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NABTEB COMMERCE ANSWER

ANSWER FIVE QUESTIONS ONLY

(1a)
A retailer is a person or business entity that purchases goods in bulk from wholesalers or manufacturers and sells them in smaller quantities directly to consumers.

(1b)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Small-scale operations: Retail trade typically involves selling goods in small quantities to individual customers.

(ii) Direct interaction with consumers: Retailers deal directly with end-users, addressing their needs and preferences.

(iii) Variety of goods: Retailers often stock a diverse range of products to cater to customer demands.

(iv) Convenient location: Retail outlets are usually located in easily accessible areas, such as markets, shopping centers, or residential neighborhoods.

(v) Customer service: Retailers provide personalized services to help customers with their purchases, ensuring satisfaction.

(vi) Breaking bulk: Retailers buy goods in large quantities from wholesalers and sell them in smaller, more manageable units to consumers.

(vii) Credit facilities: Some retailers offer credit to regular or trusted customers.

(viii) Promotion of goods: Retailers may engage in advertising and promotional activities to boost sales and attract customers.
===========================

(1c)
(PICK TWO ONLY)
(i) Providing goods to consumers: Retailers make goods available to consumers in the quantities and forms they desire.

(ii) Breaking bulk: Retailers purchase products in bulk and sell them in smaller quantities suitable for individual consumption.

(iii) Storage of goods: Retailers act as stockholders, storing products until they are needed by consumers.

(iv) Offering customer convenience: By being located close to customers and offering a wide range of products, retailers make shopping easier and more convenient.

(v) Market information: Retailers gather feedback from consumers and share it with wholesalers and manufacturers, helping to improve products and services.
===========================

(2a)
Hawking is a form of retail trade in which goods are sold by vendors who move from one place to another, such as streets, neighborhoods, and markets.

(2b)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Mobility: Hawkers are highly mobile, moving from place to place to reach customers.

(ii) Direct interaction: Hawkers interact directly with customers, often offering personalized services.

(iii) Low capital requirement: Hawking requires minimal investment compared to setting up a fixed retail shop.

(iv) Wide product range: Hawkers often sell a variety of items, such as food, household goods, clothing, or accessories.

(v) Flexibility: Hawkers can quickly change locations to areas with higher customer demand.

(vi) Affordable pricing: Hawkers generally sell goods at lower prices due to reduced overhead costs.

(vii) Informal business setup: Hawking does not usually require formal registration or a fixed location, making it part of the informal economy.

(2c)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Accessibility to customers: Hawkers bring goods directly to customers, especially in areas where fixed retail stores are unavailable or inconvenient to access.

(ii) Affordability: Goods sold by hawkers are often cheaper than those sold in stores due to their lower operating costs.

(iii) Convenience: Customers do not need to travel far to buy items since hawkers bring products to their doorsteps or nearby locations.

(iv) Employment opportunities: Hawking provides income and self-employment opportunities, particularly for individuals with limited resources or education.

(v) Flexibility in location: Hawkers can move to places with higher foot traffic or seasonal demand, maximizing sales opportunities.

(vi) Variety of goods: Hawkers often sell diverse products, catering to different customer needs in one location.

(vii) Economic contribution: Hawking supports the local economy by making goods available to underserved communities and providing a livelihood for many people.
===========================

(ix) A wholesaler may offer credit terms or deferred payments to retailers, while a retailer typically expects immediate payment from customers at the point of sale.

(x) A wholesaler generally has a lower profit margin due to selling in bulk, while a retailer usually has a higher profit margin as they sell smaller quantities at higher prices.
===========================

(5a)
International trade refers to the exchange of goods, services, and capital between countries. It involves imports and exports and plays a crucial role in fostering economic growth and global relationships.

(5b)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Access to resources: Countries engage in international trade to access resources, products, and materials they lack or cannot produce efficiently.

(ii) Specialization: Nations trade to focus on producing goods and services they are most efficient at, benefiting from the principle of comparative advantage.

(iii) Market expansion: Through international trade, countries can reach larger markets for their goods and services, increasing sales and profits.

(iv) Variety of goods: International trade enables consumers to access a greater variety of goods and services that may not be available locally.

(v) Economic growth: By participating in international trade, countries can boost their economic growth through increased production, employment, and technological advancement.

(vi) Increased competition: Trade with other countries encourages competition, which can lead to innovation, better quality products, and lower prices.

(vii) Foreign exchange earnings: Countries can earn foreign currency through exports, which is necessary to pay for imports and balance international payments.

(viii) Cultural exchange: International trade can also promote cultural exchange by introducing new ideas, customs, and technologies between countries.

(5c)
(PICK TWO ONLY)
(i) Both international trade and internal trade involve the exchange of goods and services between buyers and sellers.

(ii) In both types of trade, the transactions contribute to the overall economy by involving the production, distribution, and consumption of goods.

(iii) Prices in both international and internal trade are influenced by market demand, supply, and competition.

(iv) Both forms of trade involve intermediaries such as wholesalers, retailers, and transporters who facilitate the movement of goods.

(v) Both international trade and internal trade are subject to regulations and policies that govern the movement of goods, such as tariffs, taxes, and quality standards.
===========================

(6i)
Export: Export refers to the sale of goods and services produced in one country to buyers in another country. It is an important aspect of international trade that allows a country to earn foreign exchange and expand its market reach. Exports contribute to a nation's economic growth, increase employment, and help balance trade deficits.

(6ii)
Import: Import refers to the purchase of goods and services from foreign countries for consumption, production, or resale within the domestic market. Imports enable consumers and businesses to access goods that are unavailable or more cost-effective from local sources.

(6iii)
Balance of Trade: Balance of trade is the difference between the value of a country's exports and imports over a certain period. If a country exports more than it imports, it has a trade surplus. If a country imports more than it exports, it experiences a trade deficit.

(6iv)
Balance of Payment: The balance of payment is a comprehensive record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world over a specific period. It includes the trade balance, capital flows, and financial transfers.

(6v)
Export Drive: An export drive refers to a government or business initiative aimed at increasing a country’s export activity. This is often done through policies like reducing export taxes, offering subsidies or incentives to exporters, improving infrastructure, and promoting international marketing.

===========================

(7a)
A sole proprietor is an individual who owns and operates a business alone. The owner is fully responsible for all aspects of the business, including decision-making, profits, and liabilities.

(7b)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Single Ownership: A sole proprietor is the sole owner of the business and has complete control over its operations and decision-making.

