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KA Medical Notes โœจ

@ka_medical_notes


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KA Medical Notes โœจ (English)

Welcome to KA Medical Notes, your go-to resource for simplified medicine with updates at your fingertips. This Telegram channel, @ka_medical_notes, is dedicated to providing clinical pearls that will enhance your medical knowledge and improve your practice. With regular updates and easy-to-understand information, we aim to make complex medical concepts more accessible and applicable in your day-to-day work. Whether you are a medical student, healthcare professional, or simply interested in learning more about medicine, KA Medical Notes is the perfect channel for you. Join us today and take your medical knowledge to the next level! Click on the link to join: https://t.me/+Tod1h9Jlcog5MWU0

KA Medical Notes โœจ

27 Jan, 22:52


ุดุฑุญ ู…ูุตู„ ู„ู„ุณูƒุฑ ููŠ ุฑู…ุถุงู† update 2025 ุดุฑุญ ุงุณุชุงุฐู†ุง ุฃ.ุฏ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุดูˆู‚ูŠ โค๏ธ

KA Medical Notes โœจ

27 Jan, 22:49


ุฑู…ุถุงู† ูƒุฑูŠู… ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนู‡๐Ÿ’–๐Ÿ’–๐Ÿ’– ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ูˆูุงุถู„ ุดู‡ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑู…ุถุงู† ุงู‡ูˆู‡ ู†ุจุฏุง ู†ุธุจุท ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจู…ุง ูŠู†ุงุณุจ ุงู„ lifestyle ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุฑู…ุถุงู†โœจ๏ธ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุฑูŠูƒูˆุฑุฏ ุดุฑุญูŠ

KA Medical Notes โœจ

15 Jan, 13:56


Random notes 52


1- ุงุฒูŠูƒ โค๏ธ ุฏู‡ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธู‡ ู…ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ู„ูŠูƒ ูƒุญุฏ ุจูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ู ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงู‡โœŒ๏ธุŒู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฎู…ูˆู„ ูˆู…ููŠุด ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌู‡ ุงูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุจุณูˆุท ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงูˆ ู…ุด ุจุชู†ุฌุฒ ู ุญูŠุงุชูƒ ูˆุญุงุณุณ ุจุดุฆ ู…ู† ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ู‡ ูˆุญุงุณุณ ุจุงู„ุงูƒุชุฆุงุจ ูˆุงู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ูˆู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุนู…ู„ุช ู…ููŠุด ุญุงุฌู‡ ุจุชุจุณุทูƒ ุงุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุณูƒูˆุฑ ุฏู‡ PHQ 9 ู„ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงูƒุชุฆุงุจ ูˆุงู†ุช ู…ุชุนุฑูุด ุŒูˆุฏู‡ interpretation ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชุญุณุจู‡
ูˆุงุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูˆู…ุด ุงุฒู…ู‡ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆู„ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ ุชุฒูˆุฑ ุญุฏ ู†ูุณูŠ ู…ุชุฎุตุต ูˆู…ุด ุจุนูŠุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠ ุญุฏ ูˆู…ุด ุนูŠุจ
ูˆุฏู‡ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡

ูข- ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ุดุงูƒูƒ ุงู†ู‡ celiac
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ upper gi endoscopy ูˆู†ุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ู‡ ู…ู†
2nd part of duodenum
Jejunum
ูˆุงู…ุชู‡ ุจู†ุดูƒ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ
Isolated nutritional defeciency as iron defeciency anemia unexplained, or hypokalemia unexplaiend
ุงูˆ chronic diarrhea
ุงูˆ neuropsychiatric manifestations
ูˆุฏู‡ ููŠู‡ ุชูุตูŠู„ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง


3- ุชุณู…ุน ุนู† thyroid nodule
ูƒุงู… ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ู‡
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ู 50% ู adults ุจุงู„ุณูˆู†ุงุฑ
ูˆ ูฉู % ู…ู†ู‡ุง benign
ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงุนุฑุงุถ
ูˆู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ benign ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒุจุฑ ู„ูƒู† ู…ูŠู‚ู„ุจุด ุฎุจูŠุซ
ูˆ ููŠู‡ TIRADS classification ุจุงู„ุณูˆู†ุงุฑ ูŠู‚ู„ูƒ ุชุชุงุจุน ุนุงุฏูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุชุณุญุจ ุนูŠู†ู‡ FNAC
ูˆู„ูˆ ุณุญุจุช ุนูŠู†ู‡ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงูŠู‡ ุŸ
ูŠุฌุงูˆุจูƒ TBSRTC score

ูˆุนู…ูˆู…ุง ูŠู‚ู„ู‚ูƒ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ nodule
Male> female
Young> elder
Cold>hot
Solid>cystic
Family Hx of thyroid cancer or neck radiation ..

4-ุนูŠุงู† ูˆcritical ูˆ bradycardia
ููƒุฑ ู ุงุณุจุงุจ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุณ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุณุชุจุนุฏ ุฏูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู…
Intracranial hemorrhage
Hyperkalemia
Acidosis
Beta blocker
inferior mi

5-ุงุฒุงูŠ ู†ุชุงุจุน ุนูŠุงู† ุนู„ู‰ steroid

6-ู†ุตุงุฆุญ ู„ุนูŠุงู† heart failure

7-ู‡ู„ ููŠู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ู‡ ุจูŠู† nutrition ูˆุงู„
Weaning from mechanical ventilation ?

ู„ู„ู…ูุงุฌุฆู‡ ุงู‡

ู„ุงู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุนูŠุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠู‡ ุจู†ุบุฐูŠู‡ู… ุญู„ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ู refeeding syndrome ูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„
Hypophosphatemia
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุทู‡ ุงุญุตุงุฆูŠุง ุจูุดู„
Weaning from vent
ู„ุณุจุจ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„

ู†ุทู„ุน ุจุงู† : ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ุน mechanical ventilator ูˆุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู† wean
[ุฎุตูˆุตุง ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ุงุตู„ุง ู…ูƒู†ุด ููŠู‡ nutrition ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฌูŠู„ู†ุง ]
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุฑูŠุช ุงู„nutrition ุŒุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ู ุงู†ู†ุง ู† off ู…ู† ุน ูู†ุช

8- ุฏูˆุง antipsychotic ุงุณู…ู‡ quitipine
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ pancytopenia

9-ู„ูˆ ู…ุนุงูƒ ุนูŠุงู† arthritis ูˆุดุงูƒูƒ ุงู†ู‡ rheumatoid arthritis ุจู†ุทู„ุจ
RHEUMATOID factor ,Anti CCP
ู„ูˆ ุณู„ุจูŠ ุจู†ููƒุฑ ู
Seronegative arthropathies
ุฒูŠ
Reiter
Enteropathic
Ankylosing
Psoriatic



ูˆู†ุทู„ุจ mri lumbosacral ,crp ,esr.


10-ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงุชุญุฌุฒ ู…ุนุงูƒ ุนูŠุงู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุฑููŠุนู‡ ุบุงู„ุจุง
ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุด ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุชุญุฑูƒ ูˆุนุถู…ูŠ ูˆุงุฌุนู†ูŠ
ุชููƒุฑ ุงูˆู„. ุญุงุฌู‡ ู osteoarthritis ูˆุชุนู…ู„ knee x ray
ุทุจ ู…ุทู„ุนุชุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุŸ
ููƒุฑ ู osteoporosis ุชุจุงู† ู x ray
Lumbosacral
ุงูˆ
DEXA scan

ู…ูƒู†ุดุŸ
Multiple myeloma?>> Protein electrophoresis..

11- ecg sign
S1 Q3 T3 of pulmonary embolism
Is specific sign not sensitive
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ููƒุฑ ู PE
ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุงุด ู…ุชู†ููŠุด

12-ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจู†ุฏูŠ propranolol ุงูˆ ุงู†ุฏุฑุงู„ ููŠ ุนูŠุงู† hyperthyroidism ุจุณ ุณุคุงู„ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง.. ู‡ู„ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจุฏูŠู‡ู…ุŸ ูˆุจุฌุฑุนู‡ ูƒุงู…ุŸ
-ู…ุด ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจุฏูŠู‡ู…ุŒุงู…ุงู„ ู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุธุจุทุŸ
-symptomatic as palpations,tremors ,sweating
-thyrotoxoic crisis
-hypokalemic periodic paralysis

ุจุฌุฑุนู‡ ูƒุงู…ุŸ
30-60 mg daily
ู‡ุฏููƒ ุงู„ุงุนุฑุงุถ ุชุชุญุณู† ูˆ HR ุจูŠู† ูฆู  ูˆ ูฉู 


13-ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ paget's disease
ู ุงู„ุงุณุงุณ ู‡ูˆ zometa ุงู…ุจูˆู„ ูƒู„ 6-12 month
ุจูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุจ bone fracture
ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู†asymptomatic 75%
ูˆูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจูŠุถุฑุจ ูƒุฐุง ุนุถู…ู‡ ู ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆู…ูŠุถุฑุจุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ูˆุฌุน ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูˆูŠุถุบุท ุน ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑู‡ ุŒู‡ุชุญู„ู„ ALP ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ุนุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู„ู ุฏู‡ ูŠุดุฎุต ุจุณ ู„ู„ุงุณู ู ูคู % ุจูŠุจู‚ุง ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„
ุงู…ุง ca ูˆpo4 ุบุงู„ุจุง ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ .

14-ุชุณู…ุน ุนู† fecal calprotectin
ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒ
ุฏู‡ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ
1st investigation screening for patient with suspected IBD as Crohns or ulcerative ,has sensitivity andd specificity >95%
ู„ูˆ ุงูŠุฌุงุจูŠ ุฏุฎู„ู‡ ู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†ูŠ ูˆุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ู‡


15-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ู‚ุงู„ูƒ ุงู†ุง ุญุงุณุณ ุญุดุฑุงุช ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู„ุฏูŠ ุŸ
ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุชุดูˆู ู„ูˆ ู…ุฏู…ู† ุฏูŠู‡ ุงุนุฑุงุถ ุงู†ุณุญุงุจ
ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช
Cocaine ,tramadol ,heroin
Or SSRI drug stop
ุทูŠุจ ู†ููŠุช ุฏู‡ุŸ
Parkinsonโ€™s disease
shingles
fibromyalgia
anxiety
perimenopause
Lyme disease
diabetic neuropathy
skin cancer
schizophrenia
ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุญุงุฌู‡ ู†ูุณูŠู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ekbom

16-ุงุฒุงูŠ ุจูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุนูŠุงู†
Medullary thyroid cancer ?
ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจ ุงุณู‡ุงู„ ูˆ facial flushing

17-ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดุฎุต tuberculosis lung

ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุด vaccinated ูู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ tuberculin testุŒ
ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ vaccinated ู ู…ุนุงู†ุง gene xpert ู…ู† ุนูŠู†ู‡ ุจุตุงู‚ ูฃ ุงูŠุงู… ู…ุชุชุงู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุฏู‡ ุงุญุณู†ู‡ู… ูˆุบุงู„ูŠ ูˆุจูŠุฏู„ ุน ูˆุฌูˆุฏ infection ุณูˆุงุก active or not

ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุงุฌู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
Serum quantiferon gold test
ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุงูƒุฏ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ tB ูˆ active ุจุณ ู ุงู„ุฏู… ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ู…ุด ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู†ู‡ูŠ organ

18_ููŠู‡ ุฏูˆุง ุณูƒุฑ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจ mechanism ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡ imeglimin 500 mg
ุจูŠุชุงุฎุฏ ู‚ุฑุต ู„ ูข ู‚ุฑุต ูƒู„ ูกูข ุณ
ู„ูŠู†ูƒ ุจูŠุชุดุบู„ ุงุฒุงูŠ
ุจูŠุชุงุฎุฏ ู type 2 ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ุงูˆ ู…ุน other oral drugs



ุดูƒุฑุง๐Ÿ˜

KA Medical Notes โœจ

09 Jan, 09:47


ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุช
ู„ุนูŠุงู† heart failure
๐Ÿ–ค


๐Ÿุงูˆู„ุง ู‡ุชูู‡ู…ู‡ ุงุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ ACS ูˆ ADHF
ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆโš ๏ธ

>ACS"acute coronary syndrome" ุฒูŠ ุญุงุฌู‡ ุชู‚ูŠู„ู‡ ููˆู‚ ุตุฏุฑู‡ ุงูˆ ุชุฑุฌูŠุน ุงูˆ ุนุฑู‚ ุดุฏูŠุฏ

>ADHF "acute decompensated HF"
ุฒูŠ progressive dyspnea
,orthopnea, LL edema

๐Ÿู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ู ุงู„ุงูƒู„ [ุงุฎุฑู‡ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ุชูˆุชุงู„ ู†ุต ู…ู„ุนู‚ู‡ ู…ู„ุญ]

๐Ÿู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุดุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูก ุงู„ู‰ ูก.ูฅ ู„ุชุฑ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ ู†ู‡ุฌุงู†

๐Ÿูƒูˆุจ ู‚ู‡ูˆู‡ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ูŠูƒููŠ

๐Ÿู†ู†ุตุญ ุจุงู„ ู…ุดูŠ ู†ุต ุณุงุนู‡ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ูฅ ุงูŠุงุงู… ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠุง ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู‡ูŠู‚ู ูƒู„ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ูŠุณุชุฑูŠุญ ุŒุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏ
Stable ,compensated

๐Ÿูˆุฒู† ู†ูุณู‡ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠุง {ูŠูˆุฒู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุงูุทุงุฑ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุญู…ุงู…} ุŒูˆูŠุฒูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ุฒุงุฏ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูข ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠุง ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ูˆู†ุฒูˆุฏ diuretic ุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู†ุชุธุงู… ุงุตู„ุง

๐Ÿู…ุฑุงุฌุนู‡ ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ HF ูˆุฌุฑุนุงุชู‡ุง ู…ุนุงู‡ ู ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุชูƒูˆู†
Every 2 months if unstable
Every 4 months if stable

ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ADHF ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ููˆุฑุง

๐ŸุชุธุจูŠุท ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูˆุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆ ุงู„ุณู…ู†ู‡- ุงู† ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง-

๐Ÿู„ู…ุง ูŠุฌูŠู„ูƒ ุฒูŠุงุฑู‡ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุชู‚ูŠุณ ุถุบุท ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูˆุงู‚ูุŒ ูˆo2 saturation ูˆ HR ูˆู†ุนุฑูู‡ ูŠู‚ูŠุณ ุถุบุท ู ุงูŠ ุตูŠุฏู„ูŠู‡ ุฌู†ุจู‡ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠุง ูˆู†ุนุฑูู‡ normal BL.P ranges ุนุดุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฑูุนุช ุงูˆูŠ ุงูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ุงูˆูŠ ูŠุฒูˆุฑ ุทุจูŠุจ

๐Ÿู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฏูˆู„ ูƒู„ ูฆ ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
Cbc
Alt ast
Urea creat
Na k ca ionized
TSH
Lipid Profile
ECG

๐Ÿู†ุนู…ู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆ ูƒู„ ุณู†ู‡

๐Ÿู†ูƒูˆู† ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ู„ู‡ ุฒูŠ ูˆุฑู‚ู‡
ู‚ุงูŠู„ูŠู† ุงุนุฑุงุถู‡ ูˆุงุชุญุฌุฒ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆู„ ู„ุฃ ุŸ ู…ุนุงู‡ AF ุงูˆ IHD ูˆู„ ู„ุฃุŸ ู…ุนุงู‡ other comorbidity ูˆู„ ู„ุฃุŸ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ุน ุนู„ุงุฌ ูˆู„ ู„ุฃุŸ ุงูŠู‡ ุนู„ุงุฌุงุชู‡ุŸ ูˆ stage ูƒุงู…ุŸ ูˆ HFrEF ูˆู„ุง HFpEFุŸ ..

๐Ÿูˆุฏู‡ ู„ูŠู†ูƒ HF guidelines ู…ู†
American heart association
ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุญุงุจุจ



ุดูƒุฑุงโค๏ธ

KA Medical Notes โœจ

07 Jan, 10:31


ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ long term"ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุดู‡ุฑ"
ุนู„ู‰ steroid ,,ุฏู‡ ู†ุชุงุจุนู„ู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ูƒู„ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ุŸุŸ
๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿ‘†

๐Ÿ‘‘++ูˆ DEXA scan ูƒู„ ุณู†ู‡

๐Ÿ‘‘ู‡ู„ ู†ุฏูŠ PPI ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ุŸ ู„ุง
ุŒุงู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌุงู„ู‡ gastritis ุงูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ NSAIDS

๐Ÿ‘‘ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุฏุฎู† ูŠูˆู‚ู ุชุฏุฎูŠู†

๐Ÿ‘‘ู„ูˆ ู‡ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุฌุฑุนุช steroid ุงูˆ ู‚ุฑุจู†ุง ู†ูˆู‚ูู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุญู„ู„
9 am serum cortisole level

๐Ÿ‘‘ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุงุฏูŠ ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ูˆ vit d ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงุŸ
ุงู‡
Vit d 400-800 mg daily
ูˆ elemental ca 1 gm

ู„ูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ osteoporosis ุฒูˆุฏ
Fosamax 70 ู…ุฑู‡ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠุง

๐Ÿ‘‘ูˆู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุณุชุจุนุฏ fungal infections
Oral -vaginal- skin -nails
ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุจุฏุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูˆ ูƒู„ ูฃ ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฑู‡

๐Ÿ‘‘ู„ูˆ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ elective ู†ุฏูŠ vit A ูขู  ุงู„ู ูˆุญุฏู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุญุณู† ุงู„healing
ุฏู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญุชุงุฌ ุงุฑูุน ุงู„ุฌุฑุนู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุชุฌู†ุจุง ู„ addisonian crisis

๐Ÿ‘‘ูˆู„ูˆ ุธู‡ุฑ ุงูŠ ุนุฏูˆู‰
To be treated aggressively, and suspect uncommon pathogens

๐Ÿ‘‘:: ู…ู„ุญูˆุธู‡ ู†ุนู…ู„ ูุญุต ุฑู…ุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุณุชูŠุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ cataract,glucoma,flare infections

๐Ÿ‘‘ูˆุฏูŠู‡ short,long term side effects

๐Ÿ‘‘ุงู…ุชู‡ ู…ูŠู†ูุนุด ุงูˆู‚ู ู…ุฑู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ุŸ
{40mg for more than 1 week) or have been on them for longer than 3 weeks.

๐Ÿ‘‘ูˆุฏู‡ ู„ูŠู†ูƒ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุนุงูŠุฒ ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ุนู† steroids ุนู…ูˆู…ุง


ุดูƒุฑุงโœจ

KA Medical Notes โœจ

24 Dec, 23:03


Random notes 51


1--ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง Obstructive Jaundice ูˆ
Common bile duct dilated
ู…ุญุชุงุฌูŠู† ู†ุฑูƒุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุฏุนุงู…ู‡ุŒ ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุจุนุฏ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 6 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุŒุงู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุชุณุฏุช ุงูˆ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุชุชุบูŠุฑ

2-ููŠ ุฑู…ุถุงู† ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุณ ุงู† ุญุงู„ุงุช digitalis toxicity ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŸ
ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ุณูˆุณ licorice ุจูŠุดุชุบู„
Aldosterone like action
ูุจูŠุนู…ู„ hypokalemia ู
Precepitate digitalis toxicity

3-ุงูŠ ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆู„ูˆ ุจุณูŠุทู‡ ู ุนูŠุงู† polycystic kidney
ุชุญุชุฑู…ุŒ ู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„HGB high normal ุงูˆ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุญุชู‰ุŒ ุทุจ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ
ุนุดุงู† ุงู„cysts ุจุชุทู„ุน erythropoitinุŒ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู†ูƒ ุดุฎุตุช ุนูŠุงู† polycystic kidney ุงุนู…ู„ ุณูˆู†ุงุฑ ู„ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ูˆูˆุงู„ุฏุชู‡ ูˆูˆู„ุงุฏู‡ ุนุดุงู† autosomal dominant ุŒู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ุถุบุทู‡ู… ุนุงู„ูŠ ุชุฌู†ุจ ุชุฏูŠ ca channel blocker
As it aids disease progression

4-ุงูŠ ุญุฏ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุฏูˆุฑ ุจุฑุฏ ูˆุณุฎูˆู†ูŠู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจู‚ุง confused ููƒุฑ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌู‡ ู encephalitis
5-..
..
ุชูุชูƒุฑ ู„ูˆ ุนุงูŠุฒ ุงู…ุดูŠ ูˆู„ูŠูƒู† ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุจุฑูŠุช 30 ุณู…/ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ
ุชูุชูƒุฑ ู„ูˆ ู…ุดูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู ูƒุงู†ูŠูˆู„ุง ุตูุฑุง ุฒูŠ ุจูŠู†ูƒ ุฒูŠ ุณู†ุชุฑุŸ

ุงูƒูŠุฏ ู„ุฃ
ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŸ
ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ 1 ุณู… ููŠู‡ 16-20 ู†ู‚ุทู‡ุŒ ูˆุนุงูˆุฒ ุงู…ุดูŠ 30 ุณู…ุŒ ู‡ุชุถุฑุจ 16x 30
ู‡ุชุทู„ุน 480
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงูŠุฒ ุงู…ุดูŠ 480 ู†ู‚ุทู‡ ู ุงู„ุณุงุนู‡ ุŒูŠุนู†ูŠ ู ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ุŸ ุงู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ 60
480รท60=8 ู†ู‚ุท
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุชุนุฏ 8 ู†ู‚ุท
ุงูˆ ูƒู„ 8 ุซูˆุงู†ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ู‚ุทู‡
ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู„ุชู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนุงูŠุฒ ุชุนู„ู‰ ูˆุชูˆุทูŠ diflow ุจุฑุงุญุชูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ูƒู„ 8 ุซูˆุงู† ุชู†ุฒู„ ู†ู‚ุทู‡

6- ุนูŠุงู† polycystic kidney
ู‡ู„ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ู… MRA
Magnetic resonance angiography
ุนุดุงู† ุงุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ Berry aneurysm ู ุงู„ู…ุฎ ุŸ
ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจู‡ ู…ุด ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุนู…ู„ู‡ู…
Radiologic screening
ุงู†ู…ุง

