# Setan Dibelenggu Kok Masih Ada Maksiat Di Bulan Ramadhan?
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Sering kita dengar ketika ceramah menjelang Ramadhan atau selama Ramadhan bahwa setan dibelenggu selama bulan Ramadhan.
Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam bersabda,
إذا جاء رمضان فتحت أبواب الجنة وغلقت أبواب النار، وصفدت الشياطين
“Jika telah datang bulan Ramadhan, pintu-pintu surga dibuka, pintu-pintu neraka ditutup, dan setan-setan dibelenggu”[1]
Beliau juga bersabda,
إِذَا كَانَ أَوَّلُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِرَمَضَانَ صُفِّدَتِ الشَّيَاطِيْنُ وَمَرَدَةُ الْجِنِّ، وَغُلِّقَتْ أَبْوَابُ النَّارِ فَلَمْ يُفْتَحْ مِنْهَا بَابٌ. وَفُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُ الْجَنَّةِ فَلَمْ يُغْلَقْ مِنْهَا بَابٌ، وَيُنَادِي مُنَادٍ: يَا بَاغِيَ الْخَيْرِ أَقْبِلْ، وَيَا بَاغِيَ الشَّرِّ أَقْصِرْ، وَلِلَّهِ عُتَقَاءُ مِنَ النَّارِ، وَ ذَلِكَ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ
“Apabila datang awal malam dari bulan Ramadhan, setan-setan dan jin-jin yang sangat jahat dibelenggu, pintu-pintu neraka ditutup tidak ada satu pintupun yang terbuka, sedangkan pintu-pintu surga dibuka tidak ada satu pintupun yang ditutup. Dan seorang penyeru menyerukan: ‘Wahai orang yang menginginkan kebaikan kemarilah. Wahai orang-orang yang menginginkan kejelekan tahanlah.’ Dan Allah memiliki orang-orang yang dibebaskan dari neraka, yang demikian itu terjadi pada setiap malam.”[2]
Akan tetapi kita melihat tetap ada maksiat selama bulan Ramadhan?
Setan benar-benar dibelenggu dengan makna dzahir
Ulama berpendapat bahwa makna dibelenggu adalah makna dzahir bukan kiasan. Artinya setan benar-benar di belenggu akan tetapi tetap ada maksiat, maka ulama juga menjawab hal ini.
Syaikh Muhammad bin Shalih Al-Utsaimin rahimahullah berkata,
ومثل هذا الحديث من الأمور الغيبية التي موقفنا منها التسليم والتصديق، وأن لا نتكلم فيما وراء ذلك، فإن هذا أسلم لدين المرء وأحسن عاقبة، ولهذا لما قال عبد الله ابن الإمام أحمد بن حنبل لأبيه: إن الإنسان يصرع في رمضان. قال الإمام: هكذا الحديث ولا تكلم في ذا. ثم إن الظاهر تصفيدهم عن إغواء الناس
“Semisal hadits ini merupakan perkara ghaib, maka sikap kita adalah menerima dan membenarkan. Kita tidak mencari-cari apa dibelakang itu (mencari-cari takwil tidak benar, pent). Karena sikap ini lebih selamat bagi agama seseorang dan lebih baik hasilnya.
Oleh karena itu Abdullah bin Imam Ahmad bin Hambal berkata kepada bapaknya, ‘manusia tetap melakukan maksiat di bulan Ramadhan’
Maka imam Ahmad berkata, ‘ hadits tidak membicarakan tentang hal tersebut (tidak ada lafadz jelas bahwa dengan dibelenggu akan berkurang maksiat, pent). Dzahir hadits ini adalah setan dibelenggu dari menyesatkan manusia.”[3]
Penjelasan ulama mengenai maksiat tetap ada di bulan Ramadhan
Ibnu Hajar Al-Asqalani rahimahullah berkata,
وقال القرطبي بعد أن رجح حمله على ظاهره فإن قيل كيف نرى الشرور والمعاصى واقعة في رمضان كثيرا فلو صفدت الشياطين لم يقع ذلك فالجواب أنها إنما تقل عن الصائمين الصوم الذي حوفظ على شروطه وروعيت ادابه أو المصفد بعض الشياطين وهم المردة لاكلهم كما تقدم في بعض الروايات أو المقصود تقليل الشرور فيه وهذا أمر محسوس فإن وقوع ذلك فيه أقل من غيره اذلا يلزم من تصفيد جميعهم أن لا يقع شر ولا معصية لأن لذلك اسبابا غير الشياطين كالنفوس الخبيثة والعادات القبيحة والشياطين الإنسية . وقال غيره في تصفيد الشياطين في رمضان إشارة إلى رفع عذر المكلف كأنه يقال له قد كفت الشياطين عنك فلا تعتل بهم في ترك الطاعة ولا فعل المعصية .
“Al-Qurthubi rahimahullah berkata setelah beliau menguatkan pendapat membawa makna hadits ini sesuai dzahirnya, maka apabila ditanyakan,
“Mengapa kita masih melihat banyak kejelekan dan kemaksiatan terjadi di bulan Ramadhan padahal jika memang setan-setan telah dibelenggu, tentunya hal itu tidak akan terjadi?
Maka Jawabannya adalah:
[1]Sesungguhnya kemaksiatan itu hanyalah berkurang dari orang-orang yang berpuasa (puasanya menahan dari maksiat) apabila pelaksanaan puasanya memperhatikan syarat-syarat puasa dan menjaga adab-adabnya.
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