(ii) Unlimited Liability: The owner is personally liable for all the debts and obligations of the business, meaning their personal assets could be used to settle business liabilities.

(iii) Simple Formation: A sole proprietorship is easy to set up, requiring minimal legal procedures, registration, and paperwork.

(iv) Direct Control: The sole proprietor has full authority to make decisions and manage the business without needing approval from others.

(v) Limited Resources: Sole proprietors often face limitations in terms of financial resources, as they rely mostly on personal savings or loans for funding.

(vi) Profit Entitlement: The sole proprietor keeps all the profits generated by the business, with no need to share them with others.

(vii) Lack of Continuity: The business may end if the owner dies or decides to quit, as the business is closely tied to the individual.

(viii) Taxation: The income of the business is treated as the personal income of the sole proprietor, and taxes are paid accordingly on the individual’s income tax return.

(7c)
(PICK TWO ONLY)
(i) Full control by the owner
(ii) Easy and inexpensive to set up
(iii) All profits go to the owner
(iv) Flexible and simple management
(v) Tax benefits with pass-through taxation.
===========================

(8a)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Capital requirements: The amount of capital needed to start and run the business influences the choice of business unit. Businesses requiring large investments might opt for a company structure, while those needing less capital may choose a sole proprietorship or partnership.

(ii) Liability: The level of personal liability the owners are willing to take on affects the business structure. In a sole proprietorship, the owner has unlimited liability, while in a limited liability company or corporation, owners have limited liability.

(iii) Management control: If the owner or a few individuals want full control over decision-making, they might choose a sole proprietorship or partnership, while a corporation or public company involves shared management.

(iv) Ownership structure: The number of owners or investors affects the business structure. A sole proprietorship has one owner, a partnership has a few, and a public company can have thousands of shareholders.

(v) Taxation: The tax treatment of the business unit may influence the choice. Sole proprietors and partnerships may face different tax obligations than corporations, which are taxed separately.

(vi) Risk tolerance: Higher-risk businesses might be structured as corporations to limit the personal liability of their owners, while businesses with lower risk may be suited for a sole proprietorship or partnership.

(vii) Expansion goals: If the business aims for large-scale expansion or access to capital markets, a public company or corporation may be more suitable due to the ability to issue shares.

(viii) Legal requirements: The type of business unit chosen often depends on legal formalities, including registration requirements, reporting standards, and regulatory compliance for different business structures.

(8b)
(PICK TWO ONLY)
(i) A partnership is owned by two or more individuals who share the responsibilities and profits, while a public company is owned by shareholders who can buy and sell shares publicly on the stock exchange.

(ii) In a partnership, the partners have unlimited liability, meaning they are personally liable for the business's debts, while in a public company, shareholders' liability is limited to the amount they invested in shares.

(3a)
After-sales service refers to the support and assistance provided to customers following the purchase of a product.

(3b)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Customer satisfaction: After-sales service helps to ensure customers are happy with their purchase and addresses any issues they may encounter with the product.

(ii) Brand loyalty: Providing good after-sales service fosters customer trust and loyalty, encouraging repeat purchases and long-term relationships with the brand.

(iii) Competitive advantage: Businesses offering superior after-sales service can stand out from competitors who may not provide the same level of support.

(iv) Product feedback: After-sales interactions provide valuable insights into how products are being used and can help companies improve future product designs and features.

(v) Warranty support: After-sales service often includes offering warranties, repairs, and replacements, ensuring customers feel confident in their purchase.

(vi) Market differentiation: Companies can differentiate their products from others by offering high-quality after-sales services, adding extra value for customers.

(vii) Increased sales: Good after-sales service can lead to positive word-of-mouth, which can attract new customers and potentially lead to higher sales.

(3c)
(i) Self-service refers to a system where customers serve themselves by selecting and purchasing products without assistance from staff, while after-sales service involves providing support, maintenance, and assistance after a product has been purchased.

(ii) In self-service, customers are responsible for completing the transaction or service themselves, while in after-sales service, the company or seller provides help to the customer after the purchase to ensure satisfaction.

(iii) Self-service happens at the point of sale, during the transaction, while after-sales service occurs after the purchase, when the customer might need help or follow-up support.

(iv) Self-service often involves choosing products or completing a task independently, such as using a kiosk or browsing a store without assistance, while after-sales service includes services like repairs, customer support, product installation, or troubleshooting after the sale is completed.

(v) The goal of self-service is to provide convenience and efficiency during the purchase process, while the goal of after-sales service is to ensure the product continues to perform well, resolve issues, and maintain customer satisfaction.
===========================

(4a)
A wholesaler is a business or individual that buys goods in large quantities directly from manufacturers and sells them in bulk to retailers, businesses, or other organizations.

(4b)
(PICK SIX ONLY)
(i) A wholesaler sells goods in bulk to retailers or other businesses, while a retailer sells goods in smaller quantities directly to the end consumers.

(ii) A wholesaler deals in large quantities of goods, while a retailer deals in smaller quantities, catering to individual customers.

(iii) A wholesaler targets businesses and retailers as customers, while a retailer targets individual consumers.

(iv) A wholesaler offers lower prices due to bulk purchasing and sales, while a retailer sells goods at higher prices to cover operating costs and make a profit.

(v) A wholesaler usually requires higher capital investment due to the need to purchase goods in large quantities, while a retailer needs less capital investment as they purchase smaller quantities.

(vi) A wholesaler often stocks a wide range of products from various manufacturers, while a retailer offers a limited selection of products that cater to their specific market.

(vii) A wholesaler is located in industrial areas or warehouses, while a retailer is located in commercial or retail spaces, such as shopping malls or street shops.

(viii) A wholesaler provides limited services, mainly focused on bulk sales and distribution, while a retailer offers customer service, such as assistance in selecting products, payment processing, and returns.

(iii) A partnership is managed by the partners themselves, while a public company is managed by a board of directors appointed by shareholders.

(iv) A partnership has a limited number of owners, while a public company can have thousands of owners, depending on the number of shares issued.

(v) A partnership has fewer regulatory requirements and is not subject to the same level of scrutiny as a public company, which must comply with strict regulatory and reporting standards set by government agencies.

(vi) A partnership raises capital mainly through the partners' own contributions, while a public company can raise significant capital by issuing shares to the public through the stock market.

(vii) In a partnership, the profits are taxed as personal income for the partners, while a public company is taxed as a separate legal entity, and shareholders are taxed on the dividends they receive.