ุจุณ
ุทุจ ู‡ู„ ูƒู„berry aneurysm
ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุŸ
ู„ุฃุŒ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†7 ู…ู… ุงูˆ symptomatic

7-ุนูŠุงู† ุฏุฎู„ ู‚ุณุทุฑู‡ ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆุฑูƒุจ ุฏุนุงู…ุงุช ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูƒุฐุง ูŠูˆู… ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุฑูุนุชุŒ ุชููƒุฑ ููŠุŸ
CIN
Contrast induce nephropathy
ุญู„ู‡ุง fluids

8-Kapron
dycinone
ุฏูˆู„ ุจุชุณุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ ู†ุฒูŠู ุดุฏูŠุฏ ูˆู„ูŠูƒู† Menorrhagia
ุงู„ุงูˆู„ kapron ุฏู‡ tranexamic acid
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ dicynone ุฏู‡ ethambutine
~~ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุนุงู‡ ู‚ุงุจู„ูŠู‡ ู„ู„ุฌู„ุทุงุช ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฏุงูŠุณูŠู†ูˆู† ู…ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ุด ูƒุงุจุฑูˆู†

8-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Antiplatelets ูˆ anticoagulant
ูˆุญุตู„ melena
"GIT bleeding "
ุจุชูˆู‚ู ูƒู„ู‡ุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„melena ูˆู‚ูุชุŒ ู†ุฑุฌุน ุงู„ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุŸ
-Aspirin :day zero ุนู„ุงุทูˆู„
-Clopidogril: after 7 days
-DOAC :14 days
-Heparin :3 days if high thrombotic risk
-Warfarin: day 7 if low thrombosis risk

9-new IBS TTT lines

10-ู„ูˆ ุญุงู„ู‡ thrombocytopenia ูˆู…ุญุชุงุฌู‡ ู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ู…ุนุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ุตูุงุฆุญ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ููˆู‚ ูƒุงู… ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุงุŸ
ููˆู‚ 20,000 ู„ูˆ diagnostic

ู„ูˆ therapeutic
ููˆู‚ 50ุŒ000

ู…ู† 20,000 -50,000
ู„ูˆ urgent ูŠุฏุฎู„
Not urgent ู„ูˆ
ูŠุณุชู†ู‰ ุชุฑูุน ููˆู‚ ูฅู 

11- ู‡ุนุฏุฏ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ุงู„Autoimmune conditions
ู„ู…ุง ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ุฏูˆุฑ ุน ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ูˆู…ุด ุดุฑุท ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡
Type 1 diabetes
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Addison disease
Celiac disease
Pernicious anemia
Vitiligo
Inflamed bowel disease
Sjล‘gren disease

12-
ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุงุฌู…ุน ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุฏูˆุฑ ุจุฑุฏ

ุฏูˆุฑ ุจุฑุฏ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุบุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ูŠู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู… +ุตุนูˆุจู‡ ุจุงู„ุจู„ุน >>de quervain thyroiditis

ุฏูˆุฑ ุจุฑุฏ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุงู„ู… localized ุจุงู„ุตุฏุฑ
>pleurisy vs dry pericarditis

ุฏูˆุฑ ุจุฑุฏ ู ุดุงุจ ุจุนุฏู‡
Fever & localized chest pain with high troponin and echo ยฑ RWMA>
Myocarditis

ุฏูˆุฑ ุจุฑุฏ ุจุนุฏู‡
Ascending LL paralysis
> Gillian bare syndrome

ุฏูˆุฑ ุจุฑุฏ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุชุฒูŠูŠู‚ ุตุฏุฑ ูˆูƒุญู‡
>bronchitis vs pneumonia

ุฏูˆุฑ ุจุฑุฏ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุงู†ูŠู…ุง ยฑุตูุงุฆุญ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‡ ูˆุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ ุณุฑูŠุนู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ู‡
>blood film to exclude acute leukemia

ุฏูˆุฑ ุจุฑุฏ ุจุนุฏู‡ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุนู„ูŠุช ูˆAKI
>>post streptococcus GN vs IgA glomerulonephropathy

ุฏูˆุฑ ุจุฑุฏ ุจุนุฏู‡ confusion
> encephalitis

ุฏูˆุฑ ุจุฑุฏ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงุตูุฑุช ูˆุงู„ู… ุจุงู„ุจุทู† ูˆALT ุŒ AST ุนุงู„ูŠูŠู† ูˆ direct hyperbilirubinemia
>> Hepatitis A infection.


13-ุงูŠู‡ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุน ุนูŠุงู†
Hypothyroidism

โ—‡If low MCV :likely due to Menorrhagia

โ—‡If normal MCV : anemia of chronic disease

โ—‡If high MCV : due to vit B12 deficiency
Which is due to Pernicious anemia {Autoimmune association}
,Git malabsorption {celiac}.

14-ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุญุงุฌู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ุงูุนู‡ ุจุชุธุจุท ุนุฏู… ุงุชุฒุงู† ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุง "dysbiosis" ูˆุงู„ู„ุฎุจุทู‡ ุฏูŠู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุงุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูุงุฎุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุบุต
ู‡ู†ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ูฃ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช
Probiotics are live beneficial microbes,
prebiotics are food for these microbes, and
postbiotics are the beneficial compounds produced by probiotics.

15- ุนุงูŠุฒ ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis
ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
Type 1 type 2
ู‡ู†ู‚ุงุฑู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุชูุฑู‚ ู…ุนุงู†ุง
ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠุง ู‡ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Amiodarone
ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุง ู‡ูˆ Cordarone
ูˆุฏุฎู„ ู thyroid dysfunction
ุฏู‡ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡

16-ุงูŠู‡ ูŠูุณุฑ  hyponatremia ู Hypothyroidism ุŸ
Addison
Hyperglycemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
SIADH syndrome
Dilutional

ุดูƒุฑุง๐Ÿ’–

KA Medical Notes โœจ

05 Dec, 23:50


ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ
ู…ุนุธู…ู†ุง ุจูŠุดูŠู„ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ูˆูˆุงุฑุฏ ูŠุญุตู„ arrest ุŒุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูŠุฑุฌุนุŒ ู ุฏู‡ ูุงูŠู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชุฑุฌุน
Post resuscitation care

KA Medical Notes โœจ

05 Dec, 23:48


Post arrest protocol, UK guidelines

https://adobeacrobat.app.link/Mhhs4GmNsxb

KA Medical Notes โœจ

02 Dec, 18:28


Random notes 50

1-ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุนูŠุงู† ูŠู‚ูŠุณ ุถุบุทู‡ ู ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูˆูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ุนูŠุงุฏู‡ ุงู‚ูŠุณ ุถุบุทู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠุŸ
ุทุจ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุŒุŒุŒุงูŠู‡ ูŠูุณุฑ ุนูŠุงู† ูŠู‚ูŠุณ ุถุบุทู‡ ู ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ู ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠุงุฏู‡ ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ุŸ

ู†ูุณุฑ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุงูˆู„:
White coat hypertension
ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุดูˆู ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุจูŠุชูˆุชุฑ ู ุถุบุทู‡ ุจูŠุนู„ู‰ anxious ุŒ ุทุจ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูุนู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุถุบุทุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠูุตู„ ุงู„ echo

ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ :
Masked hypertension
ุฏู‡ ุดุฎุต obssesiveุŒ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ู ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุจูŠู‚ู„ู‚ุŒ ุงู…ุง ูŠุดูˆู ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูŠุทู…ู†..

2- -ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ warfarin ูˆุฌุงูŠ ุจ inr ุนุงู„ูŠ
ูŠุนู†ูŠ Warfarin toxicity
ูˆู„ู‚ูŠุช s. Creatinine ุจูŠุฑูุน ู…ุนุงูƒ
ุงูŠู‡ ูŠูุณุฑ ุงู„ุฑูุนุฉ ุฏูŠู‡ุŸ
ุงูˆู„ ุชูุณูŠุฑ warfarin induced nephropathy "WIN"
ุงู„ุญู„ ุชูˆู‚ู ู…ุงุฑูŠูุงู† ูˆุชุชุงุจุน creat

ุชุงู†ูŠ ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู† inr ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ู†ุฒูŠู ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ pre renal injury

3-ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุทูู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ 8 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุงุชุดุฎุต ุณูƒุฑ ุŒู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ุฏู‡ type 1 diabetes ูƒุฏู‡ ุŒ ู‡ู‚ู„ูƒ ู„ุฃ ุŒุฏู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ neonatal diabetes

4-ู„ูˆ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุณูƒุฑ ุฏุฎู„ ู pancreatitis
ุŒ ู‡ู†ุนุงู„ุฌ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจ ุงู†ู‡ูŠ ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ุŸ
ู…ุนุงูƒ ูู‚ุท insulin, metformin
ุทุจ ูˆุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ู„ุฃุŸ
ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุจูŠุงุซุฑ ุน pancreasุŒ ุŒ

ุทุจ ุงู„pancreatitis ุฏู‡ ุฎู ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุงุฎุฏ

5-ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุณู…ู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชู„ุนุจ ุฑูŠุงุถู‡ ู‡ูŠู‚ู„ูƒ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸู…ุดูŠ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ู†ุต ุณุงุนู‡ 5 ุงูŠุงู… ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
150 minutes of moderate activity
ุงูˆ
75 minutes of vigorous activity
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ุจุทุฆ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุงุญู‡

6-ู„ุง ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† git cancer ูˆุงู„ุณูƒู‡ ู…ุณุฏูˆุฏู‡ ูˆูุฑุถุง ุงู„ุนูŠุงู†
Inoperable
ู‡ูŠูุตู„ ุทูˆู„ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ู…ูŠุชุบุฐุงุด ู…ู† ุงู„ูู… ูˆุนุงูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุงู„ูŠู„ุŸ
ููŠู‡ ุญู„ ุงุณู…ู‡
feeding jejunostomy tube

7-hemochromatosis ุชุณู…ุน ุนู†
ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒุชุดู ู ุงู„male ู ุงูŠ ุณู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„females ุจุชูƒุชุดูู‡
Post menopausal
ู„ูŠู‡ ุจู‚ุงุŸ
ุนุดุงู† ู‚ุจู„ menopause ู…ููŠุด ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุฎุฒู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุณุจุจ ู†ุฒูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑูŠุฉ
ุงู…ุง ุจุนุฏ menopause ู…ููŠุด ู†ุฒูŠู ุŒููŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุชุฑุงูƒู… ู ุงู„ุฌุณู… ููŠุจุงู†ุŒ ูˆู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ males ู…ู† ุจุฏุฑูŠ ู„ุงู† ู…ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุด period

8-ู„ูˆ ุณุญุจุช ุชุญู„ูŠู„ CRP
C reactive protein ูŠุนู†ูŠ
ูˆู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู ุฏู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุบุงู„ุจุง
Infection or inflammation
ุชูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ
ุจุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงุณู…ู‡ Procalcitonin
ู„ูˆ ุณู„ุจูŠ ูŠุจู‚ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒ ุฏู‡ inflammation
ู„ูˆ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠ ูŠุจู‚ุง infection ยฑinflammation

9-ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงุจู„ูƒ ุงูŠ lesion ุฌู„ุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ู‡ุชasses ูƒุฐุง ุญุงุฌู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชุนุฑู ู…ุชุฎุตุต ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏูŠู‡ุŒ
Site, size, number, recurrent, elevated or flat, Pigmented or not, itchy, fever, co-morbidities

10-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุนุงู‡ LDL ุนุงู„ูŠ ูุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠุญุชุงุฌ statin ุฒูŠ cholerose
ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† LDL ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ ูˆ triglycerides ุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ูุฏู‡ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ
Fenofibrate as lipanthyl supra 160 once

ู…ู„ุญูˆุธู‡ ุŒุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุจุชุชุงุฎุฏ ุจู„ูŠู„ ุจุชุฌูŠุจ ู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ ุงุญุณู†ุŒ ุนุดุงู†
LDL RECEPTORS more expressed at night

11-rupture ectopic pregnancy might be present with acute Diarrhea

12-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† chronic Diarrhea
ู…ุนุงู‡ thrombosis ููƒุฑ ููŠ
Inflammatory bowel disease ๐Ÿ“

๐Ÿ“ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ INR ุนุงู„ูŠ ููƒุฑ ููŠ celiac
Due to vit k defeciency "malabsorption "

13- ุชุณู…ุน ุนู† erythropoietin ุฏู‡ ุญุงุฌู‡ ุจุช++ ุงู„BM ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุทู„ุน RBC ุŒ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฏูˆุง thrombopoietin ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ versapenia ุงูˆ RevoladeุŒ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ ูŠุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุงู„ุจุงู† (interaction)ุŒ ูˆูŠุชุฌู†ุจ ุฃุนุทุงุกู‡ ููŠ ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„Hypercoagulable state ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ุŒ ุจู†ุฏูŠู‡ ุนุงุฏู‡ ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
immune thrombocytopenic purpura

14- differential diagnosis of unilateral limb redness with pain :-
Cellulitis
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Trauma
Vasculitis

15-ุงู„GFR ุจูŠู‚ู„ 1ml ุณู†ูˆูŠุง ู…ู† ุจุนุฏ ุณู† ุงู„30ุŒ ุฏู‡ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุนูŠุงู† 80 ุณู†ุฉ ุญุณุจุช eGFR ุทู„ุน 60 ุฏู‡ ุนุงุฏูŠ


16-ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„co-arctation of aorta
ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุนู„ู‰ ุถุบุทู‡ ุŸ
>concomittant renal artery stenosis

17-ุงู…ุชู‡ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุชู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ุถุบุท ู ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุนูŠู†ุŸ
ู„ูˆ ุงูˆู„ ุฒูŠุงุฑู‡ ู„ูŠูƒ ูƒุทุจูŠุจ ุงูˆ
Unequal pulse Or suspected aortic dissection

ุทุจ ูˆุงูŠู‡ ุงุณุจุงุจ ุงู„
Unequal pulse volume?
Pancost tumor
Thoracic outlet syndrome

18-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† lupus ู‡ู„ ุฏู‡ ูŠูุณุฑ ุงู„parathyroid hormone level ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุŸ ุงู‡ ู„ุงู† ุจูŠุทู„ุน
Anti parathyroid antibodies.

19- in patient with hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyrdism, keep calcium at low normal level (8-8.6) as low PTH cause inhibited renal ca reabsorption so aid stones formation (hypercalcuria)
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ู„ ุฌุฑุนู‡ ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… tab+ุงุฏูŠ thiazide 25mg ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ูˆู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ูˆุดุฑุจ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ

20-ู‡ู„ ููŠู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ู‡ ุจูŠู† skin candida ูˆุฃู…ุฑุงุถ EndocrineุŸ ๐Ÿค”
ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจู‡ ุงู‡
Autoimmune polyglanduar syndrome type 1,3

21-ุงูŠู‡ ูŠูุณุฑ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุฏูŠู‡ ู ุนูŠุงู†
Hypoparathyrdism?

>cognitive impairment (lentiform nucleus calcified)
>blurred vision >cataract
>Palpitation >arrhythmia
>Flank pain >STONES
>Anemia >>associated pernicious anemia or celiac

ุดูƒุฑุง๐Ÿ’›

KA Medical Notes โœจ

25 Nov, 08:31


Autoimmune polyglanduar syndromes

KA Medical Notes โœจ

25 Nov, 08:14


..

KA Medical Notes โœจ

25 Nov, 08:14


Antibiotics mechanisms

KA Medical Notes โœจ

25 Nov, 08:10


ูˆุฏู‡ ูˆุฑู‚ู‡ ุจ spectrum ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚
ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡

ุŒ ูˆุฏู‡ ู„ูŠู†ูƒ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงูŠุฒ ูŠุฐุงูƒุฑ Antibiotics
ู„ูŠู†ูƒ 1
ู„ูŠู†ูƒ 2
ู„ูŠู†ูƒ 3

KA Medical Notes โœจ

22 Nov, 18:43


ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒุงู… ู…ู„ุญูˆุธู‡ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰
fever of unknown origin
(FUO)


ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุญุฑุงุฑู‡ 3 ุงุณุงุจูŠุน ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ูˆูŠุชู… ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ุง ูƒุฐุง ู…ุฑู‡ ููˆู‚ 38.3ยฐ
ุฏู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏูˆุฑุช ู ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง UTI, Pneumonia ,
ู…ููŠุด ุงุณู‡ุงู„ ูˆู„ุง ูˆุฌุน ุญู„ู‚ ูˆู„ุง bedsores ูˆูƒู…ุงู†
-ve blood culture

ุทุจ ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ุชููƒุฑ ู ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
Infection - malignancy - autoimmune

ุทุจ ู„ูˆ infection ุชููƒุฑ ู ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
TB- endocarditis
, CMV, EBV, cholangitis, abscesses in abdomen organs as liver kidney spleen, subdiaphragmatic - subhepatic - paracolic - dental abscess

ุทุจ ู„ูˆ malignancyุŸ
Lymphoma - leukemia

ู„ูˆ autoimmuneุŸ
Lupus - adult still's - Cryoglobulinemia - polyartritis nodosa

Others :IBD - sarcoidosis - FMF

ุญุงูˆู„ ุชุงุฎุฏ detailed history ูˆ examination ูŠูˆุฌู‡ูƒ ูˆุชูุญุต ุจุทู†ู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูˆ ู…ูุตู„ ู…ูุตู„ุŒ ุงู†ู…ุง ู…ุชู‚ู…ุด ุณุงุญุจ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุจุชุงุนู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ู…ููŠุด ุญุงุฌู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ูƒุฏู‡
ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุทู„ุจ ุณูˆู†ุงุฑ ุจุทู† ูˆ urine, Sputum culture
ูˆู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† confused ู‡ูŠุญุชุงุฌ Lumbar puncture

๐Ÿ’ฅ๐Ÿ’ฅูˆุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจู‡ 50ูชู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุด ู‡ุชุดุฎุตู‡ุง ูˆ 75ูช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠุชุญุณู† ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡

ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒุฐุง ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† FUO
ู‡ู„ ู…ุณุงูุฑ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุŸ ุฒุงุฑุน ุงุนุถุงุกุŸ ุนูŠุงู† neutropenic - hospital acquired ุŸ
ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฏูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡

ู†ู…ุณูƒ ุงู„immunecomprimized
ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠุง ุชูู‡ู… ุงู† ู…ู†ุงุนุชู‡ ุถุนูŠูู‡ ุฌุฏุง ูู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ูŠุณุฎู†ุด ูˆู„ุง Wbcs ุชุนู„ู‰ ูˆู„ุง ุญุชู‰ ูŠ localize ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ุง ู…ุนุงู‡ pus ู ุญุชู‡ ูˆู…ุด ุจุชูˆุฌุนุŒ ูˆุฏู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุตุนุจ ู…ู‡ู…ุชูƒุŒ ู‡ู†ู‚ุณู… ู‡ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ู… ุญุณุจ
ู„ูˆ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุนูŠู† ุงู„humoral immunity ุงุชุถุฑุจุช ุฒูŠ splenectomy ุงูˆ multiple myeloma ุงูˆ CLL
ุชููƒุฑ ู strep pneumonia ุงูˆ H.infleuenza ุงูˆ Nisseria

ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุนูŠู† cell-mediated ุงุชุถุฑุจุช ููƒุฑ ู
Herpes - CMV - candida - penumocytis

ูˆู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† neutropenic
ุญุณุจ
ู…ุนุงู‡ ุญุฑุงุฑู‡ ู‡ุชุจุฏุง
Tazocin or cefepime and add or meronam (if suspected MRSA give vanco)
. ูˆู„ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุนุงู‡ ุญุฑุงุฑู‡ ุงุฏูŠ
Levofluxacin ยฑ amoxicillin clavulinic

ูˆู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ุฒุงุฑุน BM
ุญุณุจ ุฌุชู„ู‡ ู ุงูˆู„ 3 ุงุณุงุจูŠุน ููƒุฑ ู
GM +VE, GM - VE HERPES

ูˆู„ูˆ ู…ู† 3 ุงุณุงุจูŠุน ู„ 3 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
ููƒุฑ ู cMV ูˆ Candia

ูˆู„ูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 3 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ููƒุฑ ู varicella ูˆ Candida

ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฑุน solid organ

ุทูŠุจ ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„FUO ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุชู„ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุชุญุฌุฒ ู ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ุŒ ุชุณุฃู„ ู‡ู„ ู„ุณู‡ ุนุงู…ู„ ุงูŠ surgical intervention ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…septic ุงูˆ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู‚ุณุทุฑู‡ ุจูˆู„ ุงูˆ central venous line ุงูˆ chest tube ุŸ
ุทุจ ู‡ู„ ู„ุณู‡ ู†ุงู‚ู„ ุฏู…ุŸ ุนู†ุฏู‡ thromboemolismุŸ ุถุบุทู‡ ูˆุงู‚ุน ูุชุจู‚ู‰ Septic shock ุงูˆ Addison ุŸ ูˆุงุฑุฏ
Drug hypersensitivity


ุงู†ุง ุดุฑุญุช ู†ุจุฐู‡ ุนู† FUO ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุนุงูŠุฒ ูŠู‚ุฑุง ุจุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง

ูˆู‡ุจุนุช ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูˆุฌุฑุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ู
Infections due to fever in ICU ๐Ÿ‘‡

KA Medical Notes โœจ

22 Nov, 18:43


Suspected Infections with corresponding antibiotics๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿ‘†

๐Ÿชญู‡ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุดู‡ุฑ ู„ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจู‡ ููˆู‚ ุนุดุงู† ู„ูˆ ู‡ุชูˆุตู ุฏูˆุง

~Ceftriaxone = rocephin
~Cefipime = maxipime
~Cefotaxime =Cefotax
~Ceftazidime = fortum
~Cefoperazone = cefobid
~Cefoperazone +sulbacram=sulbocef
~Ceftazidime +avibactam+ zaficefta
~Ertapenem =invanz
~Meropenem =meronam
~Imipenem= tienam
~Vancomycin =vancomycin
~Piperacillin-tazobactam =tazocin
~Metronidazole =Flagyl
~Ampicillin+sulbactam =unictam
~Azithromycin=Zithrocin
~Ciprofluxacin = ciprofar
~Moxifloxacin=moxiflox
~sulphamethoxazole +trimethoprime =septrin DS
~

