Rakshan IAS Academy @rakshaniasacademy Channel on Telegram

Rakshan IAS Academy

25 Jan, 11:55

💥💥Special Module on GROUP 1 MAINS ECONOMY by Venkatesh Paarumanchala Sir💥💥

150 Days Q&A Discussion + Evaluation

🔥FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 2 TELUGU STATES

Starts on 27th January 2024

-Indian Economy
-AP/TG Economy
-Bilingual
-Personal Evaluation by Faculty himself

✨Join the Module to become highest scorer in Economy✨

Contact 90591 90571, @Enquiry_RakshanIAS for all details.

Download ‘Rakshan Learning App’ to know about our courses.

59

Rakshan IAS Academy

24 Jan, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“You want to recognise your Full Potential?

Then first TRUST Yourself. Everything begins here.”😊👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

102

Rakshan IAS Academy

24 Jan, 16:12

Rakshan Prelims Mentorship by Dr. Mamatha mam

UPSC Prelims Amplifier 2025

Begins on 3rd of February

✅ Common Mentorship

✅ Personal Mentorship

✅ Rigorous Batch

To join, Contact: 90591 90571, @Enquiry_RakshanIAS

122

Rakshan IAS Academy

24 Jan, 10:43

Rakshan CSAT 2025 Schedule

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Begins on 30th of January

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148

Rakshan IAS Academy

24 Jan, 09:37

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Venus - Hostility to Life"

Venus is the second planet from the Sun and is often called Earth's "sister planet" due to its similar size, mass, and composition.
🔹However, the environment on Venus is extremely hostile to life as we know it.
🔹Despite these similarities, Venus has an atmosphere and surface conditions that are vastly different from those on Earth.
🔹The planet's thick atmosphere, extreme temperatures, and toxic composition make it highly unlikely for human life, or any life as we understand it, to exist.
🔹Atmosphere of Venus: Venus has a thick atmosphere, which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide (CO₂), with traces of nitrogen and clouds of sulfuric acid. The concentration of CO₂ is around 96-97% of the atmosphere, which creates a strong greenhouse effect. This leads to extremely high temperatures on the planet's surface.
🔹Surface Temperature: Due to the high levels of carbon dioxide and the resulting greenhouse effect, Venus has surface temperatures that average around 470°C (878°F), which is hotter than the surface of Mercury, even though Venus is farther from the Sun. These temperatures are hot enough to melt lead, making the planet inhospitable to life.
🔹Atmospheric Pressure: The pressure at the surface of Venus is about 92 times that of Earth, similar to the pressure found 900 meters (3,000 feet) underwater on Earth. This intense pressure further complicates the possibility of human life existing on Venus.
🔹Other Hazardous Conditions: Venus is also known for its thick clouds of sulfuric acid, high winds, and virtually no water, further eliminating any chance for life to survive.

130

Rakshan IAS Academy

24 Jan, 07:19

UPSC Prelims Amplifier CSAT 2025

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131

Rakshan IAS Academy

23 Jan, 23:34

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Warriors are not the ones who always WIN but the ones who always FIGHT. KEEP FIGHTING.“😊👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
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159

Rakshan IAS Academy

23 Jan, 14:28

https://youtube.com/shorts/JBZ7mTXHGlk?feature=shared

133

Rakshan IAS Academy

23 Jan, 09:37

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Moon -Tidal Locking"

The Moon's motion in space is quite fascinating, as it exhibits a phenomenon known as synchronous rotation or tidal locking.
🔹This means that the Moon takes the same amount of time to rotate around its axis as it does to orbit the Earth.
🔹As a result, only one hemisphere (or "face") of the Moon is visible from Earth.
🔹This concept is important in understanding the relationship between the Moon's rotation and its revolution around the Earth.
🔹The same face of the Moon is always presented to the Earth.
🔹 The Moon is in a state of synchronous rotation, meaning it completes one full rotation on its axis in the same time it takes to orbit the Earth.
🔹The Moon rotates about its own axis in 23 and a half days, which is about the same time that it takes to orbit the Earth.
🔹The Moon takes approximately 27.3 days to orbit the Earth (its orbital period) and about 27.3 days to complete one rotation on its axis.
🔹The value of 23 and a half days mentioned in the reason refers to the sidereal day of the Moon (the time it takes to complete one rotation relative to distant stars), while the synodic month (the time it takes for the Moon to go through its phases) is about 29.5 days.
🔹However, the time taken to orbit Earth and rotate on its axis is close enough to explain why the same face of the Moon is always presented to Earth.

169

Rakshan IAS Academy

23 Jan, 05:51

https://youtu.be/E17fE9iNaPE

Group 1 Mains Economy by Venkatesh Paarumanchala Sir.

To join, kindly contact 90591 90571, @Enquiry_RakshanIAS

149

Rakshan IAS Academy

23 Jan, 04:34

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#Polity

148

Rakshan IAS Academy

22 Jan, 23:32

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“If you don’t separate yourself from DISTRACTIONS, your distractions will separate you from your GOALS. Stay Conscious.“😊👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
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169

Rakshan IAS Academy

13 Jan, 09:37

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Musical Instruments - Sound"

Sound is produced by vibrating objects, and musical instruments are designed to produce specific vibrations that create distinct sound waves.
🔹These vibrations travel through air and are interpreted by our ears as sound.
🔹Pitch: This is the perceived frequency of a sound. A higher frequency corresponds to a higher pitch, and a lower frequency corresponds to a lower pitch. If two instruments produce the same note, the pitch is the same.
🔹Loudness: This refers to the amplitude of the sound waves. A louder sound has greater amplitude, and a quieter sound has lower amplitude. Even if two instruments produce the same note, they may differ in how loud or soft the sound is.
🔹Quality (Timbre): Timbre is the characteristic that distinguishes different sounds that have the same pitch and loudness. The timbre of an instrument depends on its material, shape, and the way it produces sound. For example, the sound of a sitar is rich with overtones and has a distinctive plucked resonance, while a flute produces a smooth, pure sound without as many overtones.
🔹In the case of a sitar and a flute, both instruments might play the same note (same pitch and loudness), but the timbre or quality of the sound will be quite different.
🔹This difference arises because the sitar produces a complex harmonic spectrum due to its strings and the way it is plucked, while the flute produces a more pure tone with fewer overtones. This is why we can easily identify whether the sound is coming from a sitar or a flute, even if the note being played is identical in pitch and loudness.

94

Rakshan IAS Academy

11 Jan, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“No improvement in marks? KEEP WORKING.
Scoring highest in Mocks? KEEP WORKING. Balance the highs and lows till you achieve your bigger target.“ 😊👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

161

Rakshan IAS Academy

11 Jan, 05:36

https://youtube.com/shorts/GuXUbWOIQ1w?feature=share

85

Rakshan IAS Academy

11 Jan, 05:35

UPSC Prelims Amplifier CSAT 2025

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78

Rakshan IAS Academy

10 Jan, 23:33

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Be mentally attractive by having proper goals and chasing them hard to build your future. IT IS IN YOUR HANDS.“ 😊👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
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168

Rakshan IAS Academy

10 Jan, 15:39

https://youtube.com/shorts/GuXUbWOIQ1w?feature=share

230

Rakshan IAS Academy

10 Jan, 09:37

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Tamralipti"

During the Gupta period (approximately 4th to 6th century AD), India experienced a golden age marked by significant developments in culture, art, science, and trade.
🔹The Gupta Empire, under rulers like Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, and Chandragupta II, facilitated the growth of both domestic and international trade. This period saw a flourishing of trade routes both by land and sea.
🔹Tamralipti (modern Tamluk, located in present-day West Bengal) was one of the most prominent ports in North India during the Gupta period.
🔹It played a central role in facilitating trade between the Gangetic plains and other regions, including the Southeast Asian countries and the Mediterranean world.
🔹Strategic Location: Tamralipti was situated near the Bay of Bengal, which made it an important maritime port for trade. Its location on the river Ganges also allowed it to handle both riverine and sea-based trade, acting as a major point for exports and imports.
🔹Trade Routes: The port of Tamralipti was connected to various parts of India and beyond. It was a key link in the Indian Ocean trade network, facilitating the export of goods such as spices, silks, precious stones, and ivory to Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, and even Rome. It also handled the import of goods like glassware, wine, and Roman coins.
🔹Cultural Significance: Due to its active role in trade, Tamralipti was also a cultural hub. It attracted merchants and travelers from across the world, which influenced the development of art, architecture, and religious practices in the region.
🔹Decline: While Tamralipti flourished during the Gupta period, its significance declined with the changing trade routes in the subsequent centuries, especially after the rise of new port cities.