(viii) A partnership may dissolve if one partner leaves or dies, while a public company has perpetual existence and continues even if shareholders or directors change.
===========================

(9a)
A cheque is a written document that orders a bank to pay a specified amount of money from the account of the person who issued the cheque to the person or entity named on the cheque.

(9b)
(PICK THREE ONLY)
(i) Bearer Cheque
(ii) Order Cheque
(iii) Crossed Cheque
(iv) Post-Dated Cheque
(v) Stale Cheque
(vi) Open Cheque
(vii) Certified Cheque

(9c)
(PICK THREE ONLY)
(i) Insufficient funds: The account holder does not have enough money in their account to cover the cheque amount.

(ii) Signature mismatch: The signature on the cheque does not match the signature on file with the bank.

(iii) Post-dated cheque: The cheque is presented before the date written on it, making it invalid for payment. 09159514200

(iv) Stale cheque: The cheque is presented after the validity period, usually six months, has expired.

(v) Account closed: The account from which the cheque is drawn has been closed, preventing the cheque from being honored.

(vi) Insufficient details: Missing or incorrect information on the cheque, such as a wrong date, missing payee name, or incomplete amount, can cause it to be dishonored.

(9d)
(PICK THREE ONLY)
(i) Drawer
(ii) Payee
(iii) Drawee
(iv) Endorser
(v) Endorsee
===========================


(10a)
(PICK SIX ONLY)
(i) Nature of the transaction: The size and type of the transaction may dictate the method of payment. Large transactions may require bank transfers or letters of credit, while smaller ones might use cash or credit cards.

(ii) Relationship between buyer and seller: Established business relationships may allow more flexible payment terms, such as credit, while new or less trusted relationships may rely on upfront payment or secure methods.

(iii) Amount of money involved: Higher value transactions often require more secure and traceable methods, such as bank transfers, checks, or electronic payments, while smaller transactions may be settled in cash or credit cards.

(iv) Risk involved: Payment methods that offer more security for both parties, like bank guarantees or escrow accounts, are preferred for higher-risk transactions, while low-risk transactions may use simpler methods like cash or cheques.

(v) Time frame for payment: Immediate payments may be made in cash or credit cards, while longer-term payments may involve payment plans, installments, or trade credit.

(vi) Geographic location: The location of the buyer and seller may influence the payment method, with international transactions often requiring methods like wire transfers, letters of credit, or PayPal, while domestic transactions may use simpler methods.

(vii) Availability of payment methods: The choice of payment methods depends on what is available

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NABTEB GCE 2024 BIOLOGY ANSWERS

NABTEB BIOLOGY
01-10: DCACDAADAB
11-20: DDBDADBACD
21-30: CDAABBDDBC
31-40: ABDCCDBDAB
41-50: DACADBDDAC

==============

ANSWER FOUR(4) QUESTIONS ONLY, AT LEAST ONE(1) QUESTION FROM EACH PART


PART I

(1ai)
DIAGRAM

(1aii)
COLONIAL ORGANISM
(i) Intercellular cell-wall is absent.
(ii) Identical cells form a mass.

FILAMENTOUS ALGAE
(i) Inter-cellular cell-wall is present.
(ii) Identical cells form end- to -end arrangement/ threadlike filamentous/ linear structure.

(1bi)
(i) Non-cellular nature: Viruses lack a cellular structure; they consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) enclosed within a protein coat.
(ii) Obligate intracellular parasites: Viruses can only replicate inside the living cells of a host organism.
(iii) Lack of metabolic activity: They do not have the enzymes or machinery for metabolism and rely entirely on the host cell.
(iv) Small size: Viruses are extremely small, typically ranging from 20 to 300 nanometers in size, making them visible only under an electron microscope.


(1bii)
SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2).

(1biii)
(i) Regular handwashing: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
(ii) Wearing masks: Properly wearing masks, especially in crowded or indoor settings, reduces the spread of respiratory droplets.
(iii) Maintain social distancing: Keep a safe distance (about 1–2 meters) from others to minimize exposure to respiratory droplets.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

*PART II*

(2ai)
Venation refers to the arrangement of veins in a leaf. It is the pattern of distribution of vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) within a leaf.

(2aii)
(i) Reticulate venation: This type of venation has a net-like pattern of veins, where the veins are branched and interconnected.
(ii) Parallel venation: This type of venation has veins that run parallel to each other, without forming a network or branching.

(2bi)
DIAGRAM

(2bii)
(i) Ovary: The ovary protects the developing ovules and eventually develops into the fruit.
(ii) Ovule: The ovule contains the female gamete (egg cell) and after fertilization, develops into the seed.

(2biii)
(i) In a drupe, the endocarp is hard and stony while in a berry, the endocarp is soft and fleshy
(ii) While drupes can contain a single seed or multiple seeds, berries typically contain multiple seeds.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

(3a)
(i) High nutrient content
(ii) Good structure and texture
(iii) Rich in organic matter




(3b)
(i) Crop rotation: Alternating crops, especially legumes, to replenish soil nutrients.
(ii) Application of organic manure: Adding compost, farmyard manure, or green manure to enrich the soil.
(iii) Use of cover crops: Planting cover crops to reduce erosion and add organic matter to the soil.
(iv) Proper irrigation: Avoiding waterlogging or drought conditions to maintain soil health.
(v) Minimizing soil erosion: Using terracing, mulching, or windbreaks to prevent topsoil loss.

(3ci)
(i) Continuous monocropping.
(ii) Overgrazing by livestock.
(iii) Excessive use of chemical fertilizers without replenishment of organic matter.

(3cii)
(i) Enhancing soil aeration: Their burrowing creates channels for air and water to penetrate the soil.
(ii) Decomposing organic matter: They break down plant and animal debris, enriching the soil with nutrients.
(iii) Improving soil structure: Their movement helps to mix soil particles and improve its structure.
(iv) Boosting nutrient availability: Their castings contain concentrated nutrients readily available to plants.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

*PART III*

(4a)
(i) Flatworm: Flame cells
(ii) Paramecium: Contractile vacuole
(iii) Young balsam plant: Stomata and lenticels (for gaseous excretion), and vacuoles for other metabolic wastes
(iv) Cockroach: Malpighian tubules

(4b)
(i) Detoxification: The liver neutralizes toxins and harmful substances in the blood.
(ii) Bile production: Produces bile, which helps emulsify fats during digestion.
(iii) Storage of glycogen: Converts excess glucose into glycogen for storage.
(iv) Protein metabolism: Converts ammonia (a toxic byproduct) into urea for excretion and synthesizes plasma proteins like albumin.
(v) Regulation of blood composition: Helps regulate glucose levels, iron, and cholesterol in the blood.