KA Medical Notes โœจ

21 Nov, 20:25


ู„ู…ุง ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุณูƒุฑ ูŠู‚ู„ูƒ ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงู‚ูŠุณ ุณูƒุฑ ู„ู†ูุณูŠ ูƒุงู… ู…ุฑู‡ ู ุงู„ุจูŠุชุŸ
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
Self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG)

ุญุณุจ Type 1 or 2

๐Ÿ’ฅType 1 diabetes
ุงู„ุตุญ ูŠู‚ูŠุณ 4 ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง
ู…ุฑู‡ ุตุงูŠู… ูˆู…ุฑู‡ ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ูˆุฌุจู‡ ุจุณุงุนุชุงู†


๐Ÿ’ฅType 2 diabetes
ุญุณุจ

๐Ÿ”On insulin
ูŠู‚ูŠุณ 4 ู…ุฑุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚

๐Ÿ”On non-insulin
ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ
~ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ Sulphonulurea ุงูˆ repaglinide
ูŠู‚ูŠุณ ู ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูŠุณุชู‚ุฑ ูŠู‚ูŠุณ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ู ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ูˆู„ูŠูƒู† ุณุจุช ูˆุชู„ุงุช ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ู‚ูŠุงุณุชูŠู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฅูุทุงุฑ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุบุฏุง ุจุณุงุนุชุงู† ูŠุจู‚ุง ูƒุฏู‡ 4 ู‚ุฑุงุกุงุช ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู‡) ูˆุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ ู hypoglycemia ู†ุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุงุช


~ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„oral antidabetic
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ hypoglycemia
> ู…ุด ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ู†ู‚ูŠุณ regular

๐Ÿ’ฅGestational diabetes
4 ู‚ุฑุงุกุงุช ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง

ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ุนู„ู‰
Self-monotiring

ุงู…ุง ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒู…ูŠ ูƒู„ 3 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุงุณุงุณูŠ


ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุฑุง ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ูƒุงุชุจู‡ ู„ุงู† ููŠู‡ ูƒุฐุง guideline
ุงู†ุง ุฌุงูŠุจ ู…ู† British guidelines

KA Medical Notes โœจ

19 Nov, 23:42


๐Ÿ€๐Ÿ€๐Ÿ€ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุจู‚ุง ุงู„analysis ุจุชุงุน ูƒู„ comorbidity


๐Ÿชฉ1-Diabetes mellitus
ุณูƒุฑุŒ ู…ู† ูƒุงู… ุณู†ู‡ุŸุงูƒุชุดูู‡ ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ ู†ูˆุน ุงูˆู„ ูˆู„ุง ุชุงู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ ุŸู…ู†ุชุธู… ูˆู„ ู„ุงุŸ ุงุฎุฑ ุชุฑุงูƒู…ูŠุŸ ุฏุฎู„ ู dka ุงูˆ Hypoglycemic coma ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู…ุนุงู‡ ู micro, or macrovascular Compilation ูˆู„ ู„ุงุŸ
ู‡ุณุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนุงู…ู„ู‡ู… ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงุทู„ุจู‡ุง.. Lipid profile ุŒHba1c,
Fundus exam, echo, creatinine, ca, urine alb/creat ratio, abd US

ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ 2ry or 1ry

๐Ÿชฉ2-hypertension
ุถุบุท ู…ู† ูƒุงู… ุณู†ู‡ุŸ ุงูƒุชุดูู‡ ุงุฒุงูŠุŸู…ุฏุฎู† ุงูˆ ุณูƒุฑ ุงูˆ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุŸ ู…ุงุดูŠู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸุจูŠู‚ูŠุณ ุถุบุทู‡ ุจุงู†ุชุธุงู…ุŸ ู…ุธุจุท ุงูƒู„ ูˆูˆุฒู† ูˆุฑูŠุงุถู‡ุŸ ุฌู‡ ุจุณุจุจู‡ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุนุงู…ู„ู‡ ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุฒูŠ
LT Diastolic HF, ckd, retinopathy
, Peripheral arterial disease or impotence
ุงุชุญุฌุฒ ุนู†ุงูŠู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจ HTN crisis?
ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุจุชุชุญุณู† ู…ุน ุฏูˆุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆู„ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุตุฏุน ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŸ
ู‡ู„ ููŠ ุณู† ุตุบูŠุฑ ู†ููƒุฑ ู 2ry?


๐Ÿชฉ3-Ischemic heart disease
ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงุฒุงูŠ ู‡ู„ Chest pain ู ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ูˆู„ุง ุจุงู„ุตุฏูู‡ ู ุฑูˆุชูŠู† ecg ุงูˆ ุงูŠูƒูˆ ุŸู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ู„ ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุŸ ูˆู‡ู„ ุฏุฎู„ ู‚ุณุงุทุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆู‡ู„ ุฑูƒุจ ุฏุนุงู…ู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุงู…ุชู‡ุŸ ู…ุฏุฎู† ุณูƒุฑ ุถุบุทุŸ ูˆุงุฎุฑ ุงูŠูƒูˆ ุทุงู„ุน ููŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆู‡ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ HF manifestations
As Orthopneia dyspnea PND, LL edema? AF history?

๐Ÿชฉ4-heart failure
ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงุฒุงูŠ ุŸ ู…ู† ูƒุงู… ุณู†ู‡ุŸู…ุฏุฎู† ุงูˆ ุณูƒุฑ ุงูˆ ุถุบุทุŸ ุงู„ุงูŠูƒูˆ ููŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงุนุฑุงุถ
Lt side as Orthopneia, dyspnea, dry cough
Or rt as LL edema, congested neck veins, pleural effusion?
Or low cadiac output as headache , syncope , dizziness or impotence?
ู…ุงุดูŠู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงูŠู‡ุŸูˆู‡ู„ ููŠู‡ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ููŠ ุดุฑุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุงูˆ ุฑูุฑูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŸ
ุฑุงุญ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุจ acute decompensation ูˆู„ ู„ุฃุŸ
ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ูŠ stage of HF ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนู‡ุŸ
ู…ุธุจุท ูˆุฒู† ูˆุงูƒู„ ูˆู„ ู„ุฃ.
ู„ูˆ ุงุชุญุฌุฒ ูŠุชุญุท ุน negative balance
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ Urine

๐Ÿชฉ5-Atrial fibrillation
ุงูƒุชุดูู‡ ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ ู…ู† ุงู…ุชู‡ุŸ ู…ุงุดูŠู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ุนู…ู„ ablation ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ุŸ ุจุชุฌูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุงูƒ ูƒู„ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆุงุฎุฑ ู…ุฑู‡ ุงู…ุชู‡ุŸ ู…ุนุงู‡
HTN or HF or anemia or hyperthyroidism or smoker or after infection ?
ุจุชุฌูŠู„ู‡ ู ุตูˆุฑู‡ ุงูŠู‡
Palpitations or chest pain or dyspnea ุŸ
ุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆู‡ู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ rate or rhythm control ุŸ
ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู„ู‡ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆู‡ู„ ุจุชุชุญุณู† 100 ูชู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุŸ
ุงุฎุฑ ุงูŠูƒูˆ ููŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ูˆู‡ู„ ู…ุน af ุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง BBB ุงูˆ WPWุŸ
ูˆู‡ู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ anticoagulant ูˆู„ ู„ุฃ ุŸุฑุงุญ ุจุณุจุจู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุจุงู„ ูˆู„ ู„ุฃุŸ
ุดุฑุญ

๐Ÿชฉ6-chronic kidney disease
ุงูƒุชุดูู‡ุง ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ ู…ู† ูƒุงู… ุณู†ู‡ุŸ
Precipitating factors as uti, NSAIDS,iv contrast, Family history of polycystic kidney?

Baseline creatinine?
ุงู„ุณูˆู†ุงุฑ ู…ุทู„ุน ุงูŠู‡ ุน ูƒู„ู‰ ุŸ
Ca profile?
Albumin creat ratio?
Fundus?
ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ู„ ckd
ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุงุฑูƒุงู„- ูˆุงู† ุงู„ูุง -
ุงูˆุจุชุงู…ู†ุณ - ุงุจุฑูƒุณ- ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ุจูŠูƒุงุฑุจ
ุบุณู„ุŸ ุฌุงูŠ ุจุฃุนุฑุงุถ Uremic ูˆู„ ู„ุฃุŸ
ุฒูŠ anorexia, hicough,
Vomiting, oliguria, epigastric or localized chest pain?
ูˆู‡ู„ dehydrated?
ุงุญุณุจู„ู‡ eGFR

๐Ÿชฉ7- liver cirrhosis
Cause"as HCV +ve or cardiac"?
If HCV +ve treated? pcr ?
-What ongoing treatments
Patient had?
-Cirrhotic on ultrasound?
-Compensated or not?
Cellular or vascular decompensation?
ุจุฐู„ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ diagnostic or therapeutic?
ุฏุฎู„ ู…ู†ุงุธูŠุฑ ูˆุฑุจุท ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆุงุฎุฑ ู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ุฃู…ุชู‡ุŸูˆู‡ู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณูƒู†ุงุช ุงูˆ ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ุณูŠูˆู„ู‡ ุงูˆ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุฌุฑุซูˆู…ู‡ ู…ุนุฏู‡ ุŸ
ุฌุงู„ู‡ haematemesis or melena ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ุŸ
ู…ุนุงู‡ weight loss?
ู…ู†ุชุธู… ุน salt, water restriction ุŸ
ูˆู…ู†ุชุธู… ุน diureticsุŸ
ุชูˆู‡ ูˆุงูŠุฏู‡ ุงุชุฑุนุดุช ูˆุงุชุญุฌุฒ ุจุณุจุจู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ hepatic encephalopathy ?
ุฌุงูŠ ุจ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ุงุตูุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุงุชุญุฌุฒ ุฒู…ุงู† ุจุณุจุจ ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ ูƒุจุฏุŸ
ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจู„ู‡ุงุฑุณูŠุงุŸ ุงูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฏูˆุง
Hepatotoxic?
ุงุฎุฑ ุณูˆู†ุงุฑ ู…ุทู„ุน ุงูŠู‡ ุŸุนู…ู„ alpha fetoprotein ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ

๐Ÿชฉ8-anemia
ุงูƒุชุดูู‡ุง ุงุฒุงูŠ ุจุงู„ุตุฏูู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุจุงุนุฑุงุถ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฒูŠ ุฎู…ูˆู„, ุงุฑู‡ุงู‚, ู…ู† ุงู‚ู„ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ,ู†ูˆู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ,ุฏูˆุฎู‡, ุงุญุณุงุณ ุจุถุฑุจุงุช, ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ,ู†ู‡ุฌุงู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุชู‡ุŸ ู…ุนุงู‡ cbc ุฒู…ุงู†ุŸ ู†ู‚ู„ ุฏู…ุŸ ู†ูˆุนู‡ุง microcytic or normo or macro?
ููŠู‡ ุงูŠ ู†ุฒูŠู ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠุŸ ู†ู‚ู„ุช ุฏู… ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ
Chronic bleeding as menorrhagia or peptic ulcer ุŸ
ุฏุฎู„ ู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ุงูˆ ุนู…ู„ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุญุซุง ุนู† ุงู„ุณุจุจุŸ
ููŠ ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุฑุงุซูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู„ู‡?
ู…ุนุงู‡ weight loss or anorexia ุŸ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุฏู… ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ุงูˆ ู„ุง ุŸ

๐Ÿชฉ9-COPD
ู„ูˆ ุฑุงุฌู„ :ู…ุฏุฎู†ุŸ ูƒุงู… ุณูŠุฌุงุฑู‡ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ู…ู† ูƒุงู… ุณู†ู‡ุŸ
ู„ูˆ ุณุช : ูƒู†ุชูŠ ุจุชุฎุจุฒูŠ ู ูุฑู† ุจู„ุฏูŠ ุฒู…ุงู†ุŸ
ูˆุนู…ูˆู…ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆุงุฎุฑ Attack ุงู…ุชุงุŸ
ูˆู‡ู„ ุงุชุญุฌุฒ ุจุณุจุจู‡ุง ู ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ุŸ


๐Ÿชฉ10-asthma
ู…ู† ูˆู‡ูˆ ุตุบูŠุฑุŸ ูˆู„ุง ู„ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑุŸ ู‡ู„ ููŠู‡
NSAIDS or exercise induced asthma?
ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฎุงุฎู‡ ูˆุนู„ุงุฌ ุฃู‚ุฑุงุตุŸ
ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุŸ
ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„PPF ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุนุทูˆุฑุŒ ุญุจูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ ูˆุฌูˆ ุงู„ุฑุจูŠุนุŒ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุŸ
ุจุชุฌูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุงูƒ ูƒู„ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ุŸูˆู‡ู„ ุงุชุญุฌุฒ ู ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุจ exacerbation ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ุŸ
ูˆุงู†ู‡ูŠ ุจู‚ุง grade
Mild intermittent
Mild persistent
Moderate persistent
Severe
Refractory

ุดูƒุฑุง ๐Ÿ™๐Ÿฉท

KA Medical Notes โœจ

14 Nov, 00:06


Notes on obesity

๐Ÿ”ฎุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ุง :
Multifactorial chronic disease with accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous fat likely associated with numerous health conditions

๐Ÿ”ฎุณุจุจู‡ุง environmental ูˆ genetic

ูˆู…ุถุงุนูุงุชู‡ ุฒูŠ
Dm, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, depression, Obstructive sleep apnea, binge eating disorder

๐Ÿ”ฎู…ู† ุถู…ู† ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ BMI
Body mass index :

If
<18.5 >>underweight
18.5-24.9 >>ideal
25-30 >> overweight
30-35 > Grade 1 obesity
35-40 > Grade 2 obesity
>40 >> Grade 3 "morbid obesity"

๐Ÿ”ฎุงู„ุณู…ู†ู‡ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠุณุชูˆุฑูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงูŠ co-morbidity
ูˆุฒู†ูƒ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุจู…ุนุฏู„ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ู ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑุŸ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู…ุชู‡ุŸ ุญุฏ ู ุงู„ุนูŠู„ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ ูˆู…ุถุงุนูุงุชู‡ุงุŸ ู†ุธุงู…ูƒ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ ุจุชุงูƒู„ ู…ู† ุจุฑู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŸ ุงุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถู‡ุŸ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู†ูุณูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฆุงุจุŸ
ูˆู†ู‚ูŠุณ BMI
ูˆุชุดูˆู ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ู ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู„ุงู† ุงู„
Central obesity carry more risk than Peripheral one

๐Ÿ”ฎู‡ุชุทู„ุจ ู„ู‡
Lipid profile, Hba1c, Bl.P measure, Homa IR, TSH
ูƒู„ ุฏู‡ ุทู„ุน ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูˆุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุนุงู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุชูุณุฑู‡ุŸ
ุงุณุงู„ ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠุฒูˆู† ุŒู…ุด ุจูŠุงุฎุฏุŸ ุงุทู„ุจ s.cortisole
ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุนุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุทู„ุจ ACTH
ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆู cushing

๐Ÿ”ฎูƒ Managment ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฐุง ู…ุญูˆุฑ

๐ŸŽ—ุงูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุงูƒู„ :
ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุธุจุท ุงู„ุงูƒู„ุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงูŠ ุงูƒู„ ููŠู‡ ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ูˆุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุนู„ุจู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุงุช ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ู…ู† ุจุฑุฉ ูˆู†ุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠุงู ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูุงูƒู‡ู‡ ุŒ ูˆูŠุงูƒู„ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุนูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุชุธู…ู‡ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงุŒ ูˆู…ูŠุงูƒู„ุด ูˆูŠู†ุงู…ุŒ ู…ุน ู‚ูŠุงุณ ูˆุฒู† ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠ

๐ŸŽ—ุซุงู†ูŠุง :ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถู‡
ุงู†ุตุญู‡ ุจุฑูŠุงุถู‡ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ูˆุฏูŠู‡ American recommendation

150 minutes weekly of moderate intensity
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุดูŠ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ู„ู…ุฏู‡ 5 ุงูŠุงู…

75 minutes weekly of vigorous activity
ู…ู† ุฌุฑุฆ ุจุทุฆ ุงูˆ ุณุจุงุญุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง

ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู…ู„ุญูˆุธู‡ ุนุฌุจุชู†ูŠ ุฌุฏุง๐Ÿช„๐Ÿช„
ุงู† ุชุธุจูŠุท ุงู„ุงูƒู„ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„

๐ŸŽ—ุซุงู„ุซุง :ุชุฑุงุฌุน ุงูŠ ุฏูˆุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠุณุจุจ ุฒูŠุงุฏู‡ ูˆุฒู† ุฒูŠ
Steroid
Oral contraceptive pills
Insulin - Sulphonulurea
Propranolol - metoprolol
Antidepressants -Anti psychotics
Carbamazepine - gabapentin

๐ŸŽ—ุฑุงุจุนุง ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ูƒุนู„ุงุฌ
ููŠู‡ ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ FDA approved
ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูƒุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
ุงูˆู„ุง orlistat
ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุง Orly or orlistat
ุจุฌุฑุนู‡ 60 ู…ุฌู… ูƒู„ 8 ุณุงุนุงุช
ูŠู†ุตุญ ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„Hypertriglyceridemia ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูƒู„ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠุงู ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‡

ุฏูˆุง ุชุงู†ูŠ Liraglutide
ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุง saxenda
ู…ู† ูƒู„ุงุณ GLP1 agonist
ู‚ู„ู…ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุฏูˆุง ุณูƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ
ูˆุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠู†ุตุญ ุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ู ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„obese ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู†ูุณูŠุฉ
ุฌุฑุนู‡ 0.6 ู…ุฌู… ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ูˆุชุฒูˆุฏ 0.6 ูƒู„ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ูˆุงุฎุฑูƒ 3 ู…ุฌู…
ูˆุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ LDL ุนุงู„ูŠ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ statin

๐ŸŽ—ุฎุงู…ุณุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช
ุงู…ุชู‡ ูŠุฌูŠู„ู‡ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุณู…ู†ู‡ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุฎู„ุงุต ูƒุฏู‡ ู„ุงุฒู…ูƒ ุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ
ุญุงุฌู‡ ู…ู† 2
ูŠุง ุงู…ุง BMI ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 40
ุงูˆ
ุจูŠู† 35 ูˆ 40 ุจุณ ุดุฑุท ูŠุญุตู„ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ุน ุงู„ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงู„ุณู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุญุณู†ุด ุนู„ู‰
Lifestyle modification ยฑdrugs

ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑุทูŠู† ูŠูƒููŠ
ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุณู…ู†ู‡ ุงูˆ
Bariatric surgeries?

Sleeve gastrectomy ุชูƒู…ูŠู…
vs
Roux-en Y ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู…ุณุงุฑ
ูˆููŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุฏุจูŠุณ

ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…

๐Ÿ’Žุงู„ุชูƒู…ูŠู… ุจุชุชุนู…ู„ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ูˆุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 15ูช ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ููŠ ุณู†ู‡
-ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒู‡: ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงู‚ู„ ูƒ malabsorption
-ุงู„ุนูŠุจ:ุงู‚ู„ ูƒูุงุกุฉ ููŠ ุชู†ุฒูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุญุตู„ู‡ู… GERD

๐Ÿ’Žุงู…ุง ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑ
ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุนู‚ุฏู‡ ูˆู„ูƒู† reversible ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฑุฌุน ู…ุณุงุฑ GIT ู„ุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ุญุจูŠุช
ุจุชูู‚ุฏ 30ูช ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ููŠ ุณู†ู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูˆููŠู‡ ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู†ุชูƒุงุณุฉ..
ุชูุถู„ู‡ุง ู ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„obese lines ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู‡ ู…ุด ุธุจุทุช ู…ุนุงู‡ุŒ
-ู…ูŠุฒุงุช : ูุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ู
Reduce, sustain weight loss
ูˆ ูุฑุตุฉ GERD ุงู‚ู„
-ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ : malabsorption ู…ุญุชุฑู…
ู„ Vit b1, b12, vit d
ูˆ iron ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† albumin ูˆ
Dumping syndrome
ุฏู‡ ุบูŠุฑ anastomois ulceration

๐Ÿ”ฎูˆุฏูŠู‡ Guidelines for overweight
ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ ู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุจุจ


ูˆุดูƒุฑุง ๐Ÿ’–๐Ÿ’–

KA Medical Notes โœจ

14 Nov, 00:01


ูƒุชุงุจ ุจุงุทู†ู‡ highly recommended ุจุงุญุฏุซ guidelines๐Ÿ‘†

KA Medical Notes โœจ

13 Nov, 10:38


Sickle cell crisis โœจ

KA Medical Notes โœจ

06 Nov, 14:33


Random notes 49


1-most common 1ry site to cause metastasis in pituitary is
Breast then lung

2-ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† weight loss ูˆ cachexia ุŸ
Wt loss "reduced fat"
Cachexia "reduced muscle bulk "

3-ุงูŠู‡ ุงุณุจุงุจ ู ุงู„ุทุจ ุชุนู„ูŠ ุงู„s.prolactin ูˆุชูˆุทูŠ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„pituitary hormones ุฒูŠ
Tsh acth fsh LH GH ุŸ

ุงูˆู„ ุณุจุจ prolactinoma
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุจุฑูˆู„ุงูƒุชูŠู† ู ุงู„ุบุฏู‡ ุงู„ู†ุฎุงู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒุจุฑ ูˆุชุถุบุท ุน ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุช atrophy ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง

ุชุงู†ูŠ ุณุจุจ ู‡ูŠ ุญุงุฌู‡ ุถุงุบุทู‡ ุน
Pituitary stalk
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู† hypothalamus, pituitary
ุŒุทูŠุจ ู…ุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุถุบุทู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ุงุดู…ุนู†ุง ุงู„Prolactin ู‡ูˆ ุจุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู„ู‰ุŸ
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุฒู„ู‡
Only Inhibitory hormone
ู…ู† hypothalamus
ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู†ุงุฒู„ู‡ stimulatory