Tamralipti was the primary port handling North Indian trade during the Gupta period. Its strategic location and connectivity made it a vital center for both inland and maritime trade.

179

Rakshan IAS Academy

10 Jan, 07:53

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65

Rakshan IAS Academy

10 Jan, 04:36

@RakshanIASAcademy

#UPSCPrelims2025
#Polity

144

Rakshan IAS Academy

08 Jan, 04:33

@RakshanIASAcademy

#UPSCPrelims2025
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47

Rakshan IAS Academy

07 Jan, 09:37

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Trade in 3rd Century India"

During the third century AD, the Roman Empire faced numerous challenges, including the invasion of the Huns, which led to the decline and eventual fall of the Western Roman Empire by the end of the fifth century.
🔹This marked a significant shift in global trade patterns. As the Roman Empire weakened, Indian merchants had to adapt and find new trading partners and routes to sustain their commercial activities.
🔹One of the key regions that emerged as a crucial hub for trade during this period was the Middle East. Indian merchants increasingly relied on trade with the Middle East, particularly with the Sassanian Empire in Persia, as well as the Arabian Peninsula.
🔹The Middle East acted as an important intermediary for Indian goods, which were traded with Europe, Africa, and the rest of Asia.
🔹The Middle Eastern trade routes connected India with the Mediterranean world, including regions like Egypt, Syria, and the Byzantine Empire. The Silk Road also played an essential role, connecting India to Central Asia, the Persian Empire, and even parts of Europe and China. However, after the fall of the Roman Empire and the disruption of trade routes, the Middle East remained a critical bridge for trade between India and the West.

Key Developments in the Middle-Eastern Trade:
🔹Persian Empire (Sassanid Dynasty): The Sassanid Persians controlled key overland trade routes, facilitating the exchange of goods such as spices, textiles, and precious metals between India and the Mediterranean world.
🔹Arabian Trade Routes: Arab merchants played a significant role in connecting India to the Mediterranean world via land and sea routes, especially after the rise of Islam in the 7th century, which further expanded the trade network.
🔹Sea Routes: Indian merchants also used the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf to ship goods to and from the Middle East, linking India to regions across Africa and the Mediterranean.

101

Rakshan IAS Academy

07 Jan, 04:34

@RakshanIASAcademy

#UPSCPrelims2025
#Polity

116

Rakshan IAS Academy

06 Jan, 23:33

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“The Power of Not Giving Up is Real. Try it and experience yourself.”😊👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

131

Rakshan IAS Academy

06 Jan, 09:38

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Eight Fold Path"

The Eightfold Path is one of the core teachings of Buddhism and is part of the Fourth Noble Truth.
🔹It provides a practical guide for ethical conduct, mental discipline, and wisdom, aiming to end suffering (dukkha) and achieve enlightenment (nirvana).
🔹It includes eight interconnected principles which can be grouped into three categories: morality (sila), meditation (samadhi), and wisdom (prajna). The Eightfold Path consists of:

1. Right Understanding (Samma Ditthi) – Understanding the nature of reality and the Four Noble Truths.
2. Right Thought (Samma Sankappa) – Cultivating thoughts of renunciation, non-violence, and compassion.
3. Right Speech (Samma Vaca) – Speaking truthfully, kindly, and avoiding slander.
4. Right Action (Samma Kammanta) – Acting in ways that are ethical and harm no one.
5. Right Livelihood (Samma Ajiva) – Earning a living in a way that does not harm others.
6. Right Effort (Samma Vayama) – Making efforts to prevent unwholesome states and cultivating good ones.
7. Right Mindfulness (Samma Sati) – Being aware of the body, feelings, mind, and phenomena in the present moment.
8. Right Concentration (Samma Samadhi) – Developing deep states of meditation or mental focus.

Dharma Chakara Pravartana Sutta
🔹The Dharma Chakara Pravartana Sutta (often called the "Turning of the Wheel of Dharma") is one of the most important suttas (discourses) in Buddhism.
🔹It marks the moment when the Buddha delivered his first sermon after attaining enlightenment, which laid out the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.
🔹This discourse was given at the Deer Park in Sarnath to five of the Buddha's former companions. The Dharma Chakara Pravartana Sutta is significant because it introduces the path to liberation, guiding individuals on how to overcome suffering by following the Eightfold Path. This teaching becomes the foundational framework for Buddhist practice.

Thus, the Eightfold Path is integral to the Dharma Chakara Pravartana Sutta, making it the correct answer to the question.

152

Rakshan IAS Academy

05 Jan, 23:32

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“You can’t add Days to your Life. But you can add Life to your Days. Think about it.”😊👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

173

Rakshan IAS Academy

05 Jan, 09:13

UPSC Prelims Amplifier CSAT 2025

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201

Rakshan IAS Academy

04 Jan, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

Take the RISK or Lose the CHANCE. Decision is YOURS.👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
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184

Rakshan IAS Academy

04 Jan, 11:38

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222

Rakshan IAS Academy

03 Jan, 23:34

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

If you refuse DISCIPLINE today, you will repeat the same MISTAKES tomorrow. Never do that.👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
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196

Rakshan IAS Academy

03 Jan, 12:03

@RakshanIASAcademy

#UPSCPrelims2025
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196

Rakshan IAS Academy

03 Jan, 09:48

PYQ - Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Brahmo Samaj? [2012 - I]
1. It opposed idolatry.
2. It denied the need for a priestly class for interpreting the religious texts.
3. It popularized the doctrine that the Vedas are infallible.

179

Rakshan IAS Academy

03 Jan, 09:38

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Brahmo Samaj"

The Brahmo Samaj was a social and religious reform movement founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828 in Bengal.
🔹The movement sought to reform and modernize Hindu society, promoting the ideas of monotheism, rationalism, and social justice.
🔹It aimed to remove social evils such as idolatry, caste discrimination, and the treatment of women, while also emphasizing the importance of reason and morality in religious practice.
🔹It opposed idolatry: One of the key principles of the Brahmo Samaj was its opposition to idolatry in Hinduism.
🔹Raja Ram Mohan Roy believed that worshipping idols was a form of superstition, and he sought to promote the worship of one God, for which the Samaj rejected idol worship.
🔹It denied the need for a priestly class for interpreting the religious texts: The Brahmo Samaj did not believe in the necessity of a priestly class to mediate between God and the followers.
🔹It encouraged individuals to read and interpret the sacred texts, such as the Vedas and the Upanishads, on their own, fostering direct personal spirituality.
🔹It popularized the doctrine that the Vedas are infallible: This statement is incorrect.

The Brahmo Samaj did not necessarily believe in the infallibility of the Vedas. While the Vedas were respected as ancient texts, the Brahmo Samaj emphasized rationalism and believed that religious practices should be based on reason and moral teachings, not blind adherence to any scriptures.

