from, such as Python, Java, JavaScript, C++, and more. Consider your goals and the type of applications you want to build when selecting a language.

Set up your development environment: Install the necessary tools and software for programming in your chosen language. This typically includes a code editor or integrated development environment (IDE) and a compiler or interpreter.

Learn the basics of programming: Start with the fundamental concepts like variables, data types, loops, conditional statements, and functions. Online tutorials, textbooks, and coding courses are great resources for beginners.

Practice coding: The best way to learn programming is by practicing regularly. Work on coding exercises, small projects, or contribute to open-source projects. This hands-on experience will help reinforce your understanding of programming concepts and improve your problem-solving skills.

Participate in coding communities: Engage with other programmers, join online forums or communities, and attend tech events or hackathons. Collaborating with experienced developers can help you learn from their expertise and gain practical insights.

Work on projects: Apply your knowledge by working on your own programming projects. Start with small projects and gradually tackle more complex ones. Building projects will help you apply what you've learned, develop your problem-solving skills, and create a portfolio for future job opportunities.

Learn from others' code: Reading and understanding other people's code can be a valuable learning experience. Explore open-source projects on platforms like GitHub and try to understand how they work. This will expose you to different coding styles and techniques.

Keep learning: Programming is an ever-evolving field, so it's important to stay updated. Follow coding blogs, watch tutorials, read books, and explore new technologies to expand your knowledge and skills.

Remember, learning programming requires patience, perseverance, and continuous practice. Don't be afraid to make mistakes and ask for help when needed. Happy coding!

https://youtu.be/6wbXrWVwRt0?feature=shared

How are you?