ุชุงู„ุช ุณุจุจ 1ry Hypothyroidism
ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฒูˆุฏ TRH
As it considered prolactin-stimulatory hormone

ุฑุงุจุน ุณุจุจ antipsychotic
Through reducing dopamine

ุฎุงู…ุณ ุณุจุจ hypothalamic infiltration

ุณุงุฏุณุง empty Sella tursica

ู‡ู†ุทู„ุจ mri on Sella tursica
ูˆู†ุดูˆู pituitary hormones level

4- ู„ูˆ ู…ุนุงูƒ ุนูŠุงู† ุณูƒุฑ ุจุณ ุณูƒุฑุงุชู‡ ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ุฌุฏุง ุจุดูƒู„ chronic (ู…ุด ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑูุนุฉ ุงู„acute ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† dka)
ูˆุณูƒุฑุงุชู‡ ู…ุด ุฑุงุถูŠู‡ ุชุชุธุจุท ุจุฑุบู… ุฑูุน ุฌุฑุนุงุช ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุŒุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ููƒุฑ ู cushing ุŒ ู‡ู†ุณุงู„ ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุญุงุฌู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠุฒูˆู†ุŸ ู„ูˆ ู…ุด ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู†ุณุญุจ ุงู„ุตุจุญ ุจุฏุฑูŠ s.AcTH
ูˆ
S. Cortisol levels
ุงูŠู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฏู‡ุŸ
Sepsis ุจู‚ุงู„ู‡ ูุชุฑู‡


5-๐ŸชญุงูŠู‡ scenarios ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู ุงู„ุทุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุณุชุฏุนูŠ ุงุตูˆู… ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุงุŸ

1}ุงูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู‚ู„ 6 ุณุงุนุงุช
2}ุงูŠ ุณูˆู†ุงุฑ ุจุทู† ุตูŠุงู… 6 ุณุงุนุงุช
3} lipid profile ูŠุตูˆู… 12 ุณุงุนู‡
4}fasting blood glucose 8-10 hour
5} s.testosterone> fast 12 hour before test
6} 24 hour urine osmolality test > fast 12-14 hour from water

๐Ÿชญุทุจ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุตุจุญ ุจุฏุฑูŠ
S.cortisole
S.ACTH
S.testosterone
Albumin /creatinine ratio

๐Ÿชญุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ู ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุนูŠู† ู ุดู‡ุฑุŸ
"Fsh LH", done 2-5 days after onset of period bleeding

๐Ÿชญุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุจูŠุชุณุญุจ 12 ู†ุต ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŸ
Salivary cortisole

6-scleroderma manifestations

7-ู„ูˆ 2ry hypothyroidism ูˆู‡ุชุนูˆุถ ุจ
L Thyroxine
ู‡ุชุฏูŠ
1.6 mcg /kg
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 100 mcg ู ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
ุทูŠุจ ู†ุชุงุจุน ุจ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
Clinically, keep Ft4 at high normal


8-ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ูƒ ุนูŠุงู† hypotension, hypoglycemia ุจู†ููƒุฑ ู Addison ุจุณ ุฏู‡ ุนุงุฏู‡ Na ุนุงู„ูŠุŒ ุทุจ ูˆุงูุฑุถ ู„ู‚ูŠุช Na ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุŸ
ููƒุฑ ู hypopituitrism

ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุณุญุจ
S.cortisole - s.ACTH
ู„ูˆ ุงู„2 ู‚ู„ูŠู„ูŠู† ุงุนู…ู„ mri ูˆ
Pituitary hormones profile
ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠุฒูˆู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆ acth ุนุงู„ูŠ
ุงุนู…ู„
Ct abdomen with Contrast with suprarenal protocol,, likely Addison disease

9-ู…ุด ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุนุงู„ูŠ ู chronic kidney disease ุŒู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุนุงุฏูŠุŒ ู„ุฃุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุชูุณุฑ ุงู‡ ู…ู† stage 4 ุงูˆ 5 ูƒ eGFR
ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง egfr 55 ูŠุนู†ูŠ stage 3A
ุฏู‡ ู…ูŠูุณุฑุด Hyperkalemia ุŒู„ุงุฒู… ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุน ุณุจุจ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ
aki ุงูˆ
Renal tubular acidosis type 4 ุงูˆ
On k sparing diuretic

10- ู„ูˆ ุฌุงู„ูƒ ุนูŠุงู† ูˆุธุงุฆู ูƒู„ู‰ ุจุชุฑูุน ูˆู…ุนุงู‡ุง hypokalemia ุชููƒุฑ
ู renal tubular acidosis
ูˆุฏูŠู‡ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน

ู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ู…ุน aki ู‡ูˆ Hyperkalemia

11-ู‡ู„ ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู…ุณุงูƒ ู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ ุนู„ู…ูŠุง constipationุŸ
ู„ุฃ ุŒ ููŠู‡ criteria ู„ ุฏู‡
ู…ุญุชุงุฌ 2 ู…ู† ุงู„6 ู†ู‚ุท ุงู„ุฌุงูŠู‡ ุฏูŠู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุญู‚ู‚ู‡ ู ุงุฎุฑ 6 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุฎุต constipation :-
-Fewer than three spontaneous bowel movements per week

-Straining for more than 25% of defecation attempts

-Lumpy or hard stools for at least 25% of defecation attempts

-Sensation of anorectal obstruction or blockage for at least 25% of defecation attempts

-Sensation of incomplete defecation for at least 25% of defecation attempts

-Manual maneuvering required to defecate for at least 25% of defecation attempts
ูˆุฏู‡ ู„ูŠู†ูƒ ุชูุตูŠู„ูŠ ู„ constipation

12-ุงูŠ ุนูŠุงู† ู‡ูŠุชุนู…ู„ู‡
distal pancreatectomy
ุจู†ุณุจู‡ ูƒุจูŠุฑู‡ ุฌุฏุงุงุงุงุง ู‡ูŠุฌูŠู„ู‡ Diabetes 2ry
ุทุจ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ
ุนุดุงู† ุฏู‡ ู…ูƒุงู† beta cells ุงุตู„ุง
ูˆุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ุงุฑูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุชุถุฑุจ ููŠู‡ุง
Distal pancreas
ุฒูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุงุฒุงู„ู‡ ูˆุฑู… ุญู…ูŠุฏ ุงูˆ ุฎุจูŠุซ ุงูˆ cyst ุงูˆ chronic pancreatitis ุงูˆ trauma

13-ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุงุฎุฏ ู‚ุฑุงุฑ renal biobsy ุŸ
1-Lupus, vasculitis patient
2-Unexplained severe proteinuria
3-nephropathy without Retinopathy in diabetic
4-Unexplained haematuria
5-Unexplained persisted Aki


14-ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุงู‚ุฑุฑ ุงุนู…ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู†
Nephrectomy?

1- trauma, severe damage.
2-chronic pyelonephritis cause severe CKD with recurrent infections, aki.
3-kidney cancer
4-polycystic kidney only in:- intolerable pain, severe reuccurent hemorrhage, malignancy risk, very low uptake in isotope scan.

15-ุฑุงุฌุน ุงู‡ู… scores, criteria
ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง

ุดูƒุฑุง ๐Ÿฅฐ

KA Medical Notes โœจ

31 Oct, 21:28


When liver cirrhosis patient present with acute kidney injury

KA Medical Notes โœจ

24 Oct, 19:06


random notes 48

1-ุนูŠุงู† hypokalemia
ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุจุชุงุนู‡ 2.7 ู†ุนูˆุถ ุจ ูƒุงู… ุงู…ุจูˆู„ุŸ

1-Potassium Deficit:
Potassium Deficit =100ร—(3.5โˆ’2.7)=80

2-Calculate Ampoules:
number of Ampoules =80 \ 20 =4 ampoules
ุชูˆุตู„ูƒ ู„ 3.5

ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุงู…ุจูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ 20 meq

2- Features that suggest malignancy in an adrenal tumor are
size larger than 6 cm, heterogeneity,
calcifications, irregular borders, local invasion, lymphadenopathy, decreased lipid content
(Hounsfield units greater than twenty , or elevated levels of serum androgens or urinary or plasma
dopamine.

3-
๐Ÿ†A prolactin level greater than 200 ng/mL almost always indicates a prolactin-secreting tumor, except
during late pregnancy

๐Ÿ†Testosterone level above 200 ng/dl is likely testosterone secreting tumor

๐Ÿ†Alkaline phosphatase above 1000 diagnostic for Pagets disease


4-ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุชุดูƒ ููŠ ูˆุฑู… ููŠ parathyroid gland?
Of PTH >1000
ุงูˆ ุชูˆุชุงู„ ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ููˆู‚12
ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ neck us ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงูุถู„ ุจู‚ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุชุงุญ
>> Tech99 sestamibi parathyroid scan

5-ู„ูˆ ุฌุงู„ูƒ ุนูŠุงู† bilateral Lower limb edema ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ ู‡ูŠุณุชูˆุฑูŠ ุนุงุฏูŠ ูˆุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุณุชุจุนุฏ

Renal failure, Protein in urine (s.creat, 24 H urine protein collection )

liver Cirrhosis (coarse liver on ultrasound, etc. )

heart failure (Rt side ) > ECHO

Hypothyroid (TSH )

Low albumin

Filariasis(Non pitting massive edema )

Inguinal lymphadenitis (infection, malignancy )

IVC , thoracic duct compression
..


6-ุงู„ pituitary tumor
ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุญุฌู… ู…ุนูŠู† ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู†ูˆุนุŒ ู…ุซู„ุง
TRH adenoma(>tsh) , CRH (>FSH, LH) secreting tumor usually large

Unlike ACTH adenoma (>cortisol)usually small size

7-Toxic thyroid adenomas are rarely cancerous

8- serum cortisol ุชุญู„ูŠู„
ุจูŠุชุณุญุจ 8 ุงู„ุตุจุญ

ุงู…ุง ุชุญู„ูŠู„ salivary cortisol
ุจูŠุชุณุญุจ 11 ุจู„ูŠู„

9-ููƒุฑู‡ ุฎู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ุชู„ูŠู ูƒุจุฏ ุงุชุฎุจุท ุงูˆ ุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฏุซู‡ ูˆู„ูˆ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุณู‡ู„ ูŠุฌู…ุน hematoma ู ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฎุจุทู‡ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ู…ุดูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ anticoagulantุŒ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูˆ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ
Auto-coagulated
Due to bleeding tendency in hepatic patient generally
ุจู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุญุตู„ spontaneous ูƒู…ุงู†!

10- ุงูˆู„ุง ุนุงูŠุฒูŠู† ู†ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† 3 ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช
Acute cough :last <3 Weeks
Persistent cough : 3-8 W
Chronic cough : >8 w

ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† persistent cough ู„ุงู† ุฏู‡ ุจูŠู‚ุชุจู„ู†ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆุจู†ุนุทู„ ููŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠู‡
ูŠู‚ู„ูƒ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒุญู‡ ุฌุงูู‡ ุจู‚ุงู„ู‡ุง ุดู‡ุฑ ูˆู†ุต ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู…ุจุชุฑูˆุญุด ูˆุฎุฏุช ูƒู„ ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒุญู‡.
How to approach ?

Exclude smoking or ACEI intake
or GERD or postnasal drip or asthma
ุทุจ ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุชุนุงู„ุฌ ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจ
Antacid or salbovent or telfast respectively
ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ููŠุด ุชุญุณู†ุŸ
ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ููƒุฑ ู ุญุงุฌู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
Non-asthmatic eosinopholic bronchitis
ูˆู‡ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุจุฎุงุฎู‡ beclosone
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ูƒุญู‡ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑู‡ุŸ
Gaptin 100 mg tab once daily
+
>> barium swallow - PH esophageal monitoring - HRCT chest

11-DD dyspnea with wheezes?

Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Pulmonary hypertension
Lymphangitis carcinomatosis
2ry to malignancy (as breast lung gastric)
Foreign body aspiration
HFpEF
- Long covid syndrome - interstitial lung disease

ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ุฌ ูˆ ct chest ูƒูˆูŠุณู‡ ุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
Pulmonary embolism
Anemia
Metabolic acidosis



12- ุฃู…ุชู‡ ูŠุจู‚ุง ู…ุนุงูƒ MI like presentation ูˆุชููƒุฑ ู
Aortic dissection?
ุงูˆู„ุง ู„ูˆ inferior wall st elevation in ecg (II-III - AVF)
ุงุดู…ุนู†ุงุŸ
ุนุดุงู† ู…ุนุธู… article dissection ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู rt anterior aspect of ascending aorta
Near origin of Rt coronary artery which supplies inferior wall
ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ radiates to back
ูˆู…ุถุงุนูุงุชู‡ุŸ
Rupture into body cavity โ€“ intra-abdominal, haemothorax, haemopericardium
Occlusion of branches โ€“ causing stroke, spinal cord ischaemia, limb ischaemia, myocardial ischaemic
Aortic regurgitation due to disruption of the aortic root structure..

13-ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ doppler ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุฏู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠู‚ุนุฏ ุงุณุจูˆุน ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ู…ุด ู…ุฑูƒุจ ูƒุงู†ูŠูˆู„ุง ู ุฏุฑุงุน ุฏู‡

14- ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„work up ู„ุนูŠุงู† polyurea ู†ุณุญุจ
24 Hour urine osmolality test
ูŠุฌู…ุน ุจูˆู„ 24 ุณุงุนู‡ ูˆูŠุตูˆู… ุงุฎุฑ 12 ุณุงุนู‡ ูˆู†ุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุงุฎุฑ ูƒูŠุณ ู…ุชุฌู…ุน.

15-ู‡ุชูุฑู‚ ู…ุนุงูƒ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ
Rectal cancer from colon cancer?
ุงู‡ ุชูุฑู‚ ุฌุฏุง ุŒ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ
-Colon cancer drained venously by portal vein
-Rectal cancer drained by IVC
ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูุฑู‚ ู ู…ูƒุงู† metastasis
ูˆุญุงุฌู‡ ูƒู…ุงู†ุŒ presentation ู…ุฎุชู„ู
Rectal present with bleeding per rectum
But colon present with weight loss or microcytic anemia in absence of hemorrhage or chronic constipation in elder

16- ุฏู‡ ู„ูŠู†ูƒ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุชู‚ุฑุง ุนู†
palliative care

ุดูƒุฑุง โค๏ธ๐Ÿซก

KA Medical Notes โœจ

24 Oct, 18:57


Orthostatic hypotension
ู†ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุงุฒุงูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ุŸ

ูˆุฏู‡ ุชุนุฑูŠูู‡
sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing from a sitting or supine position. Clinically, this is diagnosed by a sustained reduction in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of 10 mmHg within three minutes of standing after being supine

KA Medical Notes โœจ

22 Oct, 13:45


ุณูƒูˆุฑ ู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุญุงุฌู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง HFpEF
: heart failure preserved ejection fraction
ุจุชุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู†ู‚ุท ูˆุจูŠุฏูŠูƒ ุชุญุช ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
ูˆุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจู‡ ุงู„ejection fraction ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุจู‚ุง
ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ ุงูˆ ููˆู‚ 40ูช ุนู…ูˆู…ุง

ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ HFrEF
Heart failure reduced ejection fraction
ุฏู‡ ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 40ูช

~Detailed HF guidelines"American heart association"
~GIF for reduced Left ventricular systolic function.
~overview video on HFpEF

KA Medical Notes โœจ

17 Oct, 20:13


Treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia" HAP"

HAP is pneumonia developed after hospital admission with 48 hour

KA Medical Notes โœจ

17 Oct, 20:12


Latest update on Treatment of community acquired pneumonia "CAP"


Is pneumonia Developed before hospital admission or after admission with less than 48 hours

KA Medical Notes โœจ

06 Oct, 20:45


Random notes 47


1-A prolactin level greater than 200 ng/mL almost always indicates a prolactin-secreting tumor, except
during late pregnancy

2-ู‡ูˆ ูŠู†ูุน ุงู„malignancy
ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„troponinุŸ
ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจู‡ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุญุงู„ muscle invasion
Or sarcoma as 1ry

2-ู„ูˆ ุนุงูŠุฒ ุชุณุชุจุนุฏ pericardial effusion ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆู…ุด ู…ุชุงุญ ุญุงู„ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆ ุŸ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„. Ct chest ูˆู‡ูŠุจุงู† ููŠู‡ุง
Pericardial effusion
ุฒูŠ ู‡ู†ุง

3-ุฃู…ุชู‡ ูŠุงู‚ุงุจู„ูƒ ู ุงู„ุงุดุนู‡ ุณูˆุงุก ุณูˆู†ุงุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ู‚ุทุนูŠู‡ ุŒูŠู‚ุงุจู„ูƒ LN ูˆุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง pathological ูˆุงุจุชุฏูŠ ุงุฏูˆุฑ ู
Malignancy, TB. Viral ู…ุซู„ุง ุŸ
ุญุณุจ ุญุฌู… ูˆู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„LN
ู…ุซู„ุง
Neck, axillary 1 cm ุจุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ
Supraclavicular LN 0.5 cm
Inguinal 1.5 cm
Abdominal, mediastinal 1cm
Occipital LN 1cm

4- Contraindictions of Ryle(nasogastric tube )

1-} basal skull fracture or facial fracture

2-} esophageal stricture (post-corrosive )

3-} high risk varices on endoscopy

4-} recent esophageal varices banding ุฑุจุท ุฏูˆุงู„ูŠ
..

5-ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† hallucinations ูˆ
Delusions?
ุงู„ู‡ู„ูˆุณู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ูŠ ุงุดูˆู ุงูˆ ุงุณู…ุน ุงูˆ ุงุดู… ุญุงุฌู‡ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡

ุงู…ุง delusion
ู‡ูŠ fixed false belief. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููƒุฑู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†ู‡ ู…ุชูˆู‡ู…ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูˆุซุงุจุชู‡ ู„ูˆ ุณุงู„ุชู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุดู‡ุฑ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุนุชู‚ุฏ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏุŒ ูŠู‚ู„ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงูŠุดูŠู† ู ุนุงู… 1900 ู… ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆูŠูุถู„ ู…ู‚ุชู†ุน ุจ ุฏู‡

6-ููŠ ecg
ุงุฒุงูŠ ุชุนุฑู ุงู† q wave ุฏูŠู‡ pathological ุŸ
ุงูˆู„ุง ุงูŠ q wave ููŠv2, v3
ุงูˆ
ุนุฑุถ >ู…ุฑุจุน ุตุบูŠุฑ
Q wave
ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงูˆ amplitude ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฑุจุน ุทูˆู„ ุงู„R wave ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ r 6 ู…ุฑุจุนุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุทูˆู„ ูˆู„ู‚ูŠุช q ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆู†ุต ููƒุฏู‡ pathologic
, pathological q denote old ischemia

7-ุงุฒุงูŠ ุชุนุฑู ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ ู ecg
Qt prolongation ุŸ
ุชุนุฏ ู…ู† ุงูˆู„ Q ุญุชู‰ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ T
ู„ูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆู†ุต ูƒุจุงุฑ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุถ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ prolonged
ูˆุฏูŠู‡ ุงุณุจุงุจู‡ุงุŸ๐Ÿ‘‡

โฌ‡๏ธca
โฌ‡๏ธK
ุงูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ ondasetrone
, ciprofluxacin

ุงูˆ ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุชุดูƒูŠ ู…ู† ุฅุบู…ุงุก ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ุงูˆ ุญุตู„
Sudden arrest"Long Qt syndrome "

8-ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ุงุดู…ู„
Thyrotoxicosis or hyperthyroidismุŸ

ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจู‡ : thyrotoxicosis
ุฏูŠู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน thyroid hormones ู ุงู„ุฏู… ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ุณูˆุฑุณ ู‡ูˆ thyroid gland secretion ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŒ

ู…ุซุงู„: Exogenous L-thyroxin
ูˆstruma ovari
thyroiditis -
ูƒู„ ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ูŠุนู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ู… thyroid hormones ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู Thyroid secretion

ุŒุงู…ุง hyperthyroidism ู‡ูŠ ูู‚ุท ุงู† ุงู„gland secrete excess thyroid hormones ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ( gland ู†ูุณู‡ุง)



9-ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„chronic metabolic acidosis" ุงูŠ ูƒุงู† ุณุจุจู‡ุง"
ุจุชุนู…ู„
Osteoporosis?
ุนุดุงู† ุจุชุนูˆุถ ุงู„acidosis ุจ
Phosphate buffer
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู‡ู… ุณูˆุฑุณ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุŒ ู ุจูŠุชุงูƒู„ ููŠู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฒู…ู† ุนุดุงู† ู†ุทู„ุน Phosphate ู†ุนูˆุถ acidosis
ููŠุญุตู„ osteoporosis

10-ู‡ูˆ ูŠู†ูุน AF ูŠุจู‚ู‰ regular ุŸ!
ูŠู†ูุน ู ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡
Complete heart block
ูƒุฏู‡ ventricle ู‡ูŠุดุชุบู„ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ regular ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุงุดุงุฑู‡ ุงู„irregular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠู‡ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ (AV block ).

11-ุชุธุจูŠุท ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู„ู„ููŠู…ูŠู„ ู‚ุจู„ ูุชุฑู‡ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ูˆุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ุง ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุงุŒ ู„ูˆ ุงุชุธุจุท ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ูุฑุตู‡ fetal malformations ู…ู†
25ูช to 3%
ุจุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู† ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุญู…ู„
gestatinal Diabetes
ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุญู…ู„ ูู‚ุท ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡ ูุฑุตุฉ 50 ูช ุงู†ู‡ ู ุฎู„ุงู„ 10 ุณู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูŠุฌูŠู„ู‡ุง ุณูƒุฑ ุชูƒู…ู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡.