(4ci)
Uric acid

(4cii)
(i) Thyroid gland: Secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
(ii) Pancreas: Secretes insulin and glucagon.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

(5ai)
Sexual reproduction is the biological process in which two organisms of the same species produce offspring by combining their genetic materials through the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg).

(5aii)
(i) Visual Displays: Many animals perform elaborate visual displays, such as the peacock spreading its colorful feathers or birds performing dances.
(ii) Vocal Calls: Birds and frogs often use unique songs or calls to attract mates.
(iii) Scent Marking: Some animals release pheromones or use scent markings to signal their readiness to mate, such as in certain mammals.

(5aiii)
(i) Condoms
(ii) Oral contraceptives
(iii) Intrauterine device (IUD)

(5b)
DIAGRAM

(6ai)
Mendel's Law of Inheritance
Mendel's laws of inheritance are:
(i) Law of Segregation: Each individual carries two alleles for each trait, which separate (segregate) during gamete formation, ensuring each gamete receives only one allele.
(ii) Law of Independent Assortment: Alleles for different traits assort independently of one another during gamete formation, provided the genes are not linked.

(6aii)
DIAGRAM

(6bi)
A population refers to the total number of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at a given time, capable of interbreeding and sharing the same resources.

(6bii)
BIOTIC FACTORS
(i) Predation
(ii) Availability of food

ABIOTIC FACTORS
(i) Temperature
(ii) Water availability

(6c)
(i) Soil Degradation: Reduces soil fertility, inhibiting plant growth.
(ii) Water Pollution: Contaminates water bodies, harming aquatic life.
(iii) Loss of Biodiversity: Kills organisms, leading to reduced species diversity.
(iv) Air Pollution: Release of toxic fumes during spillage harms air quality and health

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*NECO GCE HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICAL*
============================================

(1a)
Human kidney.

(1b)
C - Renal cortex
D - Renal medulla
E - Renal pyramid
F - Renal pelvis
G - Ureter
H - Renal artery or vein

(1c)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) The kidney regulates water balance by filtering blood to form urine.
(ii) It eliminates metabolic waste products such as urea.

(1d)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Kidney stones
(ii) Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
(iii) Urinary tract infections (UTI)
(iv) Glomerulonephritis

===================================================

(2a)
Human vertebral column (spinal column)

(2b)
X - Cervical vertebrae
Y - Thoracic vertebrae
Z - Lumbar vertebrae
M - Sacral vertebrae (Sacrum)

(2c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Scoliosis (lateral curvature of the spine)
(ii) Kyphosis (excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine)
(iii) Lordosis (excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine)
(iv) Flat back (loss of normal spinal curves)
(v) Bow legs (outward curvature of the legs, affecting alignment)
(vi) Knock knees (inward curvature of the legs, affecting postures

(2d)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Provides structural support for the body.
(ii) Protects the spinal cord.
(iii) Enables movement and flexibility of the body.
(iv) Acts as an attachment point for ribs and muscles.

===================================================

(3a)
The digestive system

(3b)
K - Esophagus
L - Liver
M - Stomach
N - Small intestine
O - Large intestine
P - Rectum

(3c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Hiatal hernia
(ii) Abdominal muscle weakness
(iii) Spinal deformities affecting posture
(iv) Lordosis (compressing the digestive organs)
(v) Diaphragm dysfunction
(vi) Postural hypotension

===================================================

(4)
In a Tabular form

=DEFICIENCY DISEASE=
(i) Rickets
(ii) Scurvy
(iii) Nyctalopia
(iv) Goitre

=INFECTIOUS DISEASES=
(i) Malaria
(ii) Encephalitis
(iii) Hepatitis
(iv) Tuberculosis

=NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES=
(i) Diabetes
(ii) Asthma
(iii) Leukemia
(iv) Hypertension

===================================================

(5ai)
A narcotic is a drug or substance that affects mood or behavior and is used for pain relief, often leading to dependence when misused.

(5aii)
(i) Morphine
(ii) Heroin
(iii) Codeine

(5bi)
Contraception refers to methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy.

(5bii)
(i) Use of condoms
(ii) Vasectomy
(iii) Withdrawal method (coitus interruptus)

===================================================

(6ai)
Blood clotting is the process by which blood forms clots to stop bleeding and prevent excessive blood loss from wounds or injuries.

(6aii)
(i) Oxygen
(ii) Nutrients
(iii) Hormones

(6bi)
(i) Blood group O negative (O−).
(ii) Blood group AB positive (AB+).

(6ci)
Population census is the official counting of all individuals in a country or specific area, conducted periodically to gather demographic data.

(6cii)
Birth rate

===================================================

(7)
A host is an organism that provides resources or shelter for another organism. WHILE, A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host and benefits at the host's expense.

(7b)
First aid refers to the immediate care given to an injured or ill person before professional medical help is available.

(7c)
(i) Promotes responsible sexual behavior.
(ii) Reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and teenage pregnancies.

===================================================

(8a)
(i) Immunity: The ability of an organism to resist or defend against diseases and infections.

(ii) Heredity: The process through which genetic traits are passed from parents to offspring.

(8b)
Bereavement is the period of grief and mourning after the loss of a loved one.

(8c)
(i) Recycling
(ii) Landfilling
(iii) Incineration

(8d)
National Environment Management Authority.

While she endures emotional and physical abuse from her husband Francis and navigates systemic discrimination, her determination to provide a better future for her children and to assert her dignity as a woman remains unwavering. This contrast serves to emphasize her character’s tenacity and the enduring hope that propels her forward.

Lastly, Emecheta contrasts cultural norms in Nigeria with those in England. In Nigeria, Adah faces gender-based expectations that confine her role to that of a submissive wife and mother. In England, although she escapes some traditional constraints, she faces new forms of oppression tied to her race and immigrant status. This cultural dichotomy enriches the narrative, revealing how intersecting oppressions shape her identity and struggles.

