Publications du canal World_Polity

JHUMOIR BINANDINI
• A folk dance performed by the Adivasi tea tribes of Assam.
• performed by both men and women
• performed in Assam, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Bihar and West Bengal.
• Jhumur songs narrate stories of migration, exploitation, and the social struggles of the tea garden community.
• Musical instruments such as the madal, dhol, dhak, flutes, and cymbals.
• Jhumur was brought to Assam by the tea garden community.
• They settled in Assam in the 19th century to work in tea gardens established by the British.
• Mega Jhumoir event symbolises 200 years of the tea industry, and also 200 years of industrialisation in Assam.

🌾 India’s Food Subsidy and Crop Production: Key Highlights

📊 Food Subsidy Trends (2017–2024)
✅ 2017-18: ₹1,00,000 crore
✅ 2018-19: ₹1,20,000 crore
✅ 2019-20: ₹1,50,000 crore
✅2020-21:₹6,00,000 crore(Peak)
✅ 2021-22: ₹2,50,000 crore
✅ 2022-23: ₹3,00,000 crore
✅ 2023-24: ₹2,50,000 crore


🌾 State-Wise Leading Crop Producers
✅ Food Grains: Uttar Pradesh > Madhya Pradesh > Punjab
✅ Millets: Rajasthan > Karnataka > Madhya Pradesh
✅ Pulses: Madhya Pradesh > Maharashtra > Rajasthan
✅ Oilseeds: Rajasthan > Madhya Pradesh > Gujarat

🌱 Major Crops Overview

🌾 Rice
✅ Global Producers: China > India
✅ Leading States: Telangana > Uttar Pradesh > West Bengal
✅ Temperature: 21–37°C
✅ Rainfall: 100 cm+

🌾 Wheat
✅ Global Producers: China > India
✅ Leading States: Uttar Pradesh > Madhya Pradesh > Punjab
✅ Temperature: 10–25°C
✅ Rainfall: 50–75 cm

🌽 Maize
✅ Global Producers: USA
✅ Leading States: Karnataka > Bihar > Madhya Pradesh
✅ Temperature: 21–27°C
✅ Rainfall: 50–100 cm

🌾 Sugarcane
✅ Global Producers: Brazil > India
✅ Leading States: Uttar Pradesh > Maharashtra > Karnataka
✅ Temperature: 21–27°C
✅ Rainfall: 75–100 cm

🌿 Tea
✅ Global Producers: China > India > Kenya
✅ Leading States: Assam > West Bengal > Tamil Nadu
✅ Temperature: 20–30°C
✅ Rainfall: 150–300 cm

☕️ Coffee
✅ Global Producers: Brazil
✅ Leading States: Karnataka > Kerala > Tamil Nadu
✅ Temperature: 15–28°C

🌾 Cotton
✅ Global Producers: China > India > USA
✅ Leading States: Gujarat > Maharashtra > Telangana
✅ Temperature: 21–27°C
✅ Rainfall: 50–100 cm

🌱 Other Important Crops

🌿 Groundnut
✅ Global Producers: China > India
✅ Leading States: Gujarat > Rajasthan > Madhya Pradesh

🌻 Sunflower
✅ Global Producers: Ukraine
✅ Leading States: Karnataka > Haryana > Odisha

🌾 Rapeseed and Mustard: NEPAL
✅ Leading States: Rajasthan > Uttar Pradesh > Madhya Pradesh

🌾 Jute and Mesta
✅ Global Producers: India > Bangladesh
✅ Leading States: West Bengal > Bihar > Assam

🌱 Rubber
✅ Global Producers: Thailand > Indonesia > India
✅ Leading States: Kerala > Tripura > Karnataka
✅ Temperature: 25°C+
✅ Rainfall: 200 cm+

#AGRICULTURE

The Tropic of Cancer is an imaginary line that passes through eight states in India: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. 

Key facts
•The Tropic of Cancer is a parallel of latitude that runs 23.5 degrees north of the equator. 

•The Mahi River is the only river in India that crosses the Tropic of Cancer twice. 

•The capital of Jharkhand, Ranchi, is the only state capital in India that is located on the Tropic of Cancer. 

•Udaipur in Tripura is the closest city to the Tropic of Cancer. 

•The Tropic of Cancer passes through 17 nations. 