12-corrected QT
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง QT segment ู ecg ู…ู† ุจุฏุงูŠู‡ q ุญุชู‰ ู†ู‡ุงูŠู‡ TุŒ ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง prolongedุŸ
ู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ุนู†
480 msec
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
ู…ุฑุจุนูŠู† ูƒุจุงุฑ ูˆู…ุฑุจุนูŠู† ุตุบูŠุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ุนุฑุถ
(Large square =200 msec or 0.2 sec
Small square =40 m sec or 0.04sec)
ุฏู‡ ู„ูˆุญุฏูŠ ูƒุงููŠ ุชุนุฑู ู‡ูŠ prolonged ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ
ุงู„ููƒุฑู‡ ู ุงู†( ููŠ ุญุงู„ tachycardia ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุณุจู‡ ุงุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุญ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุญ ุญุงู„ Bradycardia ) ูุจู†ุนู…ู„ correction
ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ู‡ ุฏูŠู‡
ุจุณ

13-ู„ู…ุง ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูŠู‚ุฑุง error ูƒุฐุง ู…ุฑู‡ ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุดุฑุงูŠุท ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ expired ู…ุด ุดุฑุท ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ

14-ู„ูˆ young female ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ู‡ุง
Lower abdominal pain ยฑback pain ู ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุดู‡ุฑูŠุง
ุชููƒุฑ ู ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
Endometriosis

15-- ู†ู‚ู„ ุฏู… ุณุฑูŠุน ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ hypocaclmeia due to citrate in packed rbcs bind to recepiant serum ca leads to hypocalcemia

16- ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณู…ุน ุดูƒูˆู‰ ุบุฑูŠุจู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุงู‡ู„ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูƒู„ ูุชุฑู‡ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุงุชุดู„ ุฎุตูˆุตุง ู„ูˆ ุดุฑุจ ุญุงุฌู‡ ู…ุณูƒุฑู‡ ุŒ ูˆ ุฑุฌุน ููƒ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุŒ ุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ู†ูˆุถุญ ุจุณ ูƒุฐุง ุญุงุฌู‡
ุงุชุดู„ ุฏูŠู‡ ุณูˆุงุก quadriparesis, paraparesis,
ูˆุจูŠููƒ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡
ููƒุฑ ู hypokalemic or Hyperkalemic
periodical paralysis

ู‡ุชุทู„ุจ
Serum k - TSH - ecg

ุทุจ ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุนุฑูู†ุง ู„ูŠู‡
ุŒ ุทุจ ู„ูŠู‡ TSH
>> thyrotoxic periodic paralysis ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ

ู„ูŠู‡ ecgุŸ
Anderson syndrome "prolonged QT interval " ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ

ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุชุดู„ ูˆุฑุฌุน ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ูˆุงุนุฑุงุถ lateralization ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุงุญูŠู‡ ูˆ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ(ุฑุฌู„ ุณู„ูŠู…ู‡ ูˆุฑุฌู„ ู„ุง) ุงูˆ ุชู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ููƒุฑ ู TIA

ูุงุถู„ ุญุงุฌู‡ ู…ุชูุณุฑุชุด.. ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุญุงุฌู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณูƒุฑู‡ุŸ
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุชุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„
Intracellular K shift > hypokalemia.

ุดูƒุฑุง โค๏ธ๐Ÿ†

KA Medical Notes โœจ

29 Sep, 20:42


ุญุงุฌู‡ ู‡ุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุงุฎุฏ history ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡

KA Medical Notes โœจ

29 Sep, 20:42


๐Ÿ€๐Ÿ€๐Ÿ€ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุจู‚ุง ุงู„analysis ุจุชุงุน ูƒู„ comorbidity


๐Ÿชฉ1-Diabetes mellitus
ุณูƒุฑุŒ ู…ู† ูƒุงู… ุณู†ู‡ุŸุงูƒุชุดูู‡ ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ ู†ูˆุน ุงูˆู„ ูˆู„ุง ุชุงู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ ุŸู…ู†ุชุธู… ูˆู„ ู„ุงุŸ ุงุฎุฑ ุชุฑุงูƒู…ูŠุŸ ุฏุฎู„ ู dka ุงูˆ Hypoglycemic coma ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู…ุนุงู‡ ู micro, or macrovascular Compilation ูˆู„ ู„ุงุŸ
ู‡ุณุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนุงู…ู„ู‡ู… ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงุทู„ุจู‡ุง.. Lipid profile ุŒHba1c,
Fundus exam, echo, creatinine, ca, urine alb/creat ratio, abd US

ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ 2ry or 1ry

๐Ÿชฉ2-hypertension
ุถุบุท ู…ู† ูƒุงู… ุณู†ู‡ุŸ ุงูƒุชุดูู‡ ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ ู…ุงุดูŠู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸุจูŠู‚ูŠุณ ุถุบุทู‡ ุจุงู†ุชุธุงู…ุŸ ู…ุธุจุท ุงูƒู„ ูˆูˆุฒู† ูˆุฑูŠุงุถู‡ุŸ ุฌู‡ ุจุณุจุจู‡ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุนุงู…ู„ู‡ ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุฒูŠ
LT Diastolic HF, ckd, retinopathy
, Peripheral arterial disease or impotence
ุงุชุญุฌุฒ ุนู†ุงูŠู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจ HTN crisis?
ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุจุชุชุญุณู† ู…ุน ุฏูˆุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆู„ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุตุฏุน ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŸ
ู‡ู„ ููŠ ุณู† ุตุบูŠุฑ ู†ููƒุฑ ู 2ry?


๐Ÿชฉ3-Ischemic heart disease
ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงุฒุงูŠ ู‡ู„ Chest pain ู ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ูˆู„ุง ุจุงู„ุตุฏูู‡ ู ุฑูˆุชูŠู† ecg ุงูˆ ุงูŠูƒูˆ ุŸู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ู„ ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุŸ ูˆู‡ู„ ุฏุฎู„ ู‚ุณุงุทุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆู‡ู„ ุฑูƒุจ ุฏุนุงู…ู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุงู…ุชู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุฎุฑ ุงูŠูƒูˆ ุทุงู„ุน ููŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆู‡ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ HF manifestations
As Orthopneia dyspnea PND, LL edema? AF history?

๐Ÿชฉ4-heart failure
ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงุฒุงูŠ ุŸ ู…ู† ูƒุงู… ุณู†ู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุงูŠูƒูˆ ููŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงุนุฑุงุถ
Lt side as Orthopneia, dyspnea, dry cough
Or rt as LL edema, congested neck veins, pleural effusion?
ู…ุงุดูŠู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ุฑุงุญ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุจ acute decompensation ูˆู„ ู„ุฃุŸ
ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ูŠ stage of HF ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนู‡ุŸ
ู…ุธุจุท ูˆุฒู† ูˆุงูƒู„ ูˆู„ ู„ุฃ.
ู„ูˆ ุงุชุญุฌุฒ ูŠุชุญุท ุน negative balance
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ Urine

๐Ÿชฉ5-Atrial fibrillation
ุงูƒุชุดูู‡ ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ ู…ู† ุงู…ุชู‡ุŸ ู…ุงุดูŠู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ุนู…ู„ ablation ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ุŸ ุจุชุฌูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุงูƒ ูƒู„ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆุงุฎุฑ ู…ุฑู‡ ุงู…ุชู‡ุŸ ู…ุนุงู‡
HTN or HF or anemia or hyperthyroidism or smoker or after infection ?
ุจุชุฌูŠู„ู‡ ู ุตูˆุฑู‡ ุงูŠู‡
Palpitations or chest pain or dyspnea ุŸ
ุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆู‡ู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ rate or rhythm control ุŸ
ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู„ู‡ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆู‡ู„ ุจุชุชุญุณู† 100 ูชู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุŸ
ุงุฎุฑ ุงูŠูƒูˆ ููŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ูˆู‡ู„ ู…ุน af ุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง BBB ุงูˆ WPWุŸ
ูˆู‡ู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ anticoagulant ูˆู„ ู„ุฃ ุŸุฑุงุญ ุจุณุจุจู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุจุงู„ ูˆู„ ู„ุฃุŸ
ุดุฑุญ

๐Ÿชฉ6-chronic kidney disease
ุงูƒุชุดูู‡ุง ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ ู…ู† ูƒุงู… ุณู†ู‡ุŸ
Precipitating factors as uti, NSAIDS,iv contrast, Family history of polycystic kidney?

Baseline creatinine?
ุงู„ุณูˆู†ุงุฑ ู…ุทู„ุน ุงูŠู‡ ุน ูƒู„ู‰ ุŸ
Ca profile?
Albumin creat ratio?
Fundus?
ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ู„ ckd
ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุงุฑูƒุงู„- ูˆุงู† ุงู„ูุง -
ุงูˆุจุชุงู…ู†ุณ - ุงุจุฑูƒุณ- ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ุจูŠูƒุงุฑุจ
ุบุณู„ุŸ ุฌุงูŠ ุจุฃุนุฑุงุถ Uremic ูˆู„ ู„ุฃุŸ
ุฒูŠ anorexia, hicough,
Vomiting, oliguria, epigastric or localized chest pain?
ูˆู‡ู„ dehydrated?
ุงุญุณุจู„ู‡ eGFR

๐Ÿชฉ7- liver cirrhosis
Cause"as HCV +ve or cardiac"?
If HCV +ve treated?
-What ongoing treatments
Patient had?
-Cirrhotic on ultrasound?
-Compensated or not?
Cellular or vascular decompensation?
ุจุฐู„ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ diagnostic or therapeutic?
ุฏุฎู„ ู…ู†ุงุธูŠุฑ ูˆุฑุจุท ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆุงุฎุฑ ู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ุฃู…ุชู‡ุŸ
ุฌุงู„ู‡ haematemesis or melena ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ุŸ
ุนุงู…ู„ AFPุŸ
ู…ุนุงู‡ weight loss?
ู…ู†ุชุธู… ุน salt, water restriction ุŸ
ูˆู…ู†ุชุธู… ุน diureticsุŸ
ุชูˆู‡ ูˆุงูŠุฏู‡ ุงุชุฑุนุดุช ูˆุงุชุญุฌุฒ ุจุณุจุจู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ hepatic encephalopathy ?
ุฌุงูŠ ุจ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ุงุตูุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุงุชุญุฌุฒ ุฒู…ุงู† ุจุณู„ุจ ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ ูƒุจุฏุŸ
ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจู„ู‡ุงุฑุณูŠุงุŸ ุงูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฏูˆุง
Hepatotoxic?
ุงุฎุฑ ุณูˆู†ุงุฑ ู…ุทู„ุน ุงูŠู‡ ุŸุนู…ู„ alpha fetoprotein ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ

๐Ÿชฉ8-anemia
ุงูƒุชุดูู‡ุง ุงุฒุงูŠ ุŸ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุชู‡ุŸ ู…ุนุงู‡ cbc ุฒู…ุงู†ุŸ ู†ู‚ู„ ุฏู…ุŸ ู†ูˆุนู‡ุง microcytic or normo or macro?
ููŠู‡ ุงูŠ ู†ุฒูŠู ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠุŸ ุทูŠุจ
Chronic bleeding as menorrhagia or peptic ulcer ุŸ
ุฏุฎู„ ู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ุงูˆ ุนู…ู„ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุญุซุง ุนู† ุงู„ุณุจุจุŸ
ููŠ ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุฑุงุซูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู„ู‡?
ู…ุนุงู‡ weight loss or anorexia ุŸ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุฏู… ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ุงูˆ ู„ุง ุŸ

๐Ÿชฉ9-COPD
ู„ูˆ ุฑุงุฌู„ :ู…ุฏุฎู†ุŸ ูƒุงู… ุณูŠุฌุงุฑู‡ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ู…ู† ูƒุงู… ุณู†ู‡ุŸ
ู„ูˆ ุณุช : ูƒู†ุชูŠ ุจุชุฎุจุฒูŠ ู ูุฑู† ุจู„ุฏูŠ ุฒู…ุงู†ุŸ
ูˆุนู…ูˆู…ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆุงุฎุฑ Attack ุงู…ุชุงุŸ
ูˆู‡ู„ ุงุชุญุฌุฒ ุจุณุจุจู‡ุง ู ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ุŸ


๐Ÿชฉ10-asthma
ู…ู† ูˆู‡ูˆ ุตุบูŠุฑุŸ ูˆู„ุง ู„ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑุŸ ู‡ู„ ููŠู‡
NSAIDS or exercise induced asthma?
ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฎุงุฎู‡ ูˆุนู„ุงุฌ ุฃู‚ุฑุงุตุŸ
ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุŸ
ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„PPF ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุนุทูˆุฑุŒ ุญุจูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ ูˆุฌูˆ ุงู„ุฑุจูŠุนุŒ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุŸ
ุจุชุฌูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุงูƒ ูƒู„ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ุŸูˆู‡ู„ ุงุชุญุฌุฒ ู ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุจ exacerbation ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ุŸ
ูˆุงู†ู‡ูŠ ุจู‚ุง grade
Mild intermittent
Mild persistent
Moderate persistent
Severe
Refractory

KA Medical Notes โœจ

24 Sep, 20:07


Random notes 46

1-ุจู†ุช lupus ูˆุญุงู…ู„ุŒ ุจู‚ู„ู‚ ุน ุงู„ุทูู„ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน 18 - 24 ู„ูŠู‡ ุจู‚ุงุŸ
ุนุดุงู† ุฏู‡ ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
Conducting system of heart
ูู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ุงู… ุชุงุฎุฏ ุญุงุฌู‡ ุชุนุฏูŠ placenta ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ุฒูŠ dexamethasone
ูˆุงู„ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฌุฏุง ูŠุชูˆู„ุฏ ุจ heart block

2-ุนูŠุงู† hcv+ve with cirrhotic
ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ู‡ recurrent ascites
ุชุนู…ู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ุงูˆู„ุงู‹ ุงูƒุฏ ุนู„ู‰
Fluid, salt restriction
Titrate up diuretic dose
ู…ุชุญุณู†ุดุŸ ุงูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ cachexia ุŸ
ุชุณุญุจ afp
ูˆุชุนู…ู„
Ascitic sample analysis physical, chemical, cytological, malignant cells
ยฑElective triphasic abdomen ct

3-ุนุดุงู† ุชุงุฎุฏ consent ู…ู† ุนูŠุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุงูˆ ูŠูˆุงูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ูุญุตูƒ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุณุชูˆุนุจ ูƒู„ุงู…ูƒ ูˆูŠูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูˆุนูˆุงู‚ุจู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ุฏู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡
Mental capacity assessment
ูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠุดู…ู„ 4 ุงุณุฆู„ู‡ :
1}ability to understand
ุงุณุชูˆุนุจ ูƒู„ุงู…ูƒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ูˆู„ุง ุงู†ุช ุจุชูƒู„ู…ู‡ ุจู„ุบู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠู‡ ุงุตู„ุง๐Ÿ˜…ุงูˆ ุจุชูƒู„ู…ู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ deaf

2}about to retain
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุงุจู„ูŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุญุชูุธ ุจ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŒ ู…ุด ูŠู‚ู„ูƒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ ูˆูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ู…ุด ูุงูƒุฑ ุงู†ุช ู‚ู„ุชู„ู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงุตู„ุง

3}ability to weigh in
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ benefit, risk
ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุจู„ ุงูˆ ู…ู‚ุจู„ุด

4}ability to communicate back
ุจุงูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุจู‚ุง ูŠุจู„ุบูƒ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุชู‡ ุงูˆ ุฑูุถู‡ุŒ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุงู„ุงุดุงุฑู‡ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌู‡..

4-ู„ูˆ ุฌุงู„ูƒ ุนูŠุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ascites
ุจุณ ู…ุด hepatic
"homogenous liver in US"
ูˆู…ุด ูƒุงุฑุฏูŠุงูƒ ุณูŠุฑูˆุฒุณ ู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงูŠูƒูˆ ูุฑูŠ
ูˆ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ ูˆู…ููŠุด proteinuria ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูู‡ ู„ุงู† albumin ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ุŒ ุชููƒุฑ ู ุงูŠู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุŸ
T.B, malignancy as lymphoma, ovarian, gastric carcinoma
ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŸ ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ู‡ ู…ู† ascites
ุชุญู„ู„ู‡ุง ุจู…ุนู…ู„ ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุจุงุซูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ
For malignant cells, ADA
ูˆุนูŠู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุนุงุฏูŠ
Physical, chemical, cytological.

5-ู„ูˆ ุญุงู„ู‡ ุฏุฎู„ุช ู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ุนู„ูˆูŠ ูˆู„ู‚ูŠู†ุง
Candidiasis
ู†ุนุงู„ุฌ ุจ diflucan 100 mg ู„ู…ุฏู‡ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู„ 3
ูˆูƒุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุณุจุจุŸ
Immunosuppression (HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy, corticosteroid use)

Use of antibiotics or inhaled corticosteroids

Diabetes mellitus

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use
ูˆู†ุณุญุจ cbc ูˆ HIV ab

6- ุนุงุฏุฉ ู hypocalcemia ู…ุน ุนูŠุงู†
Chronic kidney disease
ู ุจุชุฏูŠ ca supplement ูˆ vit d
ุŒุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุชูˆุตู„ ca ู„ูƒุงู…ุŸ ุชูˆุชุงู„ 9
ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุฒูˆุฏุด ุงุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ูƒุฏู‡ ู„ู„ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ุŸ
ุนุดุงู† ู„ูˆ ู†ุงุญูŠู‡ Hypercalcemia
ู‡ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ู ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุญุตูˆุงุช ูˆู‡ูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ ูˆูŠุฑูุน ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰..

7-ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุดูƒูŠุช ู rhabdomiolysis ุจุชุทู„ุจ Total cpk enzymes
ุงู…ุง ck.mb ุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ุดุงูƒูƒ
ู Acute coronary syndrome

8-ู„ูˆ colon cancer ูˆุฌุงูŠ ุจ pain ุฏูŠู‡ ุนู„ุงู…ู‡ poor prognosis ู„ู„ู†ูˆุนุŒ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ
ู„ุงู† ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุณ ุจุงู„ูˆุฑู… ุฏู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู†ู‡ capsulated ูˆุฏูŠู‡ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุณูŠุฆู‡
ุŒู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ู„ุงุณุจุงุจ ุชุงู†ูŠู‡ ุฒูŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„ constipation or bowel distension or perforation

9-ุงูŠ ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุนุงู‡
subconjuctival hemorrhage
ูˆู…ุด ู…ุชูุณุฑู‡ ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชุฎุจุทุด ูˆ ู…ุด ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ anticoagulant or antiplatelet
ู„ุงุงุงุฒู… ูŠุชุนู…ู„ู‡ fundus exam
ุนุดุงู† ูˆุงุฑุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ retinal hemorrhage
Or vitrous hemorrhage

10- ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠู‡ุง ุนูŠุงู†
Hyperthyroidism ุงูŠู‡ุŸ

Weight loss & increased appetite.

ุทูŠุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูŠุฌูŠ atypical ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ
ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุญุงุฌู‡ ู…ู† ุฏูˆู„ ูู‚ุท
Osteoporosis
Hypercalcemia
Heart failure
PACs in ecg
Dyspnea
New onset Atrial fibrillation
Amenorrhea
>>deterioration of blood glucose in dm patient..

11-ู„ูˆ ู„ุงูŠ ุณุจุจ ุดุงูƒูƒ ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ ู
Psoas muscle
ุฒูŠ hematoma or mass
ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงุดุนู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ
ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจู‡ ุชุฌู†ุจ superficial Ultrasound
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง deep ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุตุญ ุชุนู…ู„
MRI abdomen.

12-ู„ูˆ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูƒู„ู‰ ูˆุถุบุทู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุชูุชูƒุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูˆุฌุฏุช ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ุŸ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุญ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠุงู‹
ุงู„ุงุฑุฌุญ ู‡ูŠ ุงู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ุถุบุทุŒ ุงู…ุง ููŠ 8ูช ุจุณ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰.

13- ู„ูˆ TSH ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆ
Free t3, free t4 ุนุงู„ูŠูŠู†
ุฏู‡ primary hyperthyroidism
ุจุณ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุชูุฑู‚ ู…ุนุงูƒ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช
Tsh low,,, free t3 high with normal free t4?
ุบุงู„ุจุง Graves disease

ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
Tsh low,,, free t4 high with normal free t3?
ุบุงู„ุจุง ุณุจุจ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ grave disease
ุฒูŠ Amiodarone or high iodine intake or autoimmune

14-ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… Urea, creat ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 0.8 ููˆู‚ ูƒุฏู‡ ุชู‚ู„ู‚ ูˆู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ AKI

15-ู„ูˆ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุณูƒุฑ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ ูˆู…ุธุจุท ุงู„ุงูƒู„ ูˆุณูƒุฑุงุชู‡ ู…ู†ุชุธู…ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุจุณ ุจู‚ุงู„ู‡ ูƒุงู… ุดู‡ุฑ ุณูƒุฑุงุชู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุน ุงู†ู‡ complaint ูˆูƒู„ู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
ููƒุฑ ู sepsis ุงูˆ lipodystrophy ู ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุญู‚ู† ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุŒุงูˆ ุนูŠุจ ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจู‡ ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุจู‚ุง hyperthyroidism ุงูˆ Cushing ุงูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠุฒูˆู† ุงูˆ ู…ุด ุตุงุฏู‚ ู ูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ูˆุจูŠุนูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„..