Through these contrasts, Emecheta vividly portrays the challenges of navigating dual oppressions, gender and racial, and critiques the systemic inequalities that perpetuate such struggles. The device of contrast not only accentuates Adah’s hardships but also highlights her remarkable capacity for survival and self-determination.
=======================================

(3)
(i) Reunion and Redemption - A New Beginning;
Nii's reunion with his family at dawn symbolizes hope and renewal. After enduring separation, loss, and war, this poignant moment revitalizes Nii's spirit. The reunion rekindles family bonds and love, offers a sense of belonging and identity, provides closure and healing from past traumas, and marks a new beginning. This unexpected joy renews Nii's purpose and energizes him to rebuild his life.

(ii) Liberation from War's Darkness - A Dawn of Freedom;
Nii's escape from the war-torn village at dawn marks a turning point. As he emerges from the shadows of conflict, dawn's light represents freedom, safety, and a chance for rebirth. The escape signifies a break from the cycle of violence and fear, and Nii leaves behind the darkness of war, embracing a brighter future. He finds solace in the unknown, fueled by hope and determination. This unexpected joy propels Nii toward a future filled with possibilities.

(iii) Triumph over Adversity - Resilience and Perseverance;
Throughout the novel, Nii's resilience yields unexpected successes. Despite facing numerous challenges, he secures refuge, rebuilds his life, forms new connections, discovers inner strength, and learns to cope with trauma. These moments of triumph illuminate the human capacity for perseverance and underscore the novel's message of hope.
=======================================

(4)
COMING SOON
=======================================

*SECTION II; ANSWER ONE(1) QUESTION ONLY*

(5)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Mr. Norton:
Mr. Norton is a wealthy, white benefactor who plays a significant role in the narrator’s life, being one of the major donors to the college the narrator attends. He represents a patronizing and paternalistic approach to race relations, believing that by giving financial support, he is helping uplift Black people. However, his visit to the campus exposes his ignorance and the hypocrisy of his views, especially when he becomes fascinated by the poor Black veteran and the "incidents" of the community. Mr. Norton’s interactions with the narrator and others reveal the racialized power dynamics that underpin his charitable gestures and the complex ways that white supremacy manifests in seemingly benign acts.

(ii) Young Emerson:
Young Emerson is the son of a prominent businessman and a symbol of the emerging generation of white liberals. He is a progressive character who appears to be more aware of racial issues than other white characters in the story, offering the narrator a job in New York and showing a kind interest in his future. However, his well-intentioned actions are ultimately limited by his lack of deep understanding of the realities faced by African Americans. Young Emerson is a character that represents the limitations of liberal thought when it comes to addressing systemic racism, as he still remains ignorant of the full scope of oppression that the narrator faces.

*NECO GCE 2024 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH ANSWERS*

LITERATURE OBJ
01-10: AEDDEDDDDE
11-20: CCEDAACDAA
21-30: AAAAACEECD
31-40: DDDDCCCBBB
41-50: BDDEEDEBCB
51-60: CAADECEDBA

=======================================

*SECTION I; ANSWER ONE(1) QUESTION ONLY*


(1)
In Buchi Emecheta's Second Class Citizen, the theme of male privilege is deeply woven into the narrative, highlighting how patriarchal norms constrain the protagonist, Adah, throughout her life. From her childhood in Nigeria, she experiences a culture that prioritizes boys over girls, with her brother's education valued over her own despite her intellectual promise. This reflects societal expectations that girls are meant for domestic roles, while boys are groomed to be future leaders and providers. Adah’s determination to pursue education despite these obstacles serves as an act of resistance against these norms.

Male privilege is also embodied in Adah's relationship with her husband, Francis, who exercises control over her life while contributing little to their household. He feels entitled to her labor, resources, and even her body, without reciprocating in terms of emotional or financial support. Francis’s behavior underscores the belief that his role as a man inherently grants him superiority and authority, even when he fails to meet the responsibilities traditionally associated with male providers.

In England, Adah faces additional challenges as male privilege intersects with racial and institutional discrimination. Male authority figures in her workplace often dismiss or undervalue her contributions, reflecting broader societal structures that prioritize men’s advancement over women’s. These barriers highlight the compounded oppression experienced by Adah as a woman of color and an immigrant.

Despite these challenges, Adah consistently resists male privilege. Her pursuit of education and a career, along with her ultimate decision to leave Francis, are powerful acts of defiance. These choices demonstrate her refusal to accept the limitations imposed on her by a patriarchal system. Her resilience and determination to secure financial independence and self-respect symbolize a broader critique of gender inequality.

Through Adah’s struggles, Emecheta critiques the systemic privileges afforded to men and the double burden faced by women, particularly Black immigrant women. The novel illuminates how male privilege operates across cultural and geographical contexts, making Adah’s experiences a universal commentary on the pervasive nature of gender inequality.
=======================================

(2)
In Second Class Citizen by Buchi Emecheta, contrast is a significant literary device used to highlight the protagonist Adah’s struggles, resilience, and journey through life. The novel juxtaposes differing elements to underline the social, cultural, and personal challenges she faces as a Nigerian woman in both her homeland and England.

One of the most apparent contrasts is between Adah’s aspirations and the reality she encounters. From a young age, Adah dreams of achieving an education and a better life, envisioning herself as independent and successful. However, her environment, steeped in patriarchal and colonial constraints, constantly undermines her ambitions. This disparity underscores her resilience as she navigates oppressive systems that treat her as a second-class citizen, both in her marriage and in a racially segregated British society.

Another key contrast is between the idealized perception of England and the stark reality Adah experiences upon her arrival. She initially views England as a land of opportunity and equality, but this dream is shattered by the pervasive racism and discrimination she encounters. This contrast deepens the reader's understanding of colonial disillusionment and the challenges faced by immigrants, especially women of color, in postcolonial contexts.

The novel also contrasts Adah’s internal strength with the external pressures she faces.

(iii) Brother Hambro:
Brother Hambro is a member of the Brotherhood, a political organization that the narrator joins later in the novel. He is portrayed as a manipulative figure who speaks about equality and justice but is more interested in advancing the Brotherhood’s agenda rather than genuinely advocating for Black rights. He represents the dangers of ideological manipulation, using the narrator's desire for a cause to push the Brotherhood's agenda without regard for the personal struggles or humanity of those it seeks to "help." Brother Hambro’s character shows how political movements, even those advocating for equality, can become self-serving and exploitative.