184

Rakshan IAS Academy

02 Jan, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

No tree can grow to heaven unless it’s roots reach down to hell. Similarly, without facing Challenges courageously, You can’t achieve WHAT YOU WANT.👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

200

Rakshan IAS Academy

02 Jan, 12:31

@RakshanIASAcademy

#UPSCPrelims2025
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207

Rakshan IAS Academy

25 Dec, 11:32

@RakshanIASAcademy

#UPSCPrelims2025
#Polity
#LegislativeCouncil

54

Rakshan IAS Academy

25 Dec, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Carbon Fertilization"
Carbon fertilization is a concept that refers to the enhanced growth of plants due to increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere.
🔹This process is driven by the principle of photosynthesis, wherein plants absorb CO₂ and, in the presence of sunlight, convert it into glucose and oxygen.
🔹In the context of climate change, understanding carbon fertilization is vital for evaluating its potential impact on global ecosystems, agriculture, and biodiversity, as well as its implications for global food security and environmental policy.
🔹Plants absorb CO₂ through their stomata (small pores on leaves), and the process of photosynthesis converts it into glucose.
🔹In the presence of more CO₂, C3 plants (such as rice, wheat, and soybeans) experience an increase in photosynthesis, potentially leading to higher growth and crop yields.
🔹C3 plants benefit significantly from elevated CO₂ levels, as their photosynthetic pathway is most affected by CO₂ availability.
🔹Major staple crops like wheat, rice, and soybean may exhibit higher growth rates and productivity with more CO₂.

74

Rakshan IAS Academy

24 Dec, 13:31

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#UPSCPrelims2025
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139

Rakshan IAS Academy

24 Dec, 09:37

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Prosopis Juliflora"
Prosopis juliflora, commonly known as mesquite, is an invasive species of plant that poses significant environmental challenges.
🔹Native to South America, Central America, and the Caribbean.
Introduced in India in the late 19th century for afforestation, as a source of fuelwood, and to prevent desertification.
🔹Allelopathic Effects: Prosopis juliflora releases chemicals that inhibit the growth of native plant species.
🔹Dense Canopy: Forms dense thickets, reducing sunlight penetration and competing for nutrients, which adversely affects the growth of other plants.
🔹Threat to Wildlife: Reduction in native vegetation impacts food availability and habitat for local wildlife.
🔹Environmental Challenges: Depletes groundwater due to its deep-rooted nature.
🔹Reduces soil fertility by altering soil properties.
🔹Social and Economic Concerns: While it provides fuelwood for rural communities, its invasive nature makes agricultural land unusable.

134

Rakshan IAS Academy

23 Dec, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Your life is not yours if you care about what others think. So, FOCUS ON YOU.“👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

148

Rakshan IAS Academy

23 Dec, 09:46

PYQ - The term "sixth mass extinction/sixth extinction" is often mentioned in the news in the context of the discussion of [2018]
(a) Widespread monoculture practices in agriculture and large-scale commercial farming with indiscriminate use of chemicals in many parts of the world that may result in the loss of good native ecosystems.
(b) Fears of a possible collision of a meteorite with the Earth in the near future in the manner it happened 65 million years ago that caused the mass extinction of many species including those of dinosaurs. .
(c) Large scale cultivation of genetically modified crops in many parts of the world and promoting their cultivation in other parts of the world which may cause the disappearance of good native crop plants and the loss of food biodiversity.
(d) Mankind's over-exploitation/misuse of natural resources, fragmentation/loss of natural habitats, destruction of ecosystems, pollution and global climate change.

170

Rakshan IAS Academy

23 Dec, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Sixth Mass Extinction"
The sixth mass extinction, also known as the Anthropocene Extinction, refers to the ongoing and accelerated loss of species primarily caused by human activities.
🔹It is considered the most significant biodiversity crisis since the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
🔹A mass extinction occurs when a substantial number of species across various habitats and ecosystems become extinct within a short geological period.
🔹Earth has previously experienced five mass extinctions, with the most famous being the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction, which wiped out the dinosaurs.
🔹Unlike previous extinctions caused by natural phenomena (asteroids, volcanic eruptions, climate shifts), the sixth mass extinction is primarily driven by human activities.
🔹It began approximately 10,000 years ago, coinciding with the advent of agriculture and later accelerating with industrialization.
🔹The sixth mass extinction poses an existential threat to life on Earth.
🔹Tackling this crisis requires global cooperation, strong conservation policies, and grassroots-level action

161

Rakshan IAS Academy

22 Dec, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Setbacks are not the end. They are the stepping stones to shaping history. DON’T STOP.“👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

169

Rakshan IAS Academy

06 Dec, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Enjoy your own company. Define your own limits and have only ONE AIM- Dominate the GAME”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

114

Rakshan IAS Academy

06 Dec, 09:46

PYQ
Assertion (A) : Unlike temperate forests, the tropical rain forests, if cleared, can yield productive farmland that can support intensive agriculture for several years even without chemical fertilizers.
Reason (R) : The primary productivity of the tropical rain forest is very high when compared to that of temperate forests. [2003]

132

Rakshan IAS Academy

06 Dec, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Tropical vs Temperate Forests "
Tropical rainforests are characterized by high biodiversity and dense vegetation.
🔹However, the soils in tropical rainforests are often nutrient-poor, despite the lush vegetation.
🔹This is because the majority of nutrients are stored in the biomass (plants, trees, and decomposing organic matter) rather than the soil.
🔹The soil itself tends to be leached due to the continuous rainfall and heavy weathering, leaving it infertile over time.
🔹The high rainfall in tropical regions leads to nutrient leaching, where essential nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus are washed away from the topsoil.
🔹Soil erosion and the lack of nutrient regeneration further reduce soil fertility once the forest is cleared.
🔹Therefore, if tropical rainforests are cleared for agriculture, the soil tends to degrade quickly, leading to lower productivity unless fertilizers are used.
🔹Temperate forests (found in higher latitudes) experience a seasonal climate, with cold winters and warm summers. This restricts the growing season and, as a result, their primary productivity is lower compared to tropical rainforests.
🔹Unlike tropical forests, temperate forests store more nutrients in the soil, which is richer in organic matter compared to tropical soils. This makes temperate soils more capable of sustaining agriculture for longer periods without additional inputs.

130

Rakshan IAS Academy

06 Dec, 05:32

@RakshanIASAcademy

#upscprelims2025
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121

Rakshan IAS Academy

05 Dec, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Always believe that You are your own COMPETITOR and You are Born to WIN.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

145

Rakshan IAS Academy

05 Dec, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Atmospheric Moisture and Latitude"
Moisture in the atmosphere largely depends on temperature, which is influenced by latitude.
🔹Equatorial Regions (Low Latitudes): These areas receive more direct sunlight, leading to higher temperatures.
🔹Warm air can hold more water vapor, resulting in high humidity and frequent rainfall (e.g., tropical rainforests).
🔹Polar Regions (High Latitudes): These areas receive less solar radiation, leading to lower temperatures.
🔹Cold air has a limited capacity to hold moisture, resulting in dry conditions (e.g., tundra and polar deserts).
🔹Role of Temperature: The capacity of air to hold moisture is directly proportional to temperature. This is governed by the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship, which states that warm air holds exponentially more water vapor than cold air.
🔹For example: At 30°C, 1 kg of air can hold approximately 30 grams of water vapor. At 10°C, the capacity drops to about 9 grams.
🔹Impact on Climate: Regions with higher temperatures (near the equator) experience evaporation and moisture-laden air, leading to heavy precipitation in the form of rain (e.g., Intertropical Convergence Zone).
🔹Mid-latitudes have varying moisture levels due to shifting wind patterns (westerlies) and ocean currents.
🔹High latitudes are dry due to reduced evaporation and cold temperatures, limiting the air’s capacity to hold moisture.