16-ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„2 murmurs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ูˆุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆุงู‚ูุŸ
Mitral valve prolapse
HOCM


17-ุนู„ุงุฌ hypothyroidism 1ryู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉุŒ
ุงู…ุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„hyperthyroidiam 1ry "Grave's "
ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุณู†ู‡ ู„ ุณู†ู‡ ูˆู†ุต

ุดูƒุฑุง โœŒ๏ธโค๏ธ

KA Medical Notes โœจ

16 Sep, 18:48


Random notes 45

1-ุทุจูŠุนูŠ nephrotic ุถุบุทู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุถุบุทู‡ ุจูŠุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑ ู ckd ุงูˆ ุจู‚ุง ู…ุนุงู‡ NephriticุŒ
ูˆุฏูŠู‡ ุญุงุฌู‡ ูˆุญุดู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง gfr ุจูŠู‚ู„ ุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู† ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ proteinuria ุจุชู‚ู„ ู…ุนุงูƒ, ูˆุชุทู„ุจ dysmorphic rbcs in urine ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณุชุจุนุฏ Nephritic

2-ู„ูˆ ุดุงูƒูƒ ู pancreatitis ูˆุณุญุจุช lipase ูˆู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ุŒ ุงู†ููŠ pancreatitis

ุทุจ ู„ูŠู‡ ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„pancreatitis ุจูŠู†ู‡ุฌุŸ
Due to diaphragm irritation vs fever vs sepsis

3-ู…ุชุฏูŠุด Visceralgine ุงูˆ buscopan ู ุงู…ุณุงูƒ ู‡ูŠุฒูˆุฏู‡ "ู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ antispasmodic

4- ู…ุชุญูƒู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุณู…ุงุน crepitation ูˆุงู†ุช ุญุงุทุท ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุนู„ู‰ mechanical ventilation

5- ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุจุนุชู„ูƒ
thyroid profile
ู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุญุฌูˆุฒ ุนู†ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ abnormal
ู…ุซู„ุง low or normal tsh
& low free t3, t4
ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุญุงุฌุชูŠู†. ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฏู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ thyroid ุจุฌุฏ ู†ูƒุชุจู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ูˆู„ุง ุฏู‡ ุนุดุงู† Critical illness ุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
Sick euthyroidุŸ
ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŸ
ู„ูˆ known thyroid dysfunction
ุงุณุชู†ู‰ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ูˆุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ูˆุธุจุท ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุบุฏู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡

ู„ูˆ TSH ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 20 ุงุฏูŠ L-thyroxine
ูˆู„ูˆ
TSH <0.05
ู„ูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ free T3, t4 ู‚ู„ูŠู„ูŠู† ุงูˆ ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ ู…ุชุนุงู„ุฌุด ู„ูƒู† ุนูŠุฏู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ

ูˆู„ูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ free t3, t4 ุนุงู„ูŠูŠู†ุŸ
ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ anti TPO ab
ู„ูˆ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠ ุงุฏูŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฒูŠ carbimazole
ู„ูˆ ุณู„ุจูŠ ุนูŠุฏู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ูˆู…ุชุนุงู„ุฌุดุŒ ุงู„ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุญุงุฌู‡ ุชุฑุฌุญ ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ hyperthyroid ูุนู„ุง ุฒูŠ
Recurrent AF
ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ุนุงู„ุฌ

ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ tsh ุจูŠู† 0.05 ูˆ 20
ุนูŠุฏู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ูˆู…ุชุนุงู„ุฌุด

ูˆุงุนุฑู ุงู† Typical Sick euthyroid
ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
Low free t3 +low or normal TSH
ูˆุงุตู„ุง ู…ุชุญุงูˆู„ุด ุชุณุญุจ. Thyroid profile ู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฃุซู†ุงุก critical illness

6-ุงูŠ young female ู…ุนุงู‡ุง microcytic anemia ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุณุฃู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฐุง ุญุงุฌู‡
Menorrhagia, NSAIDS abuse, IUCD use "ู„ูˆู„ุจ" - hx of ulcers- bleeding from any orifice as epistasis piles or fissures

7-ู„ูˆ ุดุงูƒูƒ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ hypoxic ูˆู„ูŠูƒู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ุฌุŒ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุญุทู„ู‡ pulse ู…ุด ุจูŠู‚ุฑุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุญุชูŠุงุทูŠ ุญุท o2 nasal or mask ุŒุนุดุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุด ุจูŠู‚ุฑุง ู…ู† Severe hypoxia

8-ู„ูˆ ู‡ุชูƒุชุจ ุฏูˆุง ุชุฑุฌูŠุน ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฃูˆุฑุงู… ุจู†ูุถู„ nausilex ุงู…ุจูˆู„ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ุงูˆ granitryl 2 gm ุญู‚ู†ู‡ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ุนุถู„

9-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† cirrhotic ูˆุญุตู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ HGB drop ู…ุด ู…ุชูุณุฑ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ุนู„ูˆูŠุŒ (ุนุดุงู† ูˆุงุฑุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ bleeding osophageal varices)

10-preferred long life anticoagulant for antiphospholipid syndrome is warfarin

11-ู„ูˆ ุญุงู„ู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ methotrexate ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ู…ุดูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ folinic acid ุฎุตูˆุตุง ู„ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ุช ู toxicity ุฒูŠ
pancytopenia ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุซูˆุชุฑูŠูƒุณูŠุช
ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ
Calcifolinon ุงู…ุจูˆู„
ู†ุงุฎุฏ 1.5 ุณู… ูƒู„ 6 ุณุงุนุงุช bolus ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏุงุฑ 5 ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚
ูˆู‚ูŠุงุณ s.methotrexate

12-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุฑูƒุจ pig tail catheter for drainage pleural effusion
ุฏู‡ ุฒูŠ line ุจูŠุชุฑูƒุจ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุณุญุจ pleural effusion ู„ูˆ ุจุชุชุฌู…ุน ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑู‡ ูˆ recurrent
ู„ูˆ ุนุงูŠุฒ ุงุณุญุจ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ูˆู„ูŠูƒู† ู„ุชุฑุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ู„ุชุฑ ูˆูŠุชู‚ูู„ ุณุงุนุชุงู† ูˆู†ุณุญุจ ู„ุชุฑ ูˆู†ู‚ูู„ ุณุงุนุชูŠู†
To prevent re-expansion pulmonary edema
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠ ู ุตูˆุฑู‡ ูƒุญู‡ ูˆู†ู‡ุฌุงู†

ุทุจ ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช pleural effusion tapping ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ุŸ
Pulmonary edema
Hypotension
Hemothorax
Pneumothorax
cough

13-ู†ุชุงุจุน ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„hyperthyroid ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจ
Free t3, free t4
ู„ุงู† Tsh ู‡ูŠู‚ุนุฏ ูุชุฑู‡ suppressed ู„ูƒู† ูŠู‡ู…ูƒ ุจุฑุถู‡

14-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ุนุงู…ู„ bronchoscope ูˆุงุดุชูƒุงู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† hemoptysis ุฏู‡ ุนุงุฏูŠ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูƒุงู… ุณุงุนู‡ ู…ู† procedure ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ mild ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒู…ูŠู‡ ูƒุจูŠุฑู‡ ุงูˆ ุงุณุชู…ุฑ ุฏู‡ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ Urgent chest consult

15-ุฌุฑุนู‡ ุนู„ุงุฌ ceftriaxone 2g / 12 hour iv in meninigitis infection

but for prophylaxis after contacting meninigitis case is cirpofluxacin 500 mg once not repeated.

16- ู„ูˆ ุญุงู„ู‡ ุงุดุชูƒุช ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ู…ู† ุงู† ู†ููุณู‡ุง ุฑุงูŠุญู‡ ู„ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ุญู‡" salt craving " ุงุณุชุจุนุฏ ุงู„addison disease

17-ุชู†ุตุญ ุนูŠุงู† G6PD ุจุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„dehydration ูˆูŠู‡ุชู… ู„ูˆ ุญุงู„ู‡ infection ูˆูŠู„ุชุฒู… ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุŒูˆูŠุชุฌู†ุจ ุงูƒู„ ุงู„ููˆู„ ูˆุงูŠ ุฏูˆุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ hemolysis ุฒูŠ ุฏูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฏู‡ x-linked recessive ูˆุจูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุจ recurrent attacks of hemolysis

18-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† HCV ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ ุงู„PCR ุทู„ุนุช ุณู„ุจูŠุŒ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูุณุฑ ุฏู‡ุŸ ุงูˆู„ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุฎุฏ antiviral TTT ุงูˆ bilharizal ุงูˆ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุง ุบู„ุท

ุงู…ุชู‡ ุชุทู„ุจ DEXA scan" ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุนุถู…"ุŸ

Women 65 and older and men over age 70
Women under age 65 and men ages 50 - 70 who have risk factors such as:
A fracture over age 50
Rheumatoid arthritis or CKD
Eating disorders
Early menopause(from natural causes or surgery)
History of hormone treatment for prostate or breast cancer
Significant loss in height 
Smoking
Family history of osteoporosis
Taking steroids (prednisone, methylprednisolone) every day for 3 months or more

19-ู„ูˆ ู‡ุชู‚ุฑุง ุนู†
Autoimmune polyglanduar syndrome
Type 1
Type 2


ุดูƒุฑุง โค๏ธ

KA Medical Notes โœจ

22 Aug, 11:25


Random notes 44

1- ู„ุงุฒู… ู„ูˆ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุณูƒุฑ ูˆู„ู‚ูŠุช ู…ุนุงู‡ nephropathy ูƒ ckd ุงูˆ proteinuria.. ู„ุงุฒู… ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
Dm changes in fundus exam
ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ
ุนุดุงู† ูƒ dm progression
ุงู„retinopathy ุจุชุญุตู„ ู‚ุจู„ nephropathy
ุŒุŒ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช nephropathy ูˆู…ู„ู‚ุชุด retinopathy ุŸ
ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุงู„nephropathy ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ุด ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูˆู‡ุชุญุชุงุฌ renal biobsy ู„ูˆ ู…ููŠุด ุณุจุจ ูˆุงุถุญ

2-ู†ุบูŠุฑ ุจุนุฏ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ฺ†ุงุฌูˆู„ุงุฑ ูƒุงู†ูŠูˆู„ุง ุงูˆ ูƒุงู†ูŠูˆู„ุง ุทุฑููŠู‡ >>ุงุฎุฑูƒ 3 ุงูŠุงู…

ู‚ุณุทุฑู‡ ุจูˆู„:ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠู‡ foleys
7 ุงูŠุงู… ุงูˆ ู„ูˆ ุงุชุณุฏุช

-ุงู…ุง ุงู„indwelling ุงุฎุฑูƒ 3 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุงูˆ ู„ูˆ ุงุชุณุฏุช ุงูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ

ุณู†ุชุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ุงู‡ูˆูƒุฑ: ู„ูˆ ู…ุชุณุฏุด ุงูˆ ุนู…ู„ ุนุฏูˆู‰ ูˆุจูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู‚ุนุฏ ุดู‡ุฑ ูˆู†ุต

ุฏุฑู†ู‚ู‡ ุงูˆ chest tube: ูƒู„ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ู…ุด Infected

3-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ู‚ุงู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูˆู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู…ุชุธุจุท ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ููƒุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ุฏุฎู„ ู ckd
ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ุถุบุท ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูƒ ุถุบุทูŠ ุจู‚ุง ุญู„ูˆ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุฏูˆุง ุถุบุท ููƒุฑ ู heart failure ูˆุงุนู…ู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆุŒ ูˆุนุงุฑู ู„ู…ุง ุชุฏูŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„HFุŸ >>ุงู„ุถุบุท ู‡ูŠุฑุฌุน ูŠุนู„ู‰ ูˆู‡ุชุญุชุงุญ ุฏูˆุง ุถุบุท

4-ุงู†ุณุจ ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ุณูƒุฑ ู„ุนูŠุงู† ุบุณูŠู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰
ู‡ูˆ ยฎ linagliptin
" prevaglip 5mgยฎ"once
ุงูˆ ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†

ุงู†ุณุจ ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุถุบุท ู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ุบุณูŠู„
Alkapress (Amlodipine )
aldomet (alpha methyl dopa)
Carvid (carvidelol)

ูˆุจู„ุงุด ุทุจุนุง ACEI ุงูˆ ARBS ู„ูˆ ุงูƒูŠูˆุช

5- ุงุณู…ุงุก bisphophobates ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
Fosamax 70 ูƒู„ ุฃุณุจูˆุน
Prolia or xgeva ูƒู„ 6 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
Zometa ูƒู„ 6 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ

6-ุนูŠุงู†ู‡ lupus ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ุบูŠุฑ immune suppresivesุŸ
-Ca
-vit d
-Statin
-Blood pressure control
-Aspocid
-PPI
-Hydroxychloroquine
-If high risk thrombosis > anticoagulant

7-ุชุณู…ุน ุนู† ascites precox
ูˆุฏูŠู‡ ascites ุจุชุญุตู„ ู ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„LL edema..
ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง
ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆู„ูŠูƒู† tricuspid regurge, RT side HF ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ pericardial effusion
ูŠุญุตู„ ุชุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู ุงู„ุจุทู† ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุซู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏู…ุŸ
ู„ุงู† Pericardial effusion ูŠุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ Hepatic veins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ ู inferior vena cava
ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง pericardial effusion ูŠุถุบุท ุงู„inf vena cava ู†ูุณู‡
ููŠุฌู…ุน ู ุงู„ุจุทู† ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุซู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏู….
ูˆุชุดูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู…ุชู‡ ุฏูŠู‡"ascites precox" ุŸ
ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
- Hepatomegaly
-not cirrhotic
-Known cardiac,RT side especially
-If biobsied>> will show nut-meg appearance

8-ุงู„-lupus
ู‡ูˆ systemic disease
ู„ูƒู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ mono organ
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูŠุฌูŠ ูู‚ุท ุจ
Anemia or thrombocytopenia or generalized edema or aki
ุจุณ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูŠุฌูŠ systemic ุจุฑุถู‡
ุทุจ ุชุดุฎูŠุตู‡ุง ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ
Eular criteria
..
ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ุง ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุŸ
TTT

9-ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจู†ุดูˆู Hypoglycemic coma ุจุณุจุจ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ SulphonulureaุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฒูˆุฏู‡ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฏู‡ ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุฌุงูŠู„ูƒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุนุงูŠุฒ ุชุฏูŠู„ู‡ ู…ุถุงุฏ ุญูŠูˆูŠ ุนุดุงู† infectionุŒ ุงุจุนุฏ ุนู† cirpofluxacin ูˆ levofluxacin ู„ุงู†ู‡ู… ู‡ูŠุฒูˆุฏูˆุง
Duartion of action ุจุชุงุนู‡
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ูŠู‚ุนุฏ ูŠูˆู… ูŠุนู…ู„ ู
Hypoglycemia
ู‡ูŠุทูˆู„ ู„ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง

10-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† LDL ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆู…ุชุญุณู†ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฑุนุงุช statin ุนุงู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ููƒุฑ ู nephrotic syndrome ุนุดุงู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„
2ry hypercholesterolemia

11- ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† mucormycosis ุงู„ูุทุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ ุจูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู ุนูŠุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุŒุŒุŒ ูˆุจูŠู†ุดุท ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ pathology ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„DKA ุจุณ ุงุดู…ุนู†ุงุŸ
ุนุดุงู† Fungi ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจู‡ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ู
acid media
ุจู„ ูˆู…ุน ุณูƒุฑ ุนุงู„ูŠ

12-ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ young age ูˆุถุบุทู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆู‚ุฑุฑุช ูˆุงู†ุช ุจุชุฏูˆุฑ ุน ุณุจุจ ุชู…ุดูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุถุบุทุŒ ุงุจุนุฏ ุนู† ACEI or ARBS ู„ุญูŠู† ุงุณุชุจุนุงุฏ Renal artery stenosis

13-ู„ูˆ ุนุงูŠุฒ ุชุฏูŠ ู„ุนูŠุงู† anticoagulant ุจุณ ู„ู„ุงุณู ู…ุนุงู‡ ThrombocytopeniaุŒ ูู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ุญู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ arixtra s.c
ู„ูˆ ุนุงูŠุฒู‡ prophylaxis
ุฌุฑุนุชู‡
2.5 ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูƒู„ 24 ุณุงุนู‡
ูˆู„ูˆ therapeutic ูุญุณุจ ุงู„ูˆุฒู†
<50 kg : 5 mg s.c
>50 kg : 7.5 mg s.c
>100 kg :10 mg s.c
ูˆุงู…ุชู‡ ุชู‚ู„ู‚ ูˆุชูˆู‚ูู‡ ุŸ
ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ูุชุญ bleeding ุงูˆ internal ุฒูŠ
Brain hemorrhage.
ุงูˆ ุญุตู„ ุตูุงุฆุญ ูˆู‚ุนุช ุนู† 50 "HIT "
ุงูˆ ููŠู‡ ุญุณุงุณูŠู‡ ู…ู†ู‡
ุงูˆ Endocarditis
ุงูˆ eGFR ู‚ู„ุช ุนู† 30
ูˆุทุจุนุง ู…ุชุฏูŠุด ุฌู†ุจู‡ anticoagulant ุชุงู†ูŠ

14-ุฏูˆุง ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ุจู‡ ููŠ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุบุณูŠู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
Pervaglip 5 mg once daily
ุงูˆ ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† โœ…
ุจุณ

15-ุงูŠ young female ุฌุงูŠู‡ ุจ uti
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุณุฃู„ ุน ุงุนุฑุงุถ vaginitis ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฑุด ุงูุฑุงุฒุงุช ุฏู…
ูˆุชูƒุชุจ
Gynezol supp
ูƒุจุณูˆู„ู‡ ู…ู‡ุจู„ูŠู‡ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ู…ุณุงุกุง ู„ู…ุฏู‡ 10 ุงูŠุงู…
Daktarin gel
ุฏู‡ุงู† ูƒู„ 8
Gold douche
ุบุณูˆู„ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ู„ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ู…ุณุงุกุง

16- ู„ูˆ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุชุฌู†ุจ ุชุฏูŠู„ู‡ folic acid, vit b12 ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุชุณุงุนุฏ
Malignant cell proliferation.

17-ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุบุณู„ ูƒู„ู‰ ู†ุชุงุจุนู‡ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆูƒู„ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ุงูˆู„ุง
Cbc Urea Creat alt na k ca i vbg
ูƒู„ ุดู‡ุฑ
ุซุงู†ูŠุง
Iron profile"S.iron, TIBC, s.ferritin"
Ca profile"ca ionized, PTH, phosphorus "
ูƒู„ 3 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ

ูˆ ุซุงู„ุซุง virology ูƒู„ 6 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
ุงูŠูƒูˆ ูƒู„ ุณู†ู‡.


18-cranial nerve examination video

19-ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช amylase ุนุงู„ูŠุŒ ุชููƒุฑ ู ุงูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ู…ุด ุงู„pancreatitisุŸ
~salivary gland problem
~ectopic pregnancy
~DKA
~hypertriglyceridemia
~perforated viscous


ุดูƒุฑุง๐Ÿ’œ

KA Medical Notes โœจ

17 Aug, 10:34


๐Ÿ›Ž๏ธุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฎุตู†ุง ูƒ ุจุงุทู†ู‡ ู ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
Fundus examination:-

๐Ÿ‘๏ธโ€๐Ÿ—จ๏ธTegroid fundus
>> age related, severe myopia

๐Ÿ‘๏ธโ€๐Ÿ—จ๏ธDm changes
microaneurysms, hard exudates, diabetic macular edema, or new vessels

๐Ÿ‘๏ธโ€๐Ÿ—จ๏ธHTN changes:
1-Permanent arterial narrowing

3-Arteriovenous crossing abnormalities (arteriovenous nicking)

4-Arteriosclerosis with moderate vascular wall changes (copper wiring) to more severe vascular wall hyperplasia and thickening (silver wiring)

๐Ÿ‘๏ธโ€๐Ÿ—จ๏ธRoth's spot:
Thrombocytopenia
Infective endocarditis

๐Ÿ‘๏ธโ€๐Ÿ—จ๏ธMarfan syndrome
Lens sublaxation

๐Ÿ‘๏ธโ€๐Ÿ—จ๏ธBrain edema
Papilledema grades

Fundoscopy technique
๐Ÿซฐ

KA Medical Notes โœจ

07 Aug, 06:56


Random notes 43

1- ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุจุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุฏู‡ c-peptideุŸ
ู„ูˆ ุดุงูƒูƒ ู ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ูˆู…ุง (ุนูŠุงู† ุณูƒุฑู‡ ุจูŠูˆุทู‰) ูˆู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ

ุงูˆ ุดุงูƒูƒ ู Type 1 Dm(ุนูŠุงู† ุณูƒุฑู‡ ุจูŠุนู„ู‰) ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุŒ
ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ุณูƒุฑู‡ ุจูŠุนู„ู‰ ูˆู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู ุฏู‡ type 2 DM ุงูˆ MODY

2-ุตุนุจ type 2 DM ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู DKA ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
Ketone prone type 2 DM

3-ู‡ุฏููƒ ู dka ุชูˆุทูŠ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 50 ู…ุฌู… ู ุงู„ุณุงุนู‡

4-ู‡ุชูุฑู‚ ู…ุนุงูƒ ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† DKA ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุบุณู„ ูƒู„ู‰ ุŸ
ู‡ุชูุฑู‚ ุฌุฏุง ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠุง ู‡ุชุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุŒ ุงู…ุง ุงู„fluid ู„ุฃ
ู…ุด ู‡ุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุบูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ hypovolemic ูˆู‡ุฏูŠ 250 ุณุงู„ูŠู† ู 250 ุŒ ู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ
ุนุดุงู† ุณู‡ู„ ูŠ congestุŒ ุฎุตูˆุตุง ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุงู†ู‡ anuric ุฒูŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุบุณู„ูˆุง

5-ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุชู‚ุณุทุฑ ุนูŠุงู† DKA ุŸ
ู„ูˆ dcl ุงูˆ ู…ุฌุงุจุด ุจูˆู„ ุจุนุฏ ุณุงุนู‡ ู… Fluid

6- ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„Hco3 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ ู ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุจุนุฏ ูƒุฐุง ุณุงุนู‡ ู…ู† ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„dka ู‡ูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุŒ ุงุดู…ุนู†ุงุŸ
ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง Chloride ูˆุฏู‡ ุนูƒุณูŠ ู ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุจูŠูƒุงุฑุจ(ุฏู‡ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ )
Saline induced hyperchloremia reduce Hco3 reading in vbg

7-ู„ูˆ s.ferritin ู‚ู„ูŠู„ + ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ ุŒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงุนุงู„ุฌู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ
ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจู‡ ุงู‡ ูŠุชุบุฏู‰ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูˆูŠุงุฎุฏ ูƒุจุณูˆู„ุงุช ุญุฏูŠุฏ
Non-anemic iron defeciency

8- ู„ูˆ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุณูƒุฑ ุณุฃู„ูƒ ุงุญูุธ ู‚ู„ู… ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู ุชู„ุงุฌุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ูุฑูŠุฒุฑุŸ
ู‚ูˆู„ุงู‹ ูˆุงุญุฏุง ุงู„ุชู„ุงุฌู‡
ูˆุทุจุนุง ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ูŠุบูŠุฑ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุญู‚ู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ุชุฌู†ุจุง ู„ regional lipodystrophy ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†
ูˆุฏูŠู‡ ุตูˆุฑู‡ ู„ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุญู‚ู†

9-ุงูŠู‡ ุชุงุฑุฌุช ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู ูˆุงุญุฏู‡
Gestational diabetes?

