1-Infection: , infectious
mononucleosis, hepatitis,HIV
malaria, parasitic infection
2-Haematological,: thalassaemia,spherocytosis .
3-Liver disease: portal hypertension,
4-Malignancy: Leukemia, lymphoma,
neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma
5-Metabolic: Glycogen and lipid storage
disorders, mucopolysaccharidoses
5-CVS: Heart failure( tender)
د عبدالرحمن الجعكي