States where the Tropic of Cancer passes through 

•Gujarat: Jasdan
•Rajasthan: Kalinjarh
•Madhya Pradesh: Shajapur
•Chhattisgarh: Sonhat
•Jharkhand: Lohardaga
•West Bengal: Krishnanagar
•Tripura: Udaipur
•Mizoram: Champhai
When the sun's rays fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer
The summer solstice is on June 21, and the sun's rays fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer. This is why summers in India are very hot.

🔔 NEW RAMSAR SITES in INDIA
• India has increased its tally of Ramsar sites to 89 now.
• Newly Added Ramsar Sites (February 2025) ::
- Sakkarakottai Bird Sanctuary (Tamil Nadu)
- Therthangal Bird Sanctuary Tamil Nadu)
- Khecheopalri Wetland (Sikkim)
- Udhwa Lake (Jharkhand)
• Ramsar is a city in Iran.
• In 1971, an international treaty for wetlands conservation and sustainable use was signed at Ramsar.
• Mission is “the conservation and wise use of all wetlands through local and national actions and international cooperation."
• World’s first Site was the Cobourg Peninsula in Australia, designated in 1974.
• India signed it on 1st Feb 1982.
• Tamil Nadu has the maximum no. of Ramsar sites - 20
• Assam has only one Ramsar site : DEEPOR BEEL designated in 2002.
• Manipur : Loktak Lake
• Mizoram : Pala Wetland
• Tripura : Rudrasagar Lake
• Sikkim : Khecheopalri Wetland (newly added)

🔔 ECONOMIC SURVEY
• Economic Survey is an annual document presented by the Ministry of Finance of India.
• It provides an analysis of the country’s economic performance over the past year.
• highlights important developments, challenges, and achievements.
• presented a day before the Union Budget in Parliament.
• prepared under the guidance of the Chief Economic Adviser (CEA) to the Government of India. As of January 2025, Dr. V. Anantha Nageswaran holds this esteemed position
• The first Economic Survey was presented in 1950-51 and
• initially it came along with the Budget but it published separately from 1964, a day before the budget.
• India's Gross domestic product (GDP) is projected to grow between 6.3-6.8% in FY26 (2025-26).
• The unemployment rate of the country remains declines to 3.2%.
• The agriculture sector is expected to grow by 3.8%.
• NOTE :: IMPORTANT SCHEMES ::
- PM - Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana, National Bioenergy Programme, National Green Hydrogen Mission and PM-KUSUM.
- Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan, DIKSHA, STARS, PARAKH, PM SHRI, ULLAS, PM POSHAN

• Note :: Himalayan and North Eastern States were not included.

🔔FISCAL HEALTH INDEX (FHI) REPORT 2025
• NITI Aayog has released the first Fiscal Health Index (FHI) report.
• Chairman of the 16th Finance Commission, Dr. Arvind Panagariya, launched it.
• Fiscal Health Index 2025” ranked States for 2022-23.
• It covers 18 major States in terms of -- India’s GDP, demography, total public expenditure, revenues, and overall fiscal stability.
• State Categories ::
• Achievers - Top Performing : Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Jharkhand and Gujarat
• Front-Runners : Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana,
• Aspirational States (Worst Performers) : Haryana, Kerala, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, and Punjab.

🏅BHARAT RATNA
• announced annually on the eve of Republic Day.
• Instituted on 2 January 1954.
• literally means 'Jewel of India'.
• current medal is in the shape of a peepal leaf rimmed in platinum and a certificate known as a ‘Sanad.’
• The words "Bharat Ratna" on the obverse side and "Satyameva Jayate" on the reverse side.
• A 51 mm white ribbon is attached to the medal so it can be worn around the neck.
• Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence.
• Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) : The first recipient of the Bharat Ratna.
• The recommendations for the award are made by the Prime Minister to the President.
• It is presented by the President of India.

⏰ NATIONAL VOTERS DAY (NVD)
• celebrated annually on January 25
• Instituted in 2011.
• first National Voters Day was celebrated on January 25, 2011.
• honors the foundation of the Election Commission of India established on 25th January 1950.
• First Election Commissioner Sukumer Sen.
- Present :: Dr Sukhbir Singh Sandhu
• The year 2025 will mark the 15th National Voters Day.
• 2025 theme is: “Nothing like voting, I vote for sure”.
• India’s journey towards universal suffrage began with the Representation of the People Act, 1950.
• first general election was held in 1951-52.
• Right to vote is a constitutional right guaranteed to every citizen under Article 326, based on adult suffrage.
• Voting Age :: The voting age in India was lowered from 21 to 18 years by the 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988.
- came into effect on March 28, 1989

✅ UPSC CSE 2025 Notification Out
✅ Total Vacancies - 979