-fasting < 95
-1 H postprandial <140
-2 H postprandial <120

ู†ุนุงู„ุฌ ุจ ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆู„ุง ุฃู‚ุฑุงุตุŸ
ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ
Novorapid + levemir

ุฌุฑุนู‡ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
Total daily dose TDD ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุณู‡ ู‡ุชุชู‚ุณู…
ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูƒ ุญุณุจ trimester
1st trimester 0.7 ml /kg/day
2nd trimester 0.8 ml /kg/day
3rd trimester 1 ml /kg /Day
Obese 2 ml /kg /day

ู„ูŠู†ูƒ ุดุฑุญ ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„ู„
Diabetes in pregnancy



10- ู„ูˆ ุญุตู„ massive bleeding ูˆุนู…ู„ุช cbc ุงู†ุตุญ ุชุจุต ุนู„ู‰ hematocrit ูˆู„ูŠุณ Hemoglobinูƒ early detection

11- ูƒูŠุณ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠุฑูุน ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ูƒุฐุง ุนุงู…ู„ ูŠุชุญูƒู…
ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆ ุตู„ุงุญูŠุฉ ูƒูŠุณ ุงู„ุฏู…
ู„ูˆ ู„ุณู‡ ูุฑูŠุด ุจู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุงุณุจูˆุน ู‡ูŠุฑูุน ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 0.75
ู„ูˆ ุจู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู† 0.5
ู„ุญุฏ 3 ุงุณุงุจูŠุน ุฑุจุน
ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุชุฏูŠู‡ูˆุด ู…ุด ู‡ุชูุฑู‚

12-ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุนูŠุงู† ุดูƒูˆุชู‡ ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ
s. Ferritin ู‚ู„ูŠู„
ุจุณ Hemoglobin ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ุŸ
ุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ early iron defeciency anemia
ู„ุงู† ุงู„stores ู‡ุชู‚ุน ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„HB ู cbc

13-ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชุชูŠุจ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
ุบูŠุฑ ุงู†ูƒ ุจุชุฌู‡ุฒ ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌู‡ ุฌู†ุจูƒ
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ pre-oxygenation ู„ู…ุฏู‡ 3 ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงูˆ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง o2 sat ูŠุนุฏูŠ ุงู„80ูช

14-ู„ูˆ ู…ุฑูŠุถ AF chronic ูˆู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Anticoagulant

ุจุณ ุฏุฎู„ ู stroke ischemic .. ูŠุง ุชุฑู‰ ู‡ุชุตุฑู ุงุฒุงูŠ ุŸ
ู‡ุชูˆู‚ู ุงู„anticoagulation ูˆุชู…ุดูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ aspocid 75 ู„ู…ุฏู‡ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู†
"ุฏู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุชู„ูˆุฏ ุจ 300 ุงุณุจูˆุณูŠุฏ ุงูˆู„
ู…ุง ุฌู‡ day 1"
ูˆุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ุชุฑุฌุน ุนู„ู‰ Anticoagulant ุชุงู†ูŠ

15-ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุนูŠุงู† ุฏุฎู„ ู ุงุณูƒูŠู…ูƒ ุณุชุฑูˆูƒ ุชู…ุดูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ single or dual antiplatelet ุŸ
ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู‡ูˆ single
ุทุจ ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุงู…ุดูŠู‡ ุฏูŠูˆุงู„ุŸ
ู„ูˆ ุญุงู„ู‡ ู…ู† 3
High risk Tia
Small size infarct stroke
Large atherosclerotic vessel

16-ุชูุชูƒุฑ ุงูŠู‡ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู CKDุŸ normocytic anemia
ุณุจุจู‡ุŸ
ู†ู‚ุต erythropoeitin hormone
ุทุจ.. ู„ูŠู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุงู†ุง iron defeciency anemia ุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
ุญุงุฌุชูŠู†
1-Function IDA"iron defeciency anemia "
>Chronic inflammation ยฑ
poor hepicidin clearance

2-Absolute IDA ู†ู‚ุต ุนุฏุฏูŠ
>Blood loss in withdraw labs ยฑ poor oral iron intake& absorption

ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุจุณุฑุนู‡ ุนู† hepicidin ุฏู‡
ุŒ ุฏู‡ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู…ู†ุน iron overload ู ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„
{GIT iron absorption}
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ congenital defeciency ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ hemochromatosis
ุจุณ ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง
ุฏู‡ ุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„clearence ุจุชุงุนู‡ ู ckd ููŠุฒูŠุฏ ู ุงู„ุฌุณู… ููŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ironุŒ
ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠุŸ ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ bacterial infection ุŒุนุดุงู† ุŸุŸ
ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„iron ู ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนุดุงู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ(ุณุจุญุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡)
ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง iron thrive bacteria

17- ุงุดู‡ุฑ ุงุณู… ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ
ูƒ iron chelating agent
ู„ุนูŠุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„thalassemia
ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงุฏูŠู†ูˆ 360 jadenu

18- ุนูŠุงู† aki ูˆุถุบุทู‡ ุนุงู„ู‰ ุชุฌู†ุจ ุชุฏูŠู„ู‡ ACEI

19- ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน
therapeutic Ascites tapping ู ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุชspread infection

20-ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุชุญุชุงุฌ anticoagulant ู„
Proteinuria?
ู„ูˆ protein ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 10.5 ุฌู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ ู 24 ุณุงุนู‡
ุงูˆ ู„ูˆ. ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 1.9

21- ุงุถูŠู ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† CKD ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ca ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ normal ุงูˆ ุนุงู„ูŠ ููƒุฑ ู multiple myelomaุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุทู„ุจ protein electrophoresis
"looking for M spike"
ูˆ
x ray shoulder, pelvis"osteolytic lesion "

22- ุงูŠ ุนูŠุงู† chronic kidney disease ู…ุด ู…ุชูุณุฑ ู„ุงุฒู… renal biobsy
ู…ุชูุณุฑ ุฒูŠ DM ุงูˆ ู…ุณูƒู†ุงุช ุงูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃู…ู„ุงุญ ูˆุญุตูˆุงุช ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑู‡post renal "ุงูˆ ุฎุฏ ุตุจุบู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง


ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ โ™ฅ๏ธ๐Ÿ‘‹

KA Medical Notes โœจ

03 Aug, 20:30


ุดุฑุญ ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน Ascites ูˆ encephalopathy ๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿ‘†

N. B: ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ููˆู‚ enema ู‡ุชุจู‚ู‰
70 cm water +30 cm lactulose

KA Medical Notes โœจ

03 Aug, 20:29


โœด๏ธโœด๏ธโœด๏ธ {Ascites & encephalopathy }
ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠุง ุนูˆุฒูŠู† ู†ุดูˆู
๐Ÿชญ ุฏุฑุฌู‡ Ascites
"mild moderate severe "
ุญุณุจ transmitted thrill ">>severe "

ุงูˆ shifting dullness >>moderate

ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ tense ุงูˆ ุฎู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† distressed or Tachypneic ูŠุชุจุฐู„ู‡ 5 ู„ุชุฑ ุน ุงู„ุงู‚ู„ ูˆุญุฏ ุงู‚ุตูŠ 10 ู„ุชุฑ ุญุณุจ ู…ุง ุถุบุทู‡ ูŠุณุชุญู…ู„
ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุชูˆู‡ ู…ุชุจุฐู„ูˆุด!
As tapping aids encephalopathy
, so as diuretic and SBP

ุซุงู†ูŠุง ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุชูˆู‡ ุงูˆ flapping tremors ุงูˆ ู†ูˆู…ู‡ ู…ู‚ู„ูˆุจุŸ
๐Ÿชญุชููƒุฑ ู encephalopathy

ุซุงู„ุซุง ู‡ู„ ุงู„diffuse tender abdomen ุŸ
๐Ÿชญุชููƒุฑ ู SBP
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
ู‡ู†ุฒูˆุฏ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† diagnostic Ascitic tapp + antibiotic IV

ูˆุทุจุนุง ู†ุดุฎุต SBP ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน neutrophils ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 250..
ุทุจ ุณุคุงู„ ุŒุงูƒุชุจ ู…ุถุงุฏ ุญูŠูˆูŠ ู„ู„SBP ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒ ุจุณ ู…ู† tender abdomen ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุณุชู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ุŸ
ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจู‡ ุงุจุฏุง ุน ุดูƒ ุจุณ

ู†ุดูŠุช ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
๐ŸชญุงุณุงุณูŠ diuretic ุน ascites ุŒู‡ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุฌุฑุนู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุชุฒูˆุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุจู†ุญุท examide 10-40( ุงูˆ ู„ุงุฒูŠูƒุณ)
ูˆ spectone 100-400
ู…ุน ู…ุชุงุจุนู‡ na k ca

๐Ÿชญูˆlactulose ุงูˆ duphlac
ู…ู„ุนู‚ู‡ 15 ุณู… ูƒู„ 8 ู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฒูŠุงุฏู‡ ุจ
Target Diarrhea 2-3 oer day

๐ŸชญEnema
ุญู‚ู†ู‡ ุดุฑุฌูŠู‡ 70 ุณู… ู…ุงุก + 3ุฌ ุณู… ู„ุงูƒูŠุชูŠู„ูˆุฒ

๐Ÿชญู…ุถุงุฏ ุญูŠูˆูŠ
Ceftriaxone 1-2gm /24 H iv

ุงูˆ cefotax 2gm/8 H
ูˆู„ูˆ refractory SBP ุชุญุท ู…ูŠุฑูˆู†ุงู… 1ุฌู… ูƒู„ 8ุŒ ุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ normal creat

๐Ÿชญูˆู„ูˆ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุฏู… ู†ูƒุชุจ ุฏู… ูˆ ู„ุงุฒูŠูƒุณ ุจุนุฏ

๐Ÿชญูˆู„ูˆ inr ุนุงู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ 1.5 ูˆููŠู‡ ู†ุฒูŠู ุงูˆ ุงุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† 2 ุญุท
2 ูˆุญุฏู‡ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ูƒู„ 12

๐Ÿชญ Idibact or gastrobiotic 550 mg twice
ุฏู‡ ู…ุถุงุฏ ุญูŠูˆูŠ rifaximin for flora inducing encephalopathy

๐Ÿชญูˆุชุฒูˆุฏ ู„ูˆ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุถุบุท ูˆุณูƒุฑ ุงูˆ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู…

๐Ÿชญูˆู„ูˆ ุจ ุงูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ู†ุตุฑูู„ู‡ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู…ูŠู†

๐Ÿชญูˆุญุงุฌู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ ุฌุฏุง "ุบุฐุงุก ูƒุจุฏูŠ " ๐Ÿƒ ุนุจุงุฑู‡ ุนู†:- ุดูˆุฑุจู‡ ุฎุถุงุฑ- ุนุตุงูŠุฑ ุจุณ ุจุฏูˆู† ุณูƒุฑ ูˆ ุงูƒู„ ู…ููŠู‡ูˆุด ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุญูŠูˆุงู†ูŠ (ู†ุจุงุชูŠ ุนุงุฏูŠ ุจุณ ู…ูŠูƒุชุฑุด ุจุฑุถู‡ ) ู†ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ุฎุงู„ุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌู‡.. ุจุณ

๐Ÿชญูˆูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฅูุทุงุฑ
Target wt Loss 0.5 kg /day

๐Ÿชญูˆู…ุชุณุชุบุฑุจุด ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช
Pancytopenia or thrombocytopenia ู ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุชู„ูŠู ูƒุจุฏ
ู…ุด ู…ุญุชุงุฌ blood film ูˆู„ุง ุญุงุฌู‡

๐Ÿชญูˆู„ูˆ feverish ุงุณุชุจุนุฏ
SBP
uti
Pneumonia
Oral candidiasis

ุชุทู„ุจ ุงูŠู‡ ู doctor order ุŸ

โœด๏ธูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฅูุทุงุฑ
โœด๏ธุบุฐุงุก ูƒุจุฏูŠ
โœด๏ธุชุจู„ูŠุบ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ุญุงู„ ุชุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ูˆุนูŠ
โœด๏ธุญุฌุฒ ุณูˆู†ุงุฑ ุจุทู† ูˆุญูˆุถ
โœด๏ธุญุฌุฒ ุงูŠูƒูˆ
โœด๏ธู‚ูŠุงุณ ุณูƒุฑ ูˆุถุบุท ูˆุญุฑุงุฑู‡ ูƒู„(ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ)
โœด๏ธุณุญุจ ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ู‡ ุบุฏุง + crp
+s. Albumin
โœด๏ธุณุญุจ AFP ู„ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุณุญูˆุจ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡
โœด๏ธูˆู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ wt loss ู…ุญุชุฑู… ุงูˆ hypoglycemia ุงูˆ erythrocytosis ุงุญุฌุฒู„ู‡ triphasic CT
ูˆุชุฒูˆุฏ ุญุณุจ comorbidity ุจู‚ุง



๐Ÿชญูˆู„ูˆ ู‡ุชุจุฐู„ ุงุจุฐู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒูŠุณูŠู† ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ู…ุซู„ุง (ุฒู†ู‚ุช ูŠุจู‚ุง hemagel ูˆุฏู‡ ู…ุด ุตุญ ุงูˆูŠ ู…ุน ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจู‡ ุงู„ุถุบุท ูƒู„ ุณุงุนู‡ ) ูˆุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุถุบุท ู†ุฒู„ ุฌุฑุจ ู…ูŠุฏูˆุฏุฑูŠู† ุงูˆ ูƒูˆุฑุงุณูˆุฑ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฏู‡ ู…ูŠุงุฎุฏุด ุณุงู„ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุถุบุทู‡ ู†ุฒู„


๐Ÿชญู…ุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุดุงูŠูู‡ ูƒ distention ู‡ูˆ
Fluid โ›”
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฌุฒุก gases
ู‡ุชูุฑู‚ ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ
Clinically? >> percussion
Resonant if gases
Dull if fluid

๐Ÿชญู„ูˆ ู…ุด ุจูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ู„ุจุณู‡ ุดุฑุงุจ ุฏูˆุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุด ู‡ุชุนุฑู ุชุญุท ู„ู‡ anticoagulant

๐Ÿชญุงุจุฏุงู‹ ู…ุชุจุฐู„ุด ู„ุนูŠุงู† Therapeutic tapping
ูˆู‡ูˆ tender abdomen
ูˆุฏู‡ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุจุฐู„

๐Ÿชญูˆุงู†ุช ุจุชูƒุชุจ request ู„ู„
Ascitic fluid tapping
Diagnostic
ู„ูƒูŠุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช ู…ู„ุชู‡ู… ู ุงู„ุจุฐู„ ุงูˆ ู ุณุฑู†ุฌู‡ 50 cm
ุชูƒุชุจ ูˆุฏู‡ ู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ูƒู„ูŠู‡ ุทุจ ุงูˆ ู…ุนู…ู„ ุจุฑู‡
For physical, chemical, cytological, TLc with differential, malignant cells, hematocrit, ADA(ุจุชุงุน TB)
ูˆุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ุณุฑุทุงู† ูˆู…ุนุงู‡ effusion ู ุงูŠ sacุŒ ู…ุด ุดุฑุท ูŠูƒูˆู†
Malignant effusion

๐ŸชญูˆุงูŠู‡ ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงู„diureticุŸ
Dehydration, hypokalemia(Hyperkalemia if K sparing diuretic ) , hypocalcemia unless Lasix ,encephalopathy

๐Ÿชญูˆู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงู„ุจุฐู„
Encephalopathy, iatrogenic peritonitis, perforated bowel

๐Ÿชญู„ูˆ ุนุงูŠุฒ ุชุญุท spectone ุจุณ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุนุงู‡ androgenic manifestations ุฒูŠ
Gynecomastia, hormonal disturbance
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุญุท tensoprelone 25 ู…ุฑุชูŠู†
ุจุฏู„ spectone
ุฒูŠู‡ ุจุณ ู…ู„ูˆุด androgenic effects ุฏูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุฏู‡ ู…ู„ูˆุด
Mineralocorticoid effect

๐Ÿฅ€ุนูŠุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„chronic liver failure ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุจุชุงุนู‡ู… ุถุบุทู‡ู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุทุงู„ู…ุง perfused ุฎู„ุงุต
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนูŠุงู† ุถุบุทู‡ 80 ูˆุฌุงูŠุจ ุจูˆู„ ูˆู…ุด ุฏุงูŠุฎ ูˆู…ุด tachycardia ูˆ
Good capillary refill time
ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนุงุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠุฏูˆุฏุฑูŠู†ุŸ
ุงู‡ ุนุงุฏูŠ

๐Ÿฅ€ูˆููŠู‡ trick ุญู„ูˆุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ูƒุฐุง ุญุฏ ู ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุจุงู„ ุŒู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ascites ู…ููŠุด ู…ุง ูŠุฏุนูˆ ู„ู„ุญุฌุฒุŒ ุจูŠุณุญุจูˆุง ุจ ุณุฑู†ุฌู‡ 50 ุณู… Ascitic ู ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุจุงู„ ูˆูŠุฏูˆู‡ุง ู„ู„ุงู‡ู„ ูŠุญู„ู„ูˆู‡ุง tlc with differential ุจุณ
ุŒ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน sbp ูŠุญุฌุฒูˆุงุŒ ู…ููŠุด ู…ุจูŠุญุฌุฒุด

โœŒ๏ธู‡ู„ ุงูŠ ุนูŠุงู† ascites ูŠุชุญุฌุฒุŸ ู„ุง ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู…

ู‡ู„ ุงูŠ ุนูŠุงู† encephalopathy ูŠุชุญุฌุฒุŸ ุนู†ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุชูˆุณุทู‡

KA Medical Notes โœจ

16 Jul, 18:44


{{ ุณู„ุณู„ู‡ scores & criteria }}

ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ูŠู†ูƒุงุช ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ุณูƒูˆุฑุงุช ู ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡

ูŠูุถู„ ุชุญู…ู„ ยป MDcalc app
ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงูŠ ุณุชูˆุฑ ุงูˆ ุงุจ ุณุชูˆุฑ ุนุงุฏูŠ

๐Ÿ”ฎ1- GCS "Glasgow coma scale
ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† 15 ุงู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุชุชูŠุจ ุงูˆ aphasia ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† 10
ู ูŠู‚ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฏู‡ ุณูƒูŠู„ู‡ 12 ู…ู† 15
ุงูˆ ูŠู‚ู„ูƒ 8 T
ูŠุนู†ูŠ 8 ู…ู† 10
ูˆุทุจุนุง ู† intubate ุงุตู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 8

" T" stands for >> intubation


๐Ÿ”ฎ2-well's score for DVT
ู„ู…ุง ุชุดูƒ ู dvt ูƒู„ูŠู†ูŠูƒุงู„ ุฒูŠ
Unilateral limb swelling or pain or tense calf
ูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠู‚ู„ูƒ ุงุนู…ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู† D dimer{ ู„ูˆ ุฎุฏ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 2 ุจูˆูŠู†ุช}
ูˆู„ุง ุฏูˆุจู„ุฑ(2 or more points )


๐Ÿ”ฎ3-well's score for pulmonary embolism
ุฒูŠู‡ ุจุณ ู„ุฌู„ุทู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฆู‡
ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุชุดูƒ ู pulm embolism..
ูˆุฏู‡ ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุŸ
Unexplained dyspnea or hypoxia or shock especially in normal chest radiology especially in risky patient as bed ridden or oncology or DVT


๐Ÿ”ฎ4-Padua score..
ุจุชู‚ู„ูƒ ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุชู…ุดูŠ ุนูŠุงู†
ุนู„ู‰ anticoagulant ู„ูˆ risk ุงู„ุฌู„ุทุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠ{ ู„ูˆ ุฎุฏ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 4 ุจูˆูŠู†ุชุณ} . ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุฌูˆุฒ ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุนูŠุงู†ูŠู†


๐Ÿ”ฎ5- q-SOFA score
ุฏู‡
To detect early sepsis
ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุงุง

ูˆ ุฃ ุจ ููŠ UK ูˆุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูˆูŠูุฑู‚ ู mortality ุฌุฏุง
ูˆุฏู‡ interpretation ุจุชุงุนู‡ ูˆ Sepsis six


๐Ÿ”ฎ6- CKD-EPI score
ุจุชุณุญุจ ู…ู†ู‡ eGFR ู„ุนูŠุงู†ูŠู† CKD
ูˆู…ู† eGFR ุจุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ckd to stages


๐Ÿ”ฎ7- CHA2D2 vasc score
ุฏู‡ ู AF
ุจูŠุญุณุจ risk ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฏูŠ anticoagulant ูˆู„ุง ู…ู†ุฏูŠุด ู ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ non valvular AF
ู„ูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 2 ู ุฑุฌุงู„ู‡ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 3 ู ุณุชุงุช ุงุฏูŠ Anticoagulant


๐Ÿ”ฎ8-Alvarado score. ุนุดุงู†
ู„ูˆ ุดูƒูŠุช ู appendicitis


๐Ÿ”ฎ9- CURB 65
ู…ุคุดุฑ ู„ู„ pneumonia
ูŠูˆุฌู‡ูƒ ุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆู„ุง ุชุญุฌุฒู‡ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุนู†ุงูŠู‡
ูˆุฏู‡ ุณูƒูˆุฑ ู„ู„CAP


๐Ÿ”ฎ10- ASCVD 10 y risk
ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู‡ุง
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
ุณูƒูˆุฑ ุจูŠุญุณุจ ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู ุฌู„ุทู‡ ูƒุงู… ู ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู ุฎู„ุงู„ 10 ุณู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ุนู„ู…ูŠุŒ
1} ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
Anti HTN Drug in grade 1 HTN (140-159)
2}
ู‡ู„ moderate, or high intensity statin

๐Ÿ”ฎ11- child pugh
ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ู‡ ู„ุนูŠุงู† liver cirrhosis