144

Rakshan IAS Academy

05 Dec, 05:32

World Soil Day is celebrated on December 5 to raise awareness about the importance of soil for food security, ecosystem health, and sustainable development.
✏️The day emphasizes the need for better soil management to ensure the well-being of future generations.
✏️Soil degradation, caused by deforestation, overuse of chemicals, and urbanization, poses a significant challenge to global agriculture and biodiversity.
✏️The theme for each year focuses on sustainable soil practices, promoting soil health, and encouraging policies for land conservation.
✏️Protecting soil is essential for combating climate change and ensuring resilient food systems.

154

Rakshan IAS Academy

05 Dec, 03:11

@RakshanIASAcademy

#upscprelims2025
#Ashtamudilake
#Ramsarsites

142

Rakshan IAS Academy

04 Dec, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“If you want BIG THINGS to happen in your life, STOP THINKING SMALL.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

147

Rakshan IAS Academy

04 Dec, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Lagoon"
A lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water (like the sea) by a narrow strip of land, such as sandbars, barrier islands, or reefs.
🔹Lagoons are formed by a variety of factors, including tides, waves, storms, sediment sources, tsunamis, hurricanes, and barrier bars.
🔹For example, when sand or sediments move and create a bar that blocks the mouth of a bay, a lagoon is formed.

Types
🔹There are two main types of lagoons: atoll and coastal.
🔹Atoll lagoons form when an island sinks beneath the water, leaving a ring of coral that grows upwards.
🔹Coastal lagoons form along gently sloping coasts and are usually separated from the ocean by a reef, island, or sand bank.
🔹Examples: Some examples of lagoons in India include Chilika Lake, Pulikat Lake, and Kaliveli Lake.

161

Rakshan IAS Academy

03 Dec, 09:46

PYQ - Consider the following statements: [2002]
1. Ocean currents are slow-surface movement of water in the ocean.
2. Ocean currents assist in maintaining the Earth's heat balance
3. Ocean currents are set in motion primarily by prevailing winds
4. Ocean currents are affected by the configuration of the ocean

87

Rakshan IAS Academy

03 Dec, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Ocean Currents"
Ocean currents are large-scale, continuous movements of water at the surface and in deeper layers of the ocean.
🔹Although surface currents can be fast-moving (e.g., Gulf Stream), most currents move slowly across the oceans.
🔹Ocean currents assist in maintaining the Earth's heat balance.
🔹Ocean currents transport heat from equatorial regions to polar regions and help distribute thermal energy across the globe, regulating the Earth's climate.
🔹For instance: The Gulf Stream brings warm water to Western Europe, moderating its climate.
🔹The cold Humboldt Current affects the climate of South America's west coast.
🔹Ocean currents are set in motion primarily by prevailing winds.
🔹Surface ocean currents are driven by prevailing winds, which transfer energy to the water, causing it to move.
🔹The Coriolis effect and Earth's rotation also influence the direction of currents.
🔹Ocean currents are affected by the configuration of the ocean.
🔹The shape of the ocean basins, coastlines, and underwater features like ridges and seamounts affects how currents flow.
🔹For example, the configuration of landmasses determines the circular patterns (gyres) in ocean basins.

91

Rakshan IAS Academy

02 Dec, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Do you know what you should do to be the BEST? You must learn to handle the WORST.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

132

Rakshan IAS Academy

02 Dec, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Sun's Halo"

A Sun's halo is a circular optical phenomenon often seen around the Sun or Moon.
🔹It is caused by the refraction, reflection, and dispersion of light through ice crystals in the atmosphere.
🔹These ice crystals are found primarily in Cirrus clouds, which are high-altitude clouds composed of tiny ice particles

How is a Sun's Halo Formed?
🔹Cloud Type: Cirrus clouds form at high altitudes (20,000–40,000 feet) and consist entirely of ice crystals.
🔹Refraction: Sunlight passes through the hexagonal ice crystals in the clouds.
🔹The refraction occurs at specific angles (usually 22 degrees), bending the light to form a circular ring.
🔹Dispersion: Different wavelengths of light are bent slightly differently, which can create a faint spectrum of colors.
🔹However, the halo often appears white due to overlapping light.
🔹Orientation of Ice Crystals: Uniformly oriented hexagonal crystals are crucial for the formation of a clear and visible halo.

154

Rakshan IAS Academy

01 Dec, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“The Game is NOT OVER until YOU WIN. Keep playing.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

174

Rakshan IAS Academy

01 Dec, 13:35

@RakshanIASAcademy

#Datapoint
#November2024

192

Rakshan IAS Academy

01 Dec, 09:33

@RakshanIASAcademy

#upscprelims2025
#Polity
#FinancialEmergency

195

Rakshan IAS Academy

30 Nov, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Yess, one day, all your SACRIFICES will make sense. Wait for it.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

198

Rakshan IAS Academy

30 Nov, 09:57

@RakshanIASAcademy

#upscprelims2025
#Polity
#PresidentsRule

206

Rakshan IAS Academy

26 Nov, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Saffron Spice"
Saffron is derived from the red stigmas (the female reproductive part) of the saffron crocus flower.
🔹Each saffron flower produces only three stigmas, which are carefully handpicked and dried to create the spice.
🔹Approximately 75,000 flowers are needed to produce just 1 pound (around 450 grams) of saffron, making it the most expensive spice in the world.
🔹Major producers of saffron include Iran, India (notably in Jammu and Kashmir), Spain, and Greece.
🔹Iran is the largest producer, accounting for over 90% of global production.
🔹In India, the Pampore region in Jammu and Kashmir is famous for saffron cultivation due to its favorable climate and soil.
🔹Planting: Saffron bulbs (corms) are planted in well-drained, nutrient-rich soil. The plant thrives in regions with hot, dry summers and cold winters.
🔹Harvesting: Saffron blooms in autumn, and the flowers are handpicked early in the morning to avoid sunlight damage.
🔹Drying: The stigmas are separated from the flowers and dried, which concentrates the flavor and aroma. Proper drying is essential to maintain the quality of saffron.

84

Rakshan IAS Academy

25 Nov, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“If you’re feeling bad that you’re facing SETBACK in life, then remember that they are SETUP for your COMEBACK.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

122

Rakshan IAS Academy

25 Nov, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Bio Fertilizers"
Biofertilizers are natural fertilizers that help improve soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing soil phosphorus, and decomposing organic matter to make nutrients available to plants.
🔹For rice crops, biofertilizers are particularly important because rice is a high nitrogen-demanding crop, and its cultivation often involves waterlogged conditions where certain nitrogen-fixing organisms thrive.

Key Biofertilizer: Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria)
1. Blue-Green Algae (BGA): Cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae, are a significant biofertilizer for rice fields.
🔹They have the unique ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in flooded conditions, which are typical of paddy fields.
🔹This fixed nitrogen is then made available to the rice plants, improving their growth and yield.
🔹Examples: Anabaena, Nostoc, Aulosira, Tolypothrix

2. Benefits of Using BGA in Rice Fields: Nitrogen Fixation: BGA can fix nitrogen directly from the atmosphere, which is beneficial for rice crops that need a high amount of nitrogen.
🔹Cost-Effective: Reduces the need for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, making it economically advantageous for farmers.
🔹Environmental Impact: Cyanobacteria help reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with synthetic fertilizers and improve soil structure over time.

