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Answer: A
Explanation
● The Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) refers to the uniform nomenclature of seven
security forces in India which function under the administrative control of the Ministry of
Home Affairs (MHA). They are
○ Assam Rifles (AR)
○ Border Security Force (BSF)
○ Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
○ Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
○ Indo Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
○ National Security Guard (NSG) and
○ Seema Suraksha Bal (SSB).
● Of the CAPFs, the AR, BSF, ITBP and SSB are Border Guarding Forces. The NSG is a
commando trained force Organisation in India and is used for special operations. The
CISF provides security and protection to industrial undertakings and vital
installations. The CRPF is deployed in aid of civil power in matters relating to
maintenance of law and order, internal security and counter-insurgency.
● The CAPF’s are headed by DGP rank officers.

5. Which of the following CAPFs is/are responsible for guarding India's international borders?
1) Border Security Force (BSF)
2) Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
3) Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
4) Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)

Answer: D
Explanation
Both the statements are incorrect.
● The National Center for Disease Control (NCDC) is under administrative control of the
Director General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

● NCDC started as a malaria institute in 1909. Later, the institute expanded its focus to other
diseases with a larger mandate of controlling emerging and re-emerging diseases.
● The Institute takes a leading role in undertaking investigations of disease outbreaks all
over the country employing epidemiological and diagnostic tools.
● The headquarters of NCDC is located in New Delhi.

4. Consider the following statements about the National Center for Disease Control (NCDC)
1) It primarily aims to conduct agricultural research.
2) It is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

Answer: C
Explanation:
● Model Prisons Act 2023: Prison is a State subject and so the Union Government has come
up with this model to act as a framework for prison management. Hence, statements 1 and
2 are correct.
● The salient features of this act are,
○ Provision for security assessment and segregation of prisoners, individual sentence
planning,
○ Grievance redressal, prison development board, attitudinal change towards
prisoners.
○ Provision of separate accommodation for women prisoners, transgender, etc.
○ Provision for use of technology in prison administration with a view to bring
transparency in prison administration.
○ Provision for video conferencing with courts, scientific and technological
interventions in prisons, etc.
○ Provision of punishment for prisoners and jail staff for use of prohibited items like
mobile phones etc. in jails.
○ Provision regarding establishment and management of high security jail, open jail
(open and semi open), etc.
○ Provision for protecting the society from the criminal activities of hardened criminals and habitual offenders, etc.
○ Provision for legal aid to prisoners, provision of parole, furlough and premature
release etc. to incentivise good conduct.
○ Focus on vocational training and skill development of prisoners and their reintegration into the society.

5. Consider the following statements.
1. The Union Government passed Model Prisons Act 2023 to act as a framework for prison
management.
2. Prison is a State subject under the Indian constitution.

Answer: B
Explanation:
● Lok Adalat (people’s courts) is a body established by the government to settle disputes
through conciliation and compromise.
● Lok Adalat is an alternative method of dispute resolution. It is a forum where disputes
or cases pending in the court of law or at the pre-litigation stage are settled amicably.
Hence statement 1 is correct.
● Lok Adalats have been given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act,
1987. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.

● Under the Act, the award made by the Lok Adalats is deemed to be a decree of a civil
court and is final and binding on all parties and no appeal lies against such an award
before any court of law. Hence statement 3 is correct.
● If the parties are not satisfied with the award of the Lok Adalat, though there is no
provision for an appeal against such an award, they are free to initiate litigation by
approaching the court of appropriate jurisdiction by filing a case by following the required
procedure, in exercise of their right to litigate.

4. Consider the following statements with reference to the Lok Adalats.
1. Lok Adalat serves as an alternative method of dispute resolution.
2. Lok Adalats are constitutional bodies.
3. The award made by the Lok Adalats is final and binding on all parties and no appeal lies
against such an award before any court of law.

Answer: A
Explanation:
● The United Nations Peacekeeping Forces are employed by the UN to maintain or re-
establish peace in an area of armed conflict.
● The UN may engage in conflicts between states as well as in struggles within states. The
UN acts as an impartial third party in order to prepare the ground for a settlement of the
issues that have provoked armed conflict.
● The three basic principles that guide U.N.’s Peacekeeping missions are:
○ Consent of the parties
○ Impartiality
○ Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate.
● The UN Peacekeeping Forces may only be employed when both parties to a conflict
accept their presence. Hence statement 1 is correct.
● The Peacekeeping Forces are subordinate to the leadership of the United Nations. They
are normally deployed as a consequence of a UN Security Council decision. However, on
occasion, the initiative has been taken by the General Assembly. Operational control
belongs to the Secretary-General and his secretariat. Hence statements 2 and 3 are
incorrect.
● The first UN peacekeeping mission was a team of observers deployed to the Middle East in
1948, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

3. Consider the following statements about The United Nations Peacekeeping Forces.
1) The UN Peacekeeping Forces may only be employed when both parties to a conflict accept
their presence.
2) The operational control of the force belongs to the United Nations Security Council.
3) The Force is deployed only after an UN Security Council decision.