(iv) The Veteran:
The Veteran, a recurring character in the novel, represents the disillusionment and trauma experienced by many African Americans who have faced systemic oppression. He is an older Black man who shares his experiences of being exploited and discarded by society. The Veteran, especially in his encounter with the narrator, serves as a symbol of the struggle for identity and survival in a world that dehumanizes Black people. His disillusionment is palpable, and his experiences serve as a warning to the narrator about the consequences of trying to conform to societal expectations that erase individual identity. The Veteran’s character underscores the novel’s themes of invisibility and the harsh reality of racial oppression.
=======================================

(6)
In Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man, the "battle royal" is a crucial scene that underscores the novel’s exploration of racism, identity, and power. Early in the story, the narrator, a young Black man, is invited by a group of white businessmen to give a speech, under the impression that he will be rewarded with a scholarship. However, before he can speak, he is blindfolded and forced to participate in a brutal fight with other Black boys, all for the amusement of the white men in attendance. The scene turns from an opportunity for advancement into an experience of dehumanizing violence, symbolizing the way Black individuals are exploited and degraded for the entertainment of white society.

The battle royal reveals the systemic racism at play, showing how the white men see the Black boys as little more than animals to be controlled and humiliated. The violence of the fight is not just physical but psychological, as the narrator is made to believe he will be rewarded for his speech, only to have his hopes dashed when the briefcase he is given contains a meaningless check. This betrayal reflects the emptiness of the promises made by white society, where success for Black people is often an illusion and their efforts are systematically undermined.

The scene also marks the beginning of the narrator’s journey toward self-awareness. Before the battle royal, he is eager to prove himself and gain approval from the white businessmen, but the brutal reality of the fight forces him to see the harsh truths about his position in society. The battle royal represents the first of many moments in which the narrator is confronted with the dissonance between his desire for acceptance and the violent oppression that defines his existence.

Through this event, Ellison introduces the central theme of invisibility, as the narrator’s humanity is ignored and his individuality is stripped away. The battle royal forces the narrator to begin questioning his identity and the societal structures that define him. Ultimately, this scene serves as a turning point in the novel, setting the stage for the narrator’s growing awareness of the racial and societal forces that oppress him and shape his sense of self. It is a powerful symbol of the psychological and physical violence Black people face in a racist society, and it contributes significantly to the novel’s exploration of identity, oppression, and the struggle for recognition.
=======================================

(7)

In Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontë presents a complex portrayal of religion that critiques orthodox Christian beliefs while exploring themes of personal spirituality and emotional connection. The novel highlights the tensions between institutionalized religion and individual experience, particularly through the characters of Heathcliff, Catherine, Nelly Dean, and Joseph.

Heathcliff and Catherine reject traditional Christian doctrines, finding greater meaning in their passionate love for each other. Catherine famously states that she would be miserable in heaven, indicating that her true paradise lies in the wild moors rather than in a religious afterlife. This connection to nature serves as their personal form of spirituality, contrasting sharply with the rigid beliefs of other characters.

Joseph, the self-righteous servant at Wuthering Heights, epitomizes a harsh, judgmental version of Christianity. His fire-and-brimstone approach creates an oppressive atmosphere, using biblical teachings to condemn rather than uplift those around him. This portrayal critiques how religion can be wielded as a tool for control and punishment rather than compassion.

Nelly Dean, as a narrator and caretaker, represents a more nuanced view of faith. Although she holds devout Christian beliefs, her moral compass often clashes with the intense emotions displayed by Heathcliff and Catherine. Nelly’s perspective reflects the struggle between societal expectations and personal desires, further emphasizing Brontë's critique of orthodox religion.

Ultimately, Wuthering Heights suggests that true spirituality transcends formal religious practices. The passionate bond between Heathcliff and Catherine becomes a form of self-worship that defies societal norms, indicating that fulfillment can be found outside traditional religious frameworks. Through this exploration, Brontë advocates for personal agency in matters of faith and highlights the importance of emotional connections over institutionalized beliefs.
=======================================

(8.)
The Character and Role of Cathy Earnshaw

Catherine Earnshaw, a central figure in "Wuthering Heights," embodies the novel's themes of passion, identity, and the struggle between societal expectations and personal desires. Her character is a complex amalgamation of wildness and refinement, reflecting the tumultuous environment of the moors that shape her existence. Cathy's relationship with Heathcliff is the linchpin of the narrative, representing an intense, elemental bond that defies conventional social norms. This connection, rooted in shared childhood experiences and a profound emotional affinity, transcends the boundaries of romantic love and ventures into the realm of spiritual kinship. Through Cathy, Brontë explores the idea of a soul-mate, suggesting that such connections, while deeply fulfilling, can also be destructive and consuming. Cathy's marriage to Edgar Linton illustrates her internal conflict between the desire for social advancement and her innate longing for freedom. Edgar represents the civilized world with its attendant privileges and constraints, while Heathcliff symbolizes the untamed forces of nature and raw emotion. Cathy's decision to marry Edgar is emblematic of her attempt to reconcile these dual aspects of her identity, yet it ultimately leads to personal turmoil and tragedy.


Furthermore, Cathy's role in the novel underscores the limitations imposed on women in the 19th century. Her constrained agency and the expectations placed upon her as a woman highlight the societal pressures that contribute to her eventual demise. Cathy's struggle for autonomy and self-expression serves as a critique of the patriarchal structures that dictate women's lives, emphasizing the need for a balance between societal duties and personal fulfillment. In conclusion, Cathy Earnshaw's character is a powerful exploration of the human spirit's complexities and contradictions.

Her passionate nature and tragic fate underscore the novel's exploration of identity, love, and the societal forces that shape individual destinies.
=======================================

COMPLETED✅✅✅

NECO GCE LITERATURE QUESTIONS👇👇

NECO GCE LITERATURE QUESTIONS 👆👆

*NECO GCE HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICAL*
============================================

(1a)
Human kidney.

(1b)
C - Renal cortex
D - Renal medulla
E - Renal pyramid
F - Renal pelvis
G - Ureter
H - Renal artery or vein

(1c)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) The kidney regulates water balance by filtering blood to form urine.
(ii) It eliminates metabolic waste products such as urea.

