RAJAT SIR

On this historical day, let us pledge to always uphold the values of the Indian Constitution and work towards building our nation.

On this Republic Day, let us wish that our tricolour always flies high in the sky and inspires us to achieve more success in life.
HAPPY 76th REPUBLIC DAY

Conduct of Jammu and Kashmir Combined Competitive (Preliminary) Examination 2024. 21_01_2025.pdf

Happy vivekanand jayanthi

Change is a constant process. Life changes, so is everything in nature. If we’re not able to embrace change and its consequences, nothing better will happen in our life.

Sometimes ideas of change are so scary that we are ready to live an ordinary life rather than allowing changes.

If you want to change your life for the better, allow changes to happen. Let go of the things and people who hold you back from new ideas and thoughts. Move out of your comfort zone and prepare yourself to take more chances and risks.

Remember, life becomes better by change and not by chance. Instead of waiting for chances, change your ideas and take initiative for things in life.

🌄🌅HAPPY NEW YEAR 2025🌄🌅

New Year is like a blank book, and the pen is in your hands. So, it’s your chance to write the most beautiful story for yourself.

Consider the following statements on Demand for grants:
1. It will be submitted in both the houses of the Parliament.
2. Indian Constitution provides for the submission of the Demand for grants.

Article 16(4) says state can reserve post in favour of backward class of citizens who are not adequately represented. So the wording of 16 (4) does not prohibit for reservation to Muslim and also Sachar committee has highlighted their abysmally low population in jobs.

So, they can be included under OBC. In Kerala/Karnataka/ TN there is a reservation for Muslim.

But in Indra Sawhney case, SC  said that Reservation is provided to undo historical injustice and Caste is the Only factor in determining this Injustice.
Based on this argument SC has rejected for reservation to Muslim.

Second question is what when the person has converted from SC to other religion : Will reservation be extended to them.
Now understand article 341(1) AND (3)
Clause 1 says: President specify the caste as SC through Presidential order and he did this in 1950 And Clause 3 says: Only Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist will be considered as SC. Originally it was for Hindus only but later on in 1956 extended to Sikh and in 1990 extended to Buddhist.This was challenged in Sossai vs UOI: Court has not answered that why not Christians and Muslim are included.

However in 2007 Ranganath Mishra committee has recommended that discrimination exists in all communities even after conversion and therefore once the person has been the part of SC, a wilful change of religion should not affect his benefit of reservation.

The constitutional validity of President order has been challenged again in Ghazi Saddudin case but the case is pending therein.

Pov- when ur students continuously ask u same question😂😂

UPSC MAINS RESULT OUT

Namewise

5_6249165102008767219.pdf

Consider the following statements:
 
            1. The constitution of India mentions Delhi as the seat of the Supreme court.
            2. CJI can appoint other place or places as seat of the supreme court
            3. No court can give any direction either to the President or CJI to appoint any other place as the seat of SC.

Consider the following statements:

1. Anti-defection law or the 10th Schedule of the constitution was added by the 54th amendment act,1985.
2. Law allows political parties to merge with or into another party provided at least 2/3rd of its legislators in favour.
3. President of India has absolute power in deciding anti-defection cases.
4. The final decision of the anti-defection cases is not subjected to Judicial review.

Once it appears to the judge that he cannot deliver justice in an impartial manner, ethically he is expected to recuse.

ORIGIN:-This trend of recusal of judges started from a case in 1852 where Lord Cottenham recused himself from the case of Dimes V Grand Junction Canal, because he possessed some of the shares in the company involved in the case.

Principle behind Recusal:-Not only must Justice be done, it must also be seen to be done.( Ashok Kumar  Yadav Vs state of Haryana)

Procedure for Recusal:

👉Automatic Recusal:  This may occur when a judge recognizes a conflict of interest or perceives the possibility of bias. It is a voluntary decision made by the judge, and no party can compel them to withdraw from the case.

👉Recusal based on Plea: The other type of recusal occurs when a party raises a plea for recusal, highlighting the potential bias or personal interest of the judge in the case. However, it is the judge who will decide whether to recuse or not.

J and K Combined Competitive (Preliminary) Examination 2024 Extension of date for filling up of online Application Forms thereof. 11_11_2024.pdf

Jammu and Kashmir Combined Competitive (Preliminary) Examination 2024 Postponement of examination reg. 10_11_2024.pdf

JKAS AGE RELAXATION

Happy diwali to everyone❤️

Conduct of Combined Competitive (Preliminary) Examination 2024 21_10_2024.pdf

IR FULL NOTES 2024 BY RAJAT SIR.pdf

Background: Government brought IT Rules to regulate Intermediaries who publishes content on social media platforms.Matter was petitioned in the court in Kunal Kamra case that Rule 3(1)(b)(v) of the Rules of 2021 as being ultra vires the provisions of Articles 14, 19(1)(a) and 19(1)(g) of the Constitution of India, Section 79 of the IT Act, 2000, and also being in violation of the principles of natural justice.

What is this rule?
Ans: Under rule 3(1)(b)(v) once the information is flagged, the intermediary on whose platform such information is present is required to remove such information so as to retain the “safe harbour”     protection accorded by section 79(1) of the IT Act. Safe harbour protection means the intermediaries will not be responsible for content by the host and no legal action will be taken against them. But after this rule, intermediaries are being made responsible for the content and they may loose this protection.

Actually, The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, designated the FCU as a statutory body under the Press Information Bureau (PIB) as per the amendment made to Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 in 2023.
FCU has been tasked with flagging content deemed to be false information related to the central government and its agencies on social media platforms. So If the fact-checking unit identifies any information as false, online intermediaries will be obligated to remove it. Failing to do so could result in the loss of their safe harbour protection, which shields them from legal action regarding third-party content.