Other Biofertilizers Used in Agriculture (But Less Effective for Rice):
🔹Rhizobium sp.: Primarily used with leguminous crops due to its symbiotic relationship with legumes.
🔹Mycorrhizal Fungi: These fungi enhance phosphorus uptake in plants but are less effective in the waterlogged environments of paddy fields.
🔹Azotobacter sp.: A free-living nitrogen fixer effective in dry land conditions but not as suited for the flooded environment of rice paddies.
Government Schemes Promoting Biofertilizers in India

151

Rakshan IAS Academy

24 Nov, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Fight your FEARS and be like those RARE PEOPLE who don’t know HOW TO QUIT.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

166

Rakshan IAS Academy

24 Nov, 05:24

@RakshanIASAcademy

#UPSCPrelims2025
#Kondapallitoys
#CurrentAffairs

194

Rakshan IAS Academy

23 Nov, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Your NAME should not be a simple one. Show your POTENTIAL in such a way that the entire world around you REMEMBERS your name for long.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

182

Rakshan IAS Academy

23 Nov, 09:33

@RakshanIASAcademy

#UPSCPrelims2025
#ICCVsICJ
#CurrentAffairs

203

Rakshan IAS Academy

23 Nov, 09:32

#LOCEveryday
#Imagebased

Ancient History 10

✅ Click here for our earlier Ancient History LOC image based PDFs

179

Rakshan IAS Academy

22 Nov, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Very few know that Success is a lonely road and they will DARE to do ANYTHING to achieve it. BE IN THOSE FEW.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

207

Rakshan IAS Academy

22 Nov, 14:36

@RakshanIASAcademy

#Smog
#UPSCPrelims2025
#currentaffairs

203

Rakshan IAS Academy

16 Nov, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Nobody can BEAT YOU if you have the attitude of NEVER GIVING UP. So stay STRONG and face the STORMS Confidently.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

87

Rakshan IAS Academy

16 Nov, 09:32

#LOCEveryday
#Imagebased

Modern India part 10

✅ Click here for our earlier Modern India LOC image based PDFs

132

Rakshan IAS Academy

15 Nov, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“If you’re being sad, remember this- Be so busy working hard that there won’t be time left to be sad.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

157

Rakshan IAS Academy

15 Nov, 09:46

PYQ - Who of the following was/were economic critic/ critics of
colonialism in India? [2015-I]
1. Dadabhai Naoroji
2. G. Subramania Iyer
3. R. C. Dutt

157

Rakshan IAS Academy

15 Nov, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Economic Critics of Colonialism"
Dadabhai Naoroji, G. Subramania Iyer, and R. C. Dutt—were known critics of British colonial economic policies in India and highlighted the exploitative nature of British rule.

Dadabhai Naoroji
🔹Known as the "Grand Old Man of India", Naoroji was one of the earliest economic critics of British rule.
🔹His famous theory of the “Drain of Wealth” argued that a significant portion of India’s resources and wealth was being transferred to Britain, impoverishing India.

G. Subramania Iyer
🔹A prominent journalist and nationalist, Iyer was a vocal critic of British economic exploitation through his work.
🔹As the founder of The Hindu newspaper, he used journalism to critique colonial economic policies that harmed India’s economy.

R. C. Dutt
🔹R. C. Dutt was an Indian historian, economist, and civil servant.
🔹In his work, "The Economic History of India," he documented the adverse economic impacts of British policies, particularly on Indian agriculture and industry, and emphasized how colonial rule drained India's wealth.

166

Rakshan IAS Academy

15 Nov, 05:15

@RakshanIASAcademy

#AFSPA
#Currentaffairs
#UPSCPrelims2025

159

Rakshan IAS Academy

14 Nov, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Stay CALM but ALERT. Be RELAXED but READY and Stay HUMBLE but CONFIDENT. Do these and Your entire Personality will be changed.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

165

Rakshan IAS Academy

14 Nov, 14:13

https://youtube.com/shorts/v2M3mcn69mo

176

Rakshan IAS Academy

14 Nov, 09:46

PYQ - With reference to Indian history, which of the following is/ are the essential element/elements of the feudal system? [2015-I]
1. A very strong centralized political authority and a very weak provincial or local political authority.
2. Emergence of administrative structure based on control and possession of land.
3. Creation of lord-vassal relationship between the feudal lord and his overlord

161

Rakshan IAS Academy

14 Nov, 09:37

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Feudal System"
The feudal system was a socio-political and economic structure that developed in medieval Europe and later appeared in various forms in other parts of the world, including parts of India.

Key Elements of Feudalism
Decentralized Authority:
Land-Based Economy:
Lord-Vassal Relationship:
Manorial System:

The Feudal System in India
🔹While feudalism in the European sense did not directly appear in India, certain feudal-like structures emerged, especially during periods of political fragmentation, such as in the post-Gupta era and during the medieval period:
🔹Land Grants and Feudal Lords (Samantas): In post-Gupta India, land grants were given to local chiefs and warriors (samantas) in exchange for military service, administrative help, and loyalty.
🔹These chiefs or lords had substantial control over their territories and people and often maintained private armies. They enjoyed autonomy in local administration and collected taxes from the people living on their lands.
🔹Decline of Centralized Power: During times of weak central authority, like the later Gupta period and the later Mughal period, local and regional rulers (zamindars and chieftains) gained power.
🔹Feudal-like relations developed as these rulers had considerable autonomy, ruling over peasants and collecting revenue while providing some form of protection and order.
🔹Social Hierarchies and Patronage: The Indian version of feudalism involved complex hierarchies where the king or emperor was the ultimate authority, but local rulers wielded power over their territories.
🔹Patronage relationships developed, where artisans, priests, and lower-ranking officials depended on feudal lords or landowners for livelihood and protection.

172

Rakshan IAS Academy

14 Nov, 02:31

November 14th, Children’s Day

Children’s Day, celebrated on November 14, is recognized across India to increase awareness of the rights, care, and education of children.
🔹The day is also held as a tribute to India’s First Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. Fondly known as “Chacha Nehru” among children, he advocated for children to have fulfilled education.
🔹Nehru considered children as the real strength of a nation and foundation of society.
🔹The nation usually celebrates Children’s Day with educational and motivational programs held across India, by and for children.
🔹However, as another story, the former Prime Minister was called “chacha” because of his closeness with Gandi, whom all referred to as ‘Bapu’.
🔹Hence, people suggested the nickname ‘chacha’ for Jawaharlal Nehru as he was seen as the younger brother of the father of the nation.
🔹After the death of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964, a resolution was passed in the parliament unanimously to honor him, declaring his birth anniversary as the official date of Children’s Day.
🔹India used to celebrate Children’s Day on November 20 every year before 1956 as the United Nations, in 1954, had declared the day as Universal Children’s Day.
🔹Therefore, each year since then, November 14 is celebrated as Children’s Day in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of the country’s first PM.

@RakshanIASAcademy
#ChildrensDay
#DrMamathaMam
#PersonalMentorship

188

Rakshan IAS Academy

12 Nov, 23:35

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Always remember that When you give your JOY to other people, you get more JOY in return, in some or the other way.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

93

Rakshan IAS Academy

12 Nov, 12:55

APPSC Group 2 Mains Postponed

144

Rakshan IAS Academy

12 Nov, 10:06

https://youtu.be/Q0AQwVZ342k

165

Rakshan IAS Academy

12 Nov, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Manganiyars"
The Manganiyars are a unique community of folk musicians predominantly from the desert regions of Rajasthan, specifically in districts like Jaisalmer and Barmer.
🔹Known for their soulful music, they have been integral to the cultural heritage of Rajasthan for centuries.

Origin and Background
🔹The Manganiyars are traditionally Muslim, but they sing devotional songs that often praise Hindu deities and local folklore heroes, which reflects the syncretic culture of Rajasthan.
🔹Historically, they have been associated with patron families, especially Rajput kings and wealthy Hindu landlords, for whom they performed and were supported in return.
🔹Their music is often performed on important occasions like weddings, births, and festivals, contributing to the social fabric of Rajasthan’s rural society.