๐Ÿ”ฎ12- ganzoni formula
ุจูŠุญุณุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฌุฑุนู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„IV

๐Ÿ”ฎ13- Glasgow blatchford
ู„ุนูŠุงู†
haematemesis, melena
ูŠู‚ู„ูƒ ุนุงูˆุฒ ู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ุนู„ูˆูŠ
Urgent or Elective?
ู„ูˆ ุฎุฏ ุตูุฑ ูŠุชุญุฌุฒุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูู…ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ

๐Ÿ”ฎ14-Rockall score
ุจูŠู‚ู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ุช ู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู„ู†ุฒูŠู ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู‡ุถู…ูŠ ุŒ ู†ุญุฌุฒู‡ ูƒุงู… ูŠูˆู… ู…ุชุงุจุนู‡ ุฒู„ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญู‡ุŸ
ู„ูˆ ุฎุฏ ุตูุฑ ุฑูˆุญู‡ "more sensitive "

๐Ÿ”ฎ15- Grace score
ูŠู‚ู„ูƒ ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„NSTEMI ูˆ unstable angina ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู‚ุณุทุฑู‡ ู ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡
_ู„ูˆ ุฎุฏ ููˆู‚ 140 ู†ู‚ุทู‡ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู ุฎู„ุงู„ 24 ุณุงุนู‡
_ู„ูˆ ุฎุฏ 109-140 ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู ุฎู„ุงู„ 3 ุงูŠุงู…
_ู„ูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 109 ูŠุชุงุจุน outpatient

๐Ÿ”ฎ16- FRAX score
ุฏู‡ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ูƒ screen ู„ุนูŠุงู† risky ู„ู„osteoporosis ุฒูŠ Rh. A type 1DM ูˆ hypothyroid ูˆ ุงูŠ ุญุฏ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ steroid long life ุฒูŠ lupus ูˆ old age
ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุฎุฏ ุณูƒูˆุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ 20ูช ุชูˆุชุงู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุจู‚ุง dexa scan


๐Ÿ”ฎ17-NIHSS score
ุณูƒูˆุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠูŠู† ุจ Stroke
To asses Severity and prognosis
ูˆุฏู‡ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุดุฑุญู‡

๐Ÿ”ฎ18- PHQ-9 score
ุณูƒูˆุฑ ู„ู„ุงูƒุชุฆุงุจ

๐Ÿ”ฎ19- serum osmolariy
ุฏู‡ ู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุงูƒูƒ ุงู†ู‡ HHS ู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏ ุนู†e 330

๐Ÿ”ฎ20 -
Truelove & witts
ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณ
Severity of ulcerative colitis
ูˆูŠู‚ู„ูƒ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุญุฌุฒ ูˆู„ ู„ุฃ

ู„ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ู… ู practise ุจุชุงุนูƒ ู‡ูŠูุฑู‚ูˆุง ุฌุฏุงุงุง ู ู…ุณุชูˆุงูƒ ูˆ decision ุจุชุงุนูƒ โœจโค๏ธโœŒ๏ธ

KA Medical Notes โœจ

10 Jul, 16:45


Random notes 42

1-ุงูŠู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ lanoxin ุจุงู†ุชุธุงู… ูˆู…ุด ุจูŠู„ุฎุจุท ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุนูŠุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู digitalis toxicityุŒ ูˆู‡ุดูƒ ุงุฒุงูŠ ูˆ ู‡ุนู…ู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ

>ุงูˆู„ุง ู‡ุดูƒ ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงู„ู… ุจุทู† ูˆุชุฑุฌูŠุน ู ุนูŠุงู† ู‚ู„ุจ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุงู†ูˆูƒุณูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ecg
ุทูŠุจ ูˆุงุฒุงูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุงู†ุชุธุงู… ุน ุนู„ุงุฌ ูˆูŠุฏุฎู„ ู toxicityุŸ
ุงู† ูŠุญุตู„
hypokalemia as a result of diuretic use
Or Hyperkalemia 2ry to aki

2-ุงูŠู‡ ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุญุฏ young ุฌุงูŠ ุจ ุญุฑุงุฑู‡ ูˆ typical chest pain ูˆุชุฑูˆุจูˆู†ูŠู† ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุงุŒุŒุŒ ุบุงู„ุจุง myocarditis ุŒู‡ุชapproach ุงุฒุงูŠ ุŸ
Ecg, echo, PCIู‚ุณุทุฑู‡

ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ecg ุŒุŒ ุงู…ุง ุงู„ุงูŠูƒูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ ุงูˆ dilated cardiomyopathy ุงูˆ
Wall hypokinesia,
ุทุจ ุงุด ุนุฑูู†ูŠ ุงู†wall hypokinesia ุฏูŠู‡ ุชุจู‚ุง myocarditis ูˆู„ูŠุณ IHDุŸ
ู…ุด ู‡ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุบูŠุฑ ุจู‚ุณุทุฑู‡ ูˆุชุทู„ุน ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ุŒ ูƒุฏู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ myocarditis ุŒุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ููŠู…ูŠู„ ูˆู‚ุงู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ุฒุนู„ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† takutsubo

3-ุฏูˆุง SGLT2 - -
ูŠูุถู„ ููŠ CKD ู„ุงุณุจุงุจ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ุชูุถู„ ู…ูƒู…ู„ ู„ุญุฏ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุจุฏุง ุบุณูŠู„ regular ู‡ู†ุง ุชูˆู‚ูู‡(ุงูˆ ู„ูˆ GFR ู†ู‚ุต ุนู† 20)

4-ุชุณู…ุน ุนู† MRSA..
ุงู…ุชู‡ ุงุญุชุงุฌ ุงุบุทูŠู‡ุง ู ุนูŠุงู† empirical ุŸ

-hx of mrsa infection
-recent IV antibiotic intake
-hx of recurrent skin infection
-invasive devices as( CVP ุงู„ุณู†ุชุฑ) or tube
-Hemodialysis
-recent hospitalization last 3 months

ู‡ู†ุง ุชุบุทูŠ ุจ
Vancomycin
Or Averozolid
Or tygacil
ุฌุฑุนุงุชู‡ู…

5- ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† post splenectomy
ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ thrombocytosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตูุงุฆุญ ุชุฒูŠุฏ
ุนุดุงู† ู…ุจู‚ุงุด ููŠู‡ ุทุญุงู„ ูŠูƒุณุฑ ุงู„PLt ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„.. ูุชุฑู‡ ูˆู‡ูŠู‚ู„ ุจุณ ู„ุงุฒู… ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุชุบุทูŠ ุจ aspirin 75 ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง
ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุฑูุนู‡ ุงู„ุตูุงุฆุญ ุจู‚ุช ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู†ููƒุฑ ู ุงู† ููŠู‡ ุงุณุจุงุจ ุงุถุงููŠู‡ ุฒูŠ
Sepsis or iron defeciency anemia or
Essential thrombocytosis"from the start "

6- ุชูุชูƒุฑ ุงูŠู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ู‡ ุงู„hypoalbuminemia ุจ ุฌุฑุนู‡ ู…ุถุงุฏ ุญูŠูˆูŠ ู‡ุฏูŠู‡ ู„ุนูŠุงู† ุนู†ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุนุงู‡ ุนุฏูˆู‰ุŸ
>>hypoalbuminemia
ุชุณุชุฏุนูŠ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุฌุฑุนู‡ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏ ุญูŠูˆูŠ ุฎุตูˆุตุง
Ceftriaxone - vanco
ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ุฏูˆุง ู„ู‡ High
Plasma protein binding and water soluble
ู„ูŠู‡ ุจู‚ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŸ
ุนุดุงู†
> hypoalbuminemia >> increase fraction of antibiotic unbounded >> increase renal clearance >> decrease serum drug dose.
ูุชุนูˆูŠุถุง ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนู‡โœŒ๏ธ
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุน sepsis ูŠุณุชุฏุนูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏู‡ ุฌุฑุนู‡ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏ
ุนุดุงู†
V.D >>increase tissue distribution > increase drug clearance

7-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ุงุชุญุท ุนู„ู‰ mechanical ventilation ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู„ุงุงุงุงุงุฒู… ูŠุชุนู…ู„ู‡ tracheostomy ูŠุชู†ูุณ ู…ู†ู‡ุง

ู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŸ
ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุชุญุณู† ู† extubate ูˆุฎู„ุงุต ุŸ
ู‡ู‚ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠูˆุจู‡ ุงู„ูุชุฑู‡ ุฏูŠู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชweaken
Trachea wall>> collapse
ูู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุจุช ุช extubate ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูุชุฑู‡ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ู‡ ุฏูŠู‡ ุน ุงู„ฺคู†ุช ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠ asphyxiate ู…ู†ูƒ

8-ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุญุงู„ู‡ AF ุงู„ุฅุณุชู‚ุจุงู„ ูˆุชุญุชุงุฌ ุญุฌุฒ (ู…ุด ุจุณ ุนู„ุงุฌ)


~Patients in whom ablation of an accessory pathway is being considered, particularly if the AF was highly symptomatic and associated with hemodynamic collapse and rapid ventricular response rate.

โ€ขSevere bradycardia or prolonged pauses, including after cardioversion.

โ€ขTreatment of an associated medical problem, which is often the reason for the arrhythmia (eg, hypertension,infection, exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary embolism, pericarditis, persistent myocardial ischemia).It should be noted that AF alone is not an indication to rule out myocardial infarction

โ€ขFurther management of heart failure or hypotension after control rhythm or rate.

โ€ขInitiation of antiarrhythmic drug therapy (if patient and drug state necessitate hospitalization

โ€ขDifficult-to-control ventricular rates with evidence ischemia, congestive HF symptoms or signs, and severe symptoms are indications for at least a 24-hour admission.


9-0-ู„ูˆ ุดุงูƒูƒ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ shocked ูˆู„ ู„ุฃ ุจุชุญุณุจ
Sepsis index
Heart rate/systole=
ุญุณุจ
ู„ูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 1.5 ุฏู‡ ุดูˆูƒ
1-1.5 pre shock
ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 1> ู…ุด ุดูˆูƒ

10-ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุจูŠุชุงุฎุฏ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 45

11-ู„ูˆ
Refractory iron defeciency anemia>>celiac ?

12 - when to suspect malignancy in celiac patient?

13-testis and meninges are sites of recurrent leukemia

14- what are medical causes of retinal hemorrhage?
(not opthalmology)

-DM
-HTN
-subarachoid Hge
-bleeding tendency Dx

15-
70% of stomach ulcers improves on ppi even malignant ones
So>>if your patient improved on ppi, doesn't exclude malignancy

16- ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฏุนู… ุชุดุฎูŠุต Type 1 DM
ู‡ูŠ ุตุบุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 30 ูˆูˆุฑุงุซู‡ ูˆู…ููŠุด risk factor
ูˆass autoimmune
ูˆุชุทู„ุจ anti gad 65 ab
ุงู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏุนู… type 2
Risk factors +Homa IR testุŒ>35y

ุดูƒุฑุง๐Ÿฉท

KA Medical Notes โœจ

06 Jul, 22:34


ุฑูŠูƒูˆุฑุฏ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุชุชุตุฑู ุงุฒุงูŠ ู…ุน
Urine output
ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ูŠู„
"ุงูƒุชุฑ ุนูŠุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ูˆุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠู‡ "

KA Medical Notes โœจ

06 Jul, 22:32


URINE OUTPUT

ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุดูˆู ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุฏุฎู„ ูƒุงู… ูˆู…ุฎุฑุฌ ูƒุงู… ูˆุจุชtarget
+ve ูˆู„ุง - ve
Balance
ูˆูƒุงู….

ู…ุซุงู„ : ุนูŠุงู† chronic heart failure
ู…ุฏุฎู„ู‡ 2000 ุจุชุฎุฑุฌ 2600
ุนุงุฏู‡ ุจุช target
- ve balance
ูˆู„ูŠูƒู†
-500 to - 1000
ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุญุงู„ู‡

>>> +Link ู…ู‡ู…๐Ÿ”น
..

ุญุงุฌู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠู‡
ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ุถุบุทู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงุชุงูƒุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ
Antihypertensive drug
-
ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุฌุจุด ุจูˆู„ ุฎุงู„ุต ูˆู…ุด ู…ุชูุณุฑู‡ ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุณุทุฑุฉ

KA Medical Notes โœจ

26 Jun, 21:08


PDF ๐Ÿ‘†
ุนู„ุงุฌ DKA ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช UK

>> ูˆุฏู‡ ุฑูŠูƒูˆุฑุฏ ู…ุจุณุท ู„ู„ DKA

KA Medical Notes โœจ

26 Jun, 21:05


https://adobeacrobat.app.link/Mhhs4GmNsxb

KA Medical Notes โœจ

21 May, 13:18


Random notes 41

1-ุงุฒุงูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนูŠุงู† hypoxic
ูˆู…ุด cyanosedุŸ
ุงูˆู„ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† mild hypoxia

ุซุงู†ูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ severe Anemia
ูŠุนู†ูŠ hemoglobin ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูู…ุด ู‡ูŠุดูŠู„ co2 ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุตู„ุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู cyanosis

N.B: ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฒุฑู‚ุงู†
ุฏู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏู‡ co2 carried in HGB
ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุงูƒุณุฌูŠู†..

2-ุฃู…ุชู‡ ุชููƒุฑ ุงู† ุงู„ Cushing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ุฏู‡ ุบุงู„ุจุง paramilgnantุŸ ูˆู„ูŠุณ
Adrenal adenoma "cushing syndrome "
or
pituitary adenoma"cushing disease "?
ุงูˆู„ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ wt loss ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ููŠ ุงู„cushing ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุซุงู†ูŠุง severe hypokalemia.. ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ paramilgnant ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุนุฑุงุถ ุงูˆ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุณ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุจุจู‡ุง ุงู„tumor ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
Small cell lung cancer
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุทู„ุน ACTH ูŠุฒูˆุฏ cortisone
ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุงุตู„ุง ุฑุฆู‡

3-ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฑููŠุน ูˆู„ุง ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุŸ
ุงูˆู„ุง ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ wt loss
ุซุงู†ูŠุง ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุงูˆ sulphonulurea ู‡ูŠู…ู„ู‰
ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ GLP agonist ุงูˆ sglt 2 ู‡ูŠุฑูุน
ูˆุทุจุนุง ุฏู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„life style..

ุญุฏ ู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุงู…ุงู„ ุงู„
>Metformin, vildagiptin?
Wt neutral

4-ุนูŠุงู† multiple sclerosis ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุญุงุฌู‡ ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠู‡ุงุŸ
>>Optic neuritis
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุด ุจุนุฑู ุงูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงู„ูˆุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุงุชู„ู‡ ูˆุฑุฏ ูƒุฐุง ู„ูˆู† ูŠู‚ู„ูƒ ุงู†ุง ุดุงูŠูู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูˆู†+ ู„ูˆ ุญุฑูƒ ุนูŠู†ู‡ ุชุชุนุจ
ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุงู‡ ุชู†ู…ูŠู„ fleeting ู ูƒุฐุง ู…ูƒุงู† ู ุฌุณู…ู‡
ยฑ motor weakness
ยฑRAPD

5-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† agitated ูˆู‚ุฑุฑุช ุฎู„ุงุต ุชุฏูŠู„ู‡ ู…ู‡ุฏุฆ haloperidol ุนุถู„ุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ ู„ูŠู‡ ecg ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŒ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุงูƒุฏ ุงู† ู…ุด ู…ุนุงู‡
Prolonged QT
ู„ุงู† ู‡ุงู„ูˆุจุฑูŠุฏูˆู„ ู†ูุณู‡ ุจูŠุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุชุฏุฎู„ู‡ ู arrhythmia

6-ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุงุดุนู‡ ุจุงู„ุตุจุบู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุงุฐูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰" AKI"ุŒ ุจุณ ูŠุง ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ุตุจุบู‡ ุงู„Iv
ูˆู„ุง ุงู„oral ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุงุฐูˆุงุŸ
ุงู„IV ุชุงุฐูŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ

7-ู„ูˆ ู‡ุชุฑูƒุจ ู…ุฑูƒุจู‡ ุงูˆ ูŠุฎุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุฎู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒ betaserc 16mg ูˆ
ุจุฑู…ุจุฑุงู† tab

8 - ุดุฑุงุจ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงู„ูŠ ูŠุชู„ุจุณ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆูŠุชุดุงู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆู…ุŒ ูˆูŠุชู„ุจุณ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตุญู‰

9-ุชุณู…ุน ุนู† barrets esophagitis
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„sq mucosa ุจุชุงุนู‡
Lower โ…“ of esophagus
ูŠุญุตู„ู‡ุง columnar metaplasia
ูˆูŠูƒุชุดู ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ูˆุนูŠู†ู‡
Upper GI endoscopy
ุฎุทูˆุฑุชู‡ ุงู† ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ู…ุชุงุจุนู‡ ู„ูŠู‚ู„ุจ
Adenocarcinoma
ูˆู„ูˆ ุงู† ูุฑุตุชู‡ุง 0.5ูช
ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุชุงุจุนู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุŸ
ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ
Degree of dysplasia :-
- no dysplasia > after year then every 5 years
- low grade > every 6 months
-high grade > every 3 months

10- in post cardiac arrest pt who doesn't regain full conscious
Do> Therapeutic hypothermia

11- hypothermia ู‡ู„
ููŠ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุงูŠู‡ ุชูุณุฑ polyureaุŸ
ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจู‡ ุงู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง cold diuresis

12-heparin Unfractionated cause platelet drop (HIT)

- CLEXANE doesn't cause platelet drop

- steroid"dexa" TTT thombocyopenia "if autoimmune"

13-ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† in prolonged starvation ุฒูŠ ู…ุฑูŠุถ git malignancy ุงูˆ IOุŒ ูˆุฌูŠุช ุนู…ู„ุชู„ู‡
Refeeding
ู…ุฑู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ุณูˆุงุก ุจุฃูƒู„ ุงูˆุฑุงู„ ุงูˆ "TPN"ุŒ
ุŒุชูˆู‚ุน
Refeeding syndrome
In form of hypophosphatemia
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุธู‡ุฑ
Arrhythmias or constipation
ุงูˆ ุธู‡ุฑ aki ู…ุด ู…ุชูุณุฑู‡ >ุงุณุญุจ
Total CPk (Rhabdomyolysis)

14- ุนุงุฏู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุจ ู†ุฏูŠ
K sparing diuretics for HTN or Heart failure,
ุจู†ุฏูŠ spironolactone (Spectone 25 ยฎ)
ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡ ุฏูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุณ ุจุชุงุน
K sparing diuretics
ุงุณู…ู‡ epleronone
"tensoprelon ยฎ25 mg" 1x2

ูˆุฏู‡ ู‡ูุถู„ู‡ ุนู† Spectone ุฃู…ุชู‡ุŸ
~If patient has any anti-androgenic effects (or to avoid it) as osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, depression, fatigue, anemia ..

ู„ุงู† ุชูŠู†ุณูˆุจุฑูŠู„ูˆู† ุฏู‡ selective
Have no anti androgenic effects

ุŒู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฎุฑ ู„ูˆ S.E ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููˆู‚ ุฏูˆู„ ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ุชูŠู†ุณูˆุจุฑูŠู„ูˆู†.

15- ุงู„central line ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุจูŠุฑูƒุจู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณูˆุฑุณ ุนุฏูˆู‰ CRBSI ุŒ ู‡ุชุดูƒ ุงุฒุงูŠุŸ

>> ู…ูƒุงู† ุฏุฎูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุทู„ุน pus ุงูˆ
ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุนุงู‡ evidence of infection ุฒูŠ ุญุฑุงุฑู‡ ุŒTLC high, high crp
ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุนุฏูˆู‰ ูˆุงุถุญ.

ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุทุฑุญ ูƒุฐุง ุณุคุงู„.
1-)ุงุดูŠู„ู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ
2_)ู‡ุทู„ุจ ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุงูŠู‡ ุŸ
3_)ู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู†ู‡ูŠ antibiotic?
4_)ู‡ุชุฑุงู‚ุจ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡:
ุณ1 :ู…ุชุดูŠู„ูˆุด ุงู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฏุฎู„ ู Septic shock ูˆุถุบุทู‡ ูˆู‚ุน
ุงูˆ ุดูุช pus ุจุนูŠู†ูƒ
ุงูˆ ุนุฏู‰ 72 ุณุงุนู‡ ู…ู† ุฅุนุทุงุก antibiotics ูˆุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุชุญุณู†ุด

ุณ2: ุชุทู„ุจ blood culture,
Culture from central line insertion site,
(( crp, cbc day after day)..

ุณ3:ู‡ุชุบุทูŠ gm +ve ุจ Vancomycin ุจุฌุฑุนู‡ 1-2 ุฌู… /8 ุณุงุนุงุช (ุญุณุจ ุงู„ูˆุฒู†)
ู‡ุชุบุทู‰ Gm - ve ุจ cefepime ุงูˆ
Ceftazidime (fortum ยฎ) 2gm/8H
ุฏู‡ ุจุงูุชุฑุงุถ ุงู† ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุณู„ูŠู…ู‡
(ู„ูˆ ุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนู‡ ูˆุณุฑุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง )

ุณ4:ุฑุงู‚ุจ ุงู„ุถุบุท, ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ, ุงู„ู†ุจุถ, ุงู„RR, ุงู„UOP.. ู„ูˆ ุงุจุชุฏุง ูŠุจู‚ุง Shocked ุญุทู„ู‡ ู„ูŠฺคูˆ ู„ูˆ ุถุบุทู‡ ู…ู…ุณูƒุด ุจ fluids.

16- ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† hypothyroid ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ dyslipidemia ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ุง ุจ Thyroxine

17- ู‡ุฏูŠ ุจูŠูƒุงุฑุจ ู DKA ู„ูˆ:
PH<6.9
COMA
Hyperkalemia
Shock

18- ู„ูŠู†ูƒ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ macleod ู„ู„Ex


ูˆุดูƒุฑุง โœŒ๏ธ

KA Medical Notes โœจ

25 Apr, 18:55


ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ูุตู„ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
"Plasmapheresis "
ู…ู† ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช sussex ู UK


ูˆุฏูŠู‡
Indications for plasmapharesis
....

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