Court's verdict:

1. The amended Rule attempts to identify “information” in respect of any business of the Central Government as fake or false OR VAGUE, BUT THESE WORDS ARE SUBJECTIVE.

2. Absence of any guidelines under the Rules of 2021 as amended to indicate the scope and applicability of the expression “fake or false or misleading” is worrisome.

3. The test of proportionality as laid down in Anuradha Bhasin case is not satisfied by the Rule.

4.  The court said that in Shreya Singhal, the Court expressly linked Section 69A with the grounds provided under Article 19(2). The blocking orders were mandated to be recorded in writing and were made available under Article 226. However, no such safeguards exist in this amended rule.

6.  A delegated legislation (IT Rules 2021) if found to be ultra vires of the parent act (IT Act 2000) cannot be given effect. Delegation is only of ancillary or subordinating legislative functions and if a rule supplants any provision (Section 79) for which power has not been conferred, it is invalid.

Context: Split in NCP and party symbol is with Ajeet Pawar as directed by ECI on the basis of Legislative majority test (Testing the majority only among elected MPs and MLAs.)as per Election Symbols(Reservation and Allotment) Order was enacted in 1968.

Sharad Pawar is in SC against the ECI and court said:

1.  By applying the 'legislative majority' test, the ECI validates a defection by way of a 'split' which no longer exists as a defence under the 10th Schedule.

2. CJI in Shiv sena case orally observed that the Speaker's reliance on the test of legislative majority was contrary to the Supreme Court's judgment in Subhash Desai(2023).

3. 'Legislative majority' was not an appropriate test to determine the real party when two rival factions have emerged after a split.

4. Court suggested for organisational test (Majority of party delegates/office bearers, MPs and MLAs ) rather than legislative majority test.

EXTRA INFORMATION

EC analysed three tests in Shiv Sena split mentioned in the Sadiq Ali case:

1. Test of Aims and Objects of the Party Constitution
2. Test of Party Constitution
3. Test of Majority

👉EC held that the Test of Party Constitution for determining the present dispute case will be undemocratic, because party constitution was changed in 2018 which made party control centralised.

👉 The details of organisational structure was not mentioned by any of the faction, therefore second test does not make any sense.

👉 The third  test showed qualitative superiority to the Shinde faction which has support of 40 out of 55 Sena MLAs and 13 out of 18 Sena MPs

When you have indomitable will anything is achievable 😊

GS2 Marks

✅Polity and Constitution : 125
✅Governance Social Justice: 75
✅International Relations: 50

✅Polity and Constitution : 
5 Questions (10 marks), 5 questions (15 marks)
✅Governance social justice:
3 Questions (10 marks) ,  3 Questions (15 marks)
✅International Relations: 2 questions(10 marks), 2 Questions (15marks)

Those who attended my polity, Governance and recent international relations classes.. They can easily attempt this paper .. (UPSC MAINS 2024 GS 2)

Upsc Mains 2024 Essay paper

International Relations class notes Part 1

Context: Understanding of J & K Legislative assembly
Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation act 2019 mentions following features:

1. Section 13 of 2019 act states that article 239A that deals with creation of Council of Ministers in Puducherry applies in J & K too.

2. Section 32 of the act says legislative assembly can make laws for any matter except Police and Public order.

3. Section 36 of the law says Financial bill can be introduced in assembly only with the recommendation of Lt Governor.

4. Section 53 of the act says: Lt Governor can act on his discretion in a matter of:
a. Related to AIS and anti corruption bureau.
b.  Any matter where it is written in law

Good night everyone

Any body who is too much stressed or confused should read this again and again.....I got all my answers..Try this..
A rare conversation between Krishna & Today's Arjun.

1. Arjun :- I can’t find free time. Life has become hectic.
Krishna:- Activity gets you busy. But productivity gets you free.

2. Arjun :- Why has life become complicated now?
Krishna :- Stop analyzing life... It makes it complicated. Just live it.

3. Arjun :- Why are we then constantly unhappy?
Krishna :- Worrying has become your habit. That’s why you are not happy.

4. Arjun :- Why do good people always suffer?
Krishna :- Diamond cannot be polished without friction. Gold cannot be purified without fire. Good people go through trials, but don’t suffer.With that experience their life becomes better, not bitter.

5. Arjun :- You mean to say such experience is useful?
Krishna :- Yes. In every term, Experience is a hard teacher. It gives the test first and the lessons later.

6. Arjun :- Because of so many problems, we don’t know where we are heading…
Krishna:- If you look outside you will not know where you are heading. Look inside. Eyes provide sight. Heart provides the way.

7. Arjun :- Does failure hurt more than moving in the right direction?
Krishna:- Success is a measure as decided by others. Satisfaction is a measure as decided by you.

8. Arjun :- In tough times, how do you stay motivated?
Krishna :- Always look at how far you have come rather than how far you have to go. Always count your blessing, not what you are missing.

9. Arjun :- What surprises you about people?
Krishna :- When they suffer they ask, "why me?" When they prosper, they never ask "Why me?"

10. Arjun :- How can I get the best out of life?
Krishna:- Face your past without regret. Handle your present with confidence. Prepare for the future without fear.

11. Arjun :- One last question. Sometimes I feel my prayers are not answered.
Krishna:- There are no unanswered prayers. Keep the faith and drop the fear. Life is a mystery to solve, not a problem to resolve. Trust me. Life is wonderful if you know how to live.
#geeta