Musical Tradition
🔹Style and Content: Their songs range from Sufi-inspired love songs to ballads and epic tales of Rajasthani heroes like Rana Pratap and Amar Singh Rathore. They also sing devotional songs dedicated to Hindu gods such as Krishna and Ram.
🔹Instruments: The Manganiyars use traditional instruments that are unique to Rajasthani folk music, including:
🔹Kamaicha: A bowed string instrument, considered one of the oldest and central to Manganiyar music.
🔹Khartal: A type of castanet that creates rhythmic sounds.
🔹Dholak: A double-sided drum that provides percussion.
🔹Morchang: A mouth harp that adds to the unique texture of their music.
🔹Vocal Style: Their vocal music is marked by its emotive, raw, and often improvisational style, expressing themes of love, longing, devotion, and nature.

Cultural Significance and Role
🔹The Manganiyars’ music is not just entertainment but a medium of oral storytelling, carrying forward centuries-old tales, genealogies, and cultural traditions.
🔹Their music serves as a bridge between communities, blending Hindu and Muslim cultural elements, which is evident in their diverse repertoire.
🔹The community is revered for preserving the folk tradition, and their performances are often seen as an embodiment of Rajasthan’s rich cultural heritage.

141

Rakshan IAS Academy

11 Nov, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Don’t lose YOURSELF in the process of achieving something GREAT. You and your Goal, both are important.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

156

Rakshan IAS Academy

11 Nov, 11:07

https://youtu.be/brtIXVFS1zA

148

Rakshan IAS Academy

11 Nov, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Ilbert Bill"
The Ilbert Bill Controversy of 1883 was related to the proposal to remove the disqualification imposed on Indian magistrates regarding the trial of Europeans.

Background of the Ilbert Bill
🔹Proposed by Sir Courtenay Ilbert, the law member of the Viceroy's Council, the bill aimed to allow Indian judges and magistrates in Bengal Presidency to try European offenders in criminal cases.
🔹At that time, only British judges were permitted to try Europeans, and the bill sought to promote judicial equality.

Controversy and Opposition
🔹The proposal sparked intense opposition from European communities in India, who were unwilling to be tried by Indian judges.
🔹The controversy led to protests and a strong backlash, particularly from British officials and civilians, who claimed the bill would lead to racial discrimination against Europeans.

Outcome
🔹Due to the uproar, the bill was modified significantly, and a compromise was reached. It ultimately allowed Indian magistrates to try European offenders but only under specific conditions, like the presence of a jury with at least half European members.

153

Rakshan IAS Academy

11 Nov, 02:31

11th November, National Education Day

The country will celebrate National Education Day on 11th November every year, which was the birth anniversary of India's great freedom movement leader, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. On this occasion, people from diverse backgrounds pay homage to the great visionary and India's first education minister.

History

In September 2008, the Indian government declared November 11 as National Education Day. The first celebrations were launched by President Pratibha Patil on November 11, 2008, at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi.

Significance

National Education Day aims to strengthen India's educational institutions and improve the quality of education. On this day, all those involved in education come together to discuss ways to enhance India's reputation as a knowledge-driven society and focus on how to educate the nation.

#NationalEducationDay
#November11
@RakshanIASAcademy

188

Rakshan IAS Academy

10 Nov, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“When you’re busy dreaming about your future, other people are working hard for it. So STOP DREAMING and START WORKING.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

198

Rakshan IAS Academy

09 Nov, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“If anyone says it’s IMPOSSIBLE, it’s Impossible for them..NOT FOR YOU. Continue working hard.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

227

Rakshan IAS Academy

09 Nov, 09:32

#LOCEveryday
#Imagebased

Environment 10

✅ Click here for our earlier Environment LOC image based PDFs

254

Rakshan IAS Academy

31 Oct, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Yes you have a PLAN. Now don’t waste a single minute in implementing it. JUST DO IT.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

119

Rakshan IAS Academy

31 Oct, 09:46

PYQ - Which of the following is/are included in the capital budget of the Government of India? [2016-I]
1. Expenditure on acquisition of assets like roads, buildings, machinery, etc.
2. Loans received from foreign governments
3. Loans and advances granted to the States and Union
Territories

153

Rakshan IAS Academy

31 Oct, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Capital Budget"
The Capital Budget is a crucial component of the overall budget of the Government of India, reflecting the government’s plans for capital expenditure and capital receipts.
🔹It focuses on investments aimed at generating long-term benefits and supporting economic growth.

1. Definition of Capital Budget: The Capital Budget outlines the government’s expected revenues and expenditures related to capital assets.
🔹It distinguishes between capital expenditure (spending on assets) and revenue expenditure (spending on day-to-day operations).

2. Components of the Capital Budget
🔹Capital Expenditure: This includes spending on acquiring, creating, or improving physical assets.
🔹Examples: Infrastructure Development: Expenditures on roads, bridges, railways, airports, and public transportation systems.
🔹Environmental Projects: Investments in water supply, sanitation, and waste management facilities.
🔹Capital Receipts: These are funds received by the government that are used to finance capital expenditure.
Examples: Loans from Foreign Governments: Loans or assistance from other countries to support development projects.
🔹Disinvestment: Proceeds from the sale of government stakes in public sector enterprises.
🔹Recovery of Loans: Repayment of loans extended to states and Union territories.

3. Importance of Capital Budget
🔹Economic Development: The capital budget plays a vital role in financing infrastructure projects that are crucial for economic growth and development. Improved infrastructure enhances productivity and quality of life.
🔹Long-term Investments: Capital expenditure is focused on long-term benefits, contributing to sustainable development and increasing the country’s productive capacity.
🔹Employment Generation: Investments in infrastructure and projects create jobs, directly impacting the employment rate and the economy.
🔹Funding Social Programs: The capital budget can also finance social infrastructure projects like schools and hospitals, contributing to human capital development.

156

Rakshan IAS Academy

31 Oct, 02:48

Happy Diwali! May the festival of lights illuminate your path to success and fill your life with happiness and peace.
#happydiwali #drmamathamam #rakshaniasacademy

172

Rakshan IAS Academy

30 Oct, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“May this Diwali drive away darkness around you and today, say this to yourself - I deserve HAPPINESS, SUCCESS, LOVE and PROSPERITY in all areas of my LIFE and I WILL WORK for it.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

175

Rakshan IAS Academy

30 Oct, 11:16

APPSC Group 2 Mains

226

Rakshan IAS Academy

30 Oct, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Service Area Approach"
The Service Area Approach was introduced as part of the Lead Bank Scheme in India, which aimed to enhance the accessibility of banking services in rural areas.

🔹Objective of the Service Area Approach: The Service Area Approach aims to provide focused banking services in specific geographical areas, ensuring that the banking needs of the rural population are adequately met.
🔹It seeks to promote rural development by enhancing credit availability to underserved sectors, such as agriculture and small-scale industries.
🔹Implementation Under the Lead Bank Scheme: The Lead Bank Scheme was launched in 1969 to ensure that every district in India has a designated lead bank responsible for providing banking services and credit to that area.
🔹Under this scheme, banks were assigned specific areas (service areas) to facilitate effective credit delivery and promote economic development.

Key Features:
🔹Each bank is expected to assess the credit needs of its service area and ensure that adequate banking services are provided.
🔹The approach emphasizes collaboration with local self-governments, cooperatives, and other institutions to foster rural development.
🔹Impact: The Service Area Approach has contributed to improving financial inclusion in rural areas by making banking services more accessible.
🔹It has also encouraged the growth of small enterprises and agricultural activities by providing necessary credit support."