(1d)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Kidney stones
(ii) Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
(iii) Urinary tract infections (UTI)
(iv) Glomerulonephritis

===================================================

(2a)
Human vertebral column (spinal column)

(2b)
X - Cervical vertebrae
Y - Thoracic vertebrae
Z - Lumbar vertebrae
M - Sacral vertebrae (Sacrum)

(2c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Scoliosis (lateral curvature of the spine)
(ii) Kyphosis (excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine)
(iii) Lordosis (excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine)
(iv) Flat back (loss of normal spinal curves)
(v) Bow legs (outward curvature of the legs, affecting alignment)
(vi) Knock knees (inward curvature of the legs, affecting postures

(2d)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Provides structural support for the body.
(ii) Protects the spinal cord.
(iii) Enables movement and flexibility of the body.
(iv) Acts as an attachment point for ribs and muscles.

===================================================

(3a)
The digestive system

(3b)
K - Esophagus
L - Liver
M - Stomach
N - Small intestine
O - Large intestine
P - Rectum

(3c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Hiatal hernia
(ii) Abdominal muscle weakness
(iii) Spinal deformities affecting posture
(iv) Lordosis (compressing the digestive organs)
(v) Diaphragm dysfunction
(vi) Postural hypotension

===================================================

(4)
In a Tabular form

=DEFICIENCY DISEASE=
(i) Rickets
(ii) Scurvy
(iii) Nyctalopia
(iv) Goitre

=INFECTIOUS DISEASES=
(i) Malaria
(ii) Encephalitis
(iii) Hepatitis
(iv) Tuberculosis

=NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES=
(i) Diabetes
(ii) Asthma
(iii) Leukemia
(iv) Hypertension

===================================================

(5ai)
A narcotic is a drug or substance that affects mood or behavior and is used for pain relief, often leading to dependence when misused.

(5aii)
(i) Morphine
(ii) Heroin
(iii) Codeine

(5bi)
Contraception refers to methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy.

(5bii)
(i) Use of condoms
(ii) Vasectomy
(iii) Withdrawal method (coitus interruptus)

===================================================

(6ai)
Blood clotting is the process by which blood forms clots to stop bleeding and prevent excessive blood loss from wounds or injuries.

(6aii)
(i) Oxygen
(ii) Nutrients
(iii) Hormones

(6bi)
(i) Blood group O negative (O−).
(ii) Blood group AB positive (AB+).

(6ci)
Population census is the official counting of all individuals in a country or specific area, conducted periodically to gather demographic data.

(6cii)
Birth rate

===================================================

(7)
A host is an organism that provides resources or shelter for another organism. WHILE, A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host and benefits at the host's expense.

(7b)
First aid refers to the immediate care given to an injured or ill person before professional medical help is available.

(7c)
(i) Promotes responsible sexual behavior.
(ii) Reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and teenage pregnancies.

===================================================

(8a)
(i) Immunity: The ability of an organism to resist or defend against diseases and infections.

(ii) Heredity: The process through which genetic traits are passed from parents to offspring.

(8b)
Bereavement is the period of grief and mourning after the loss of a loved one.

(8c)
(i) Recycling
(ii) Landfilling
(iii) Incineration

(8d)
National Environment Management Authority.

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(vi) Rehabilitation Programs for Ex-Cultists: Ex-cult members should be given opportunities for rehabilitation and reintegration into society. Counseling, education, and vocational training programs can help them rebuild their lives and discourage others from joining cults.

(vii) Promote Parental and Community Involvement: The government should educate parents and guardians on their roles in monitoring their children’s activities and instilling good moral values. Community leaders should also be empowered to play active roles in curbing cultism.

(viii) Improve School Security: Schools, especially tertiary institutions, should enhance security measures, such as CCTV cameras and well-trained security personnel, to prevent cult activities on campuses.

(ix) Engagement of Civil Society Organizations: Encourage collaboration with Civil Society Organizations to organize workshops, campaigns, and programs focused on curbing cultism. Civil Society Organizations can also serve as watchdogs and advocates for anti-cultism policies.

(x) Provision of Recreational Facilities: Government should invest in recreational centers and sports facilities where youths can channel their energy into positive activities rather than being lured into cultism


🇳🇬🇳🇬🇳🇬🇳🇬🇳🇬🇳🇬🇳🇬🇳🇬🇳🇬🇳🇬

*NECO GCE CIVIC EDUCATION*

(7a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Human trafficking is the illegal recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring, or receipt of persons through force, fraud, coercion, or deception, for the purpose of exploitation, such as forced labour, sexual exploitation, organ harvesting, or servitude. It is a serious violation of human rights and a form of modern-day slavery.


(7b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Poverty: Many families struggle to meet basic needs and view opportunities abroad as a way out of their economic difficulties. Traffickers exploit this desperation, offering promises of employment or better living conditions, which often lead victims into forced labor or exploitation.

(ii) Lack of Education and Awareness: Limited access to education leaves many individuals vulnerable to deception. Uneducated individuals are often unaware of the dangers of trafficking and may not recognize fraudulent offers of jobs or scholarships. A lack of awareness campaigns also means many communities do not understand the risks or how to prevent trafficking.

(iii) Unemployment and Economic Instability: High unemployment rates, especially among young people, push many to seek opportunities elsewhere, even through irregular migration channels. Traffickers prey on these individuals by promising them lucrative jobs in other countries, which often turn out to be exploitative.

(iv) Corruption: Corruption within government and law enforcement agencies can enable traffickers to operate with impunity. Bribery and lack of enforcement allow human traffickers to continue their activities undisturbed.

(v) Cultural Practices: Harmful traditional practices, such as child fostering or early marriages, can sometimes lead to trafficking. In some communities, children are sent to live with relatives or strangers under the guise of seeking better opportunities, but this can lead to exploitation, forced labor, or sexual abuse.

(vi) Weak Law Enforcement: Ineffective implementation of anti-trafficking laws and corruption within law enforcement agencies enable traffickers to operate freely. Victims are often unable to seek justice due to the lack of adequate protection mechanisms or the involvement of officials.

(vii) Demand for Cheap Labour and Sexual Exploitation: The global demand for cheap labor and commercial sex fuels trafficking networks. Victims from Nigeria are often transported to other countries to meet these demands, creating a lucrative business for traffickers.

(viii) Conflict and Displacement: Ongoing insurgencies, like Boko Haram in the northeast, have led to massive displacement. Vulnerable populations, particularly women and children, are at high risk of being trafficked by armed groups or criminal networks.