220

Rakshan IAS Academy

30 Oct, 02:09

AYUSHMAN BHARAT - Expansion

@RakshanIASAcademy
#UPSCPrelims2025
#Health
#Schemesinnews

212

Rakshan IAS Academy

29 Oct, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Being weak is a choice. You can choose to stay strong too. But WINNING is a MINDSET which makes the impossible POSSIBLE. So have Winner’s Mentality.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

201

Rakshan IAS Academy

29 Oct, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Legal Tender Money"
Legal Tender Money refers to the currency that must be accepted if offered in payment of a debt.
🔹This means that if a creditor is owed money, they are obligated to accept legal tender as payment for that debt.
🔹Definition: Legal tender is the currency that is recognized by law as an acceptable means to settle public and private debts.
🔹In most countries, the national currency (like the Indian Rupee in India) is considered legal tender.
🔹Function: Legal tender helps facilitate transactions by providing a common medium of exchange that can be used to discharge debts.
🔹It ensures that creditors cannot refuse to accept payment in the form of legal tender.
🔹Legal Framework: The specific types of currency considered legal tender are often defined by national legislation.
🔹For example, in India, the Reserve Bank of India Act outlines which denominations of currency notes are considered legal tender.

214

Rakshan IAS Academy

26 Oct, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“You may be fearful to CHANGE anything in you. But never forget that RIGHTFUL CHANGE means GROWTH. Strive for it. You WILL definitely reach heights.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

152

Rakshan IAS Academy

26 Oct, 10:46

Thank you so much everyone😊😊 We are 20k Family now ON YOUTUBE and we ensure to continue giving you Quality Content.

Here’s to 20k and many more😇😇 - Team Rakshan IAS Academy

217

Rakshan IAS Academy

26 Oct, 09:32

#LOCEveryday
#Imagebased

Polity Part 10

✅ Click here for our earlier Polity LOC image based PDFs

215

Rakshan IAS Academy

26 Oct, 05:16

@RakshanIASAcademy

#MudraLoans
#UPSCprelims2025
#EconomyCurrentAffairs

219

Rakshan IAS Academy

25 Oct, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Great People do not have Career…They have MISSION. So when you find your purpose, PURSUE it like a mission Seriously.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

207

Rakshan IAS Academy

25 Oct, 09:46

Which of the following are regarded as the main features of the "Rule of Law" ? [2018-I]
1. Limitation of powers
2. Equality before law
3. People's responsibility to the Government
4. Liberty and civil rights

208

Rakshan IAS Academy

25 Oct, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Rule of Law"
The concept of the Rule of Law is a fundamental principle that forms the backbone of democratic societies and legal systems.
🔹It ensures that all individuals, institutions, and entities are accountable to laws that are:
1. Publicly promulgated.
2. Equally enforced.
3. Independently adjudicated.
4. Consistent with international human rights principles.

Key Features of the Rule of Law
Limitation of Powers: The Rule of Law establishes that no individual or institution, including the government, has absolute or arbitrary power.
Purpose: It ensures that all branches of the government operate within the constraints of the law and are accountable for their actions.
🔹Checks and Balances: The separation of powers between the legislature, executive, and judiciary is a key aspect, preventing any single entity from becoming too powerful.
🔹Example: Judicial review of legislative or executive actions to ensure they comply with constitutional principles.

Equality Before Law: All individuals, regardless of their social, economic, or political status, are subject to the same laws and entitled to equal protection under the law.
🔹Principle: It prevents discrimination and ensures fairness in the administration of justice.
🔹Key Idea: No one is above the law, and everyone has the right to seek redress or challenge any unlawful actions taken against them.
🔹Example: Equal treatment in courts and law enforcement agencies without bias toward race, gender, religion, or class.

People's Responsibility to the Government
🔹Analysis: This is not a direct feature of the Rule of Law.
🔹Reason: The Rule of Law focuses more on the accountability of the government and institutions to the legal framework, rather than emphasizing citizens' responsibility to the government.
🔹Clarification: While citizens are expected to follow the laws of the country, their responsibility to the government does not constitute a core principle of the Rule of Law.

Liberty and Civil Rights
🔹Definition: The Rule of Law protects individual liberties and civil rights by ensuring that laws are fair, just, and non-arbitrary.
🔹Protection of Rights: It guarantees fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, expression, religion, and the right to a fair trial.
🔹Importance: Liberty and civil rights are protected against any form of arbitrary action by authorities, thereby upholding the principles of justice and freedom.
🔹Example: Legal mechanisms to protect individuals from unlawful detention, censorship, or discrimination by the state.

205

Rakshan IAS Academy

25 Oct, 08:28

Trachoma

@RakshanIASAcademy
#UPSCPrelims2025
#GeneralScience
#Diseases

183

Rakshan IAS Academy

24 Oct, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“You need to DECIDE if you want to stay COMFORTABLE or if you want to GROW. Because, you can’t achieve both at the same time.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

211

Rakshan IAS Academy

24 Oct, 13:09

https://youtu.be/u4Cs3IgJvt0

163

Rakshan IAS Academy

24 Oct, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Law and Liberty"
The relationship between law and liberty is a critical concept in political philosophy and governance.
🔹While both law and liberty are essential for a functioning society, their interaction must be balanced to ensure that individuals enjoy their freedoms without infringing upon the rights of others.

1. Role of Laws in Society: Laws are a set of rules established by a governing authority to regulate the behavior of individuals and maintain order in society.
🔹They provide a framework within which society operates, setting boundaries on acceptable behavior to ensure peace, justice, and security.
Purpose of Laws:
🔹The primary purpose of laws is to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals while promoting social order.
🔹Laws prevent individuals from engaging in actions that could harm others or disrupt the community.

2. Liberty: Liberty refers to the freedom of individuals to act and express themselves without undue restriction from authorities, as long as their actions do not harm others.
🔹It includes civil liberties such as freedom of speech, freedom of movement, and the right to privacy.
Types of Liberty:
🔹Positive Liberty: The ability to pursue one's goals and make choices without external barriers or constraints.
🔹Negative Liberty: The absence of interference or coercion from others, especially from the government or authoritative powers.

3. Interconnection Between Law and Liberty
🔹Protection of Liberty Through Laws: Laws create a structured environment where individuals' rights are safeguarded against infringement by others.
🔹In the absence of laws, individuals may act in ways that violate the rights and freedoms of others, leading to chaos and insecurity.
🔹Ensuring a Fair and Just Society: Laws ensure that liberty is not used irresponsibly to harm others or disrupt social harmony.
🔹By imposing reasonable restrictions on behavior, laws prevent the abuse of freedom and create a balanced society where everyone’s rights are respected.

4. Key Principles of the Relationship
🔹The absence of laws would lead to anarchy, where individuals could do as they please without accountability.
🔹True liberty requires a legal framework that protects individual rights and ensures that freedoms are enjoyed fairly and equally.
🔹Balance Between Law and Liberty: While laws are necessary to maintain order, excessive or oppressive laws can restrict freedom, leading to authoritarianism.
🔹A well-functioning society strikes a balance where laws protect liberty without unnecessarily restricting individual freedoms.

5. Misconceptions About Law and Liberty
🔹The number of laws is not as important as their purpose and nature. Good laws can enhance liberty by creating a safe environment for individuals to exercise their rights.
🔹Frequent Changes in Laws: Changing laws too often can create confusion and instability, undermining the trust people have in the legal system.
🔹However, it is the quality and consistency of laws, rather than their frequency of change, that directly impacts liberty.

200

Rakshan IAS Academy

23 Oct, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Your Day should be based on your PLAN….Not your MOOD. Read it again.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

230

Rakshan IAS Academy

19 Oct, 09:36

#LOCEVERYDAY
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Environment Part 9

✅ Click here for our earlier Environment LOC image based PDFs

116

Rakshan IAS Academy

19 Oct, 09:32

#LOCEveryday
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Ancient India Part 9

✅ Click here for our earlier Ancient History LOC image based PDFs

120

Rakshan IAS Academy

18 Oct, 23:30

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“You have ONLY ONE LIFE. Attack YOUR GOAL fearlessly…because your ENTIRE life depends on your Goal.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

185

Rakshan IAS Academy

18 Oct, 09:46

PYQ - Which of the following is/are the possible consequence/s of heavy sand mining in riverbeds ? [2018-I]
1. Decreased salinity in the river
2. Pollution of groundwater
3. Lowering of the water-table

181

Rakshan IAS Academy

18 Oct, 09:36

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Environmental Impacts of Sand mining"
Sand mining is the process of extracting sand, primarily from riverbeds, coastal areas, and inland dunes, for use in construction, glass manufacturing, and other industrial purposes.
🔹While sand is a crucial raw material for various industries, unregulated or excessive sand mining can have severe environmental, ecological, and socio-economic impacts.

Environmental Impacts of Sand Mining
Alteration of River Ecosystems:
🔹Habitat Destruction: Sand mining can disturb the riverine ecosystem, affecting the habitats of aquatic plants, fish, and other wildlife.
🔹Bank Erosion: The removal of sand from riverbeds accelerates the erosion of riverbanks, leading to the loss of agricultural lands and damage to nearby infrastructure.

Water Table Lowering:
🔹Sand acts as a natural reservoir that helps maintain the water table. Excessive mining reduces the sand deposits, causing a decline in groundwater levels.
🔹Lowered water tables can lead to water scarcity, affecting drinking water supplies, irrigation for agriculture, and the overall availability of water in the region.

Pollution of Groundwater:
🔹The natural filtration process provided by sand layers gets compromised when sand is removed from riverbeds. This makes groundwater more prone to contamination by pollutants and chemical runoff from nearby areas.
🔹Polluted groundwater can have serious implications for public health, agriculture, and local ecosystems.

Increased Salinity Levels:
🔹In coastal areas, sand mining can lead to seawater intrusion into freshwater systems. The removal of sand from river mouths or estuaries reduces the river's natural barrier, allowing saline water to move upstream.
🔹This intrusion of saltwater can make groundwater and surface water sources saline, affecting drinking water quality and harming agricultural activities.

Sedimentation and Siltation:
🔹Sand mining alters the natural flow of rivers, increasing the sediment load and causing siltation in downstream areas.
🔹Excessive siltation can clog water bodies, disrupt aquatic habitats, and reduce the capacity of rivers to carry water, potentially leading to floods.

198

Rakshan IAS Academy

17 Oct, 23:31

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“Do not criticise yourself or doubt your abilities. If YOU don’t believe in yourself, then WHO WILL? ”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

206

Rakshan IAS Academy

17 Oct, 09:46

PYQ - Which of the following statements are correct about the
deposits of methane hydrate? [2019-I]
1. Global warming might trigger the release of methane
gas from these deposits.
2. Large deposits of 'methane hydrate' are found in
Arctic Tundra and under the seafloor.
3. Methane in atmosphere oxidizes to carbon dioxide
after a decade or two.

206

Rakshan IAS Academy

17 Oct, 09:37

@RAKSHANIASACADEMY
🔥LOC Everyday - "Methane Hydrate"
Methane hydrate, also known as methane clathrate, is a solid compound in which methane gas molecules are trapped within a lattice of water ice.
🔹It has been a subject of intense study due to its potential as a future energy source and its implications for climate change.

Conditions for Formation:
🔹Methane hydrate forms in environments with high pressure and low temperature, which are typically found in deep-sea sediments and permafrost areas.
🔹The stability of methane hydrates depends on these conditions; a slight increase in temperature or decrease in pressure can destabilize the hydrates, releasing methane gas.

Sources of Methane:
🔹Methane found in hydrates can be produced through biogenic processes (by microbial activity) or thermogenic processes (by the breakdown of organic matter at high temperatures deep within the Earth).
🔹Most methane hydrates in ocean sediments are biogenic, while those found deeper in the Earth's crust are often thermogenic.

Geographical Distribution:
🔹Methane hydrates are widely distributed in sediments along continental margins, under the Arctic Ocean, and in regions like the Siberian tundra and Alaskan permafrost.
🔹The Krishna-Godavari Basin in India and the Nankai Trough in Japan are notable sites for methane hydrate exploration.

Methane Hydrate as an Energy Resource
🔹Energy Potential: Methane hydrates contain a high concentration of methane gas. One cubic meter of methane hydrate can release about 164 cubic meters of methane gas when it decomposes.
🔹The global methane hydrate resource is estimated to be larger than the combined reserves of all other fossil fuels, which means it has enormous potential as a future energy source.

Methane as a Greenhouse Gas:
🔹Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential (GWP) 25 times higher than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period.
🔹If methane hydrates are disturbed by natural processes like ocean warming or by human activities like drilling, large amounts of methane could be released into the atmosphere, accelerating global warming.

Positive Feedback Loop:
🔹The release of methane from hydrates can lead to a positive feedback loop in global warming. Rising temperatures cause more hydrate destabilization, which releases more methane, further increasing temperatures.
🔹Impact on Marine Life: Methane hydrate extraction can disrupt marine ecosystems by altering the chemistry of the seabed.
🔹Methane released into the water can lead to hypoxic conditions, affecting the health and survival of marine species.

202

Rakshan IAS Academy

17 Oct, 08:14

https://youtu.be/wS6Qc2Cu7Ug

136

Rakshan IAS Academy

17 Oct, 02:53

Good morning all.. you will have TGPSC G1 Mains Full length test Paper 3 today from 9 am to 12 pm.

Paper 4 today from 4 pm to 7 pm

Online through app
Offline centre: Branch 2, Rtc cross roads
https://maps.app.goo.gl/82K8pSxqdR9Nd31R7

Students taking test offline, kindly message me @Enquiry_RakshanIAS

224

Rakshan IAS Academy

16 Oct, 23:31

Goodmorning everyone😊

QUOTE FOR THE DAY:

“That one person who can change your entire situation is YOU. Realise your purpose and ACCOMPLISH YOUR GOAL.”👍🏼

@RakshanIASAcademy
#MorningMotivation
#DrMamatha
#PersonalMentorship

232

Rakshan IAS Academy

16 Oct, 12:55

https://youtube.com/shorts/RvEE5JBaXnM

230

Rakshan IAS Academy

16 Oct, 11:45

October 16th, World Food Day

Every year, World Food Day is celebrated across the world on October 16, highlighting the global campaigns to end hunger and make sure that every individual has access to nutritious food. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) started this global event to start a fight against hunger, raise awareness about healthy diets, and promote action against malnutrition and food security.
The objective of World Food Day is to eradicate hunger, ensure food security, boost agricultural productivity and support a sustainable food system.

It is a global initiative bringing governments, organisations and individuals to tackle the pressing issue of hunger and malnutrition.

World Food Day 2024: History
The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) came into existence in 1945 and World Food Day came into existence in 1979 when the 20th FAO Conference declared October 16 as World Food Day. Over 150 countries join the movement, observing this day to raise awareness about hunger, malnutrition, and food-promoting sustainable solutions for a zero-hunger world.

World Food Day 2024: Theme
The theme of World Food Day 2024 is "Right to Food for a Better Life and a Better Future." This theme emphasises the fundamental human rights to accessible nutritious, affordable and sustainable food to ensure everyone's well-being and dignity.

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