🇳🇬🇳🇬🇳🇬🇳🇬🇳🇬🇳🇬❤️❤️🇳🇬
*NECO GCE CIVIC EDUCATION*

(8)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Voter Education Campaigns: Organize community-based workshops and awareness programs to educate citizens about the importance of voting, understanding political systems, and how their participation can sh

TODAY'S WAEC GCE PHE DONE AND DUSTED

[10/25, 11:41 AM] MR LOUIS SOLUTION: Question 5
(5a) Examples of Protein-Rich Foods:

(i) Meat (beef, pork, poultry)
(ii) Fish (salmon, trout, tuna)
(iii) Dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese)
(iv) Nuts and seeds (almonds, sunflower seeds)
(v) Whole grains (oats, quinoa)
(vi) Legumes (lentils, chickpeas)

(5b) Effects of Phosphorus Deficiency (Pick Any Four):

(i) Leads to feelings of weakness and fatigue.
(ii) Can cause a decreased appetite or loss of interest in eating.
(iii) May result in bone and joint pain.
(iv) Can lead to irritability and mood changes.
(v) Causes difficulty concentrating and cognitive impairment.

Question 6
(6a) Tips for Planning a Special Occasion (Pick Any Four):

(i) Determine your budget for the venue, food, decorations, etc.
(ii) Choose a location that can comfortably accommodate your guest list and fits the theme.
(iii) Select a theme that reflects the couple’s style and personality.
(iv) Choose a menu that caters to guests’ preferences.
(v) Plan activities or entertainment to keep guests engaged.
(vi) Decide on the guest list and ensure the number aligns with your capacity.

(6b) Serving Styles for Events (Pick Any Four):

(i) Buffet style
(ii) Family style
(iii) Food stations
(iv) Cocktail style
(v) BBQ/grill style

(6c) Types of Glassware for Events (Pick Any Two):

(i) Wine glasses
(ii) Champagne flutes
(iii) Highball glasses
(iv) Lowball glasses
(v) Mason jars or tumblers
[10/25, 11:41 AM] MR LOUIS SOLUTION: Question 3
(3a) Definitions:

(i) Table Appointments: Items placed on the dining table to enhance the dining experience, such as tablecloths, napkins, placemats, cutlery, glassware, and dishes.


(ii) Table Setting: The arrangement of tableware and utensils for each diner. This includes the placement of plates, forks, knives, spoons, glasses, and napkins according to dining etiquette.


(iii) Centerpiece: A decorative item placed at the center of a dining table, serving as a focal point. It can include floral arrangements, candles, fruit bowls, or themed ornaments.

(3b) Examples of Tableware (Pick Any Two):

(i) Plates
(ii) Bowls
(iii) Cutlery
(iv) Glassware

(3c) Uses of Napkins (Pick Any Two):

(i) Used for wiping hands and mouth to maintain cleanliness during and after meals.
(ii) Placing a napkin on the lap indicates good manners and signals the start of the meal.
(iii) Helps to blot or clean food stains from clothing or face.
(iv) Protects clothing from spills when placed over the lap.
(v) Placing a napkin beside the plate can signal the end of a meal.

Question 4
(4a) Importance of Fruits for Adolescents (Pick Any Three):

(i) Fruits provide essential vitamins and minerals that support growth.
(ii) Their high fiber content aids digestion and prevents constipation.
(iii) Antioxidants in fruits strengthen the immune system against infections.
(iv) Promote healthy skin and protect against damage.
(v) Natural sugars offer a quick energy boost for active adolescents.
(vi) Fruits help in weight management and prevent obesity due to their low calorie and high water content.

(4b) Ingredients for Preparing Fruit Fool (Pick Any Three):

(i) Fresh fruits
(ii) Sugar or sweetener
(iii) Whipped cream or Greek yogurt
(iv) Lemon juice
(v) Vanilla extract

(4c) Preparation of Fruit Fool:

Chop the fresh fruits and mix them with sugar. Gently fold in whipped cream or Greek yogurt. Add lemon juice and vanilla extract for added flavor. Layer the mixture into serving glasses and chill. Garnish with mint leaves or grated chocolate before serving.

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Wednesday, 27th November 2024
Biology 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:10am.
Biology 1 (Objective): 11:10am – 12:00pm.
Biology 3 (Alternative to Practical Work): 2:00pm – 4:00pm.

========================================================

Thursday, 28th November 2024
Auto Mechanics 3 (Practical): 9:30am – 11:30am (1st Set)
Auto Mechanics 3 (Practical): 12:00pm – 2:00pm (2nd Set).

Literature-In-English 3 (Drama & Poetry): 2:00pm – 4:30pm.

========================================================

Friday, 29th November 2024
Christian Religious Studies 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:30am. Christian Religious Studies 1 (Objective): 11:30am – 12:30pm.

Islamic Studies 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:30am.
Islamic Studies 1 (Objective): 11:30am – 12:20pm.

Arabic 2 (Essay): 3:30pm – 5:30pm.
Arabic 1 (Objective): 5:30pm – 6:20pm.

========================================================

Saturday, 30th November 2024
Economics 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:30am.
Economics 1 (Objective): 11:30am – 12:30pm.

Visual Art 3A (Drawing): 2:00pm – 5:00pm.

========================================================

Monday, 2nd December 2024
Music 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:30am.
Music 1 (Objective): 11:30am – 12:30pm.

Basic Electricity 3 (Practical): 9:30am – 12:30pm (1st Set)
Basic Electricity 3 (Practical): 1:00pm – 4:00pm (2nd Set).

========================================================

Tuesday, 3rd December 2024
History 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:30am.
History 1 (Objective): 11:30am – 12:30pm.

Commerce 2 (Essay): 2:00pm – 4:00pm.
Commerce 1 (Objective): 4:00pm – 4:50pm.

========================================================

Wednesday, 4th December 2024
Geography 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:30am.
Geography 1 (Objective): 11:30am – 12:30pm.
Geography 3 (Practical and Physical Geography): 2:30pm – 4:20pm.

========================================================

Thursday, 5th December 2024
Physics 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:00am.
Physics 1 (Objective): 11:00am – 12:15pm.
Physics 3 (Alternative to Practical Work): 2:00pm – 4:45pm.

========================================================

Friday, 6th December 2024
Agricultural Science 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:40am. Agricultural Science 1 (Objective): 11:40am – 12:30pm.
Physical Education 2 (Essay): 3:30pm – 4:50pm.
Physical Education 1 (Objective): 4:50pm – 5:40pm.

========================================================

Saturday, 7th December 2024
English Language 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:30am.
English Language 1 (Objective): 11:30am – 12:30pm.
English Language 3 (Test of Orals): 2:00pm – 2:45pm.

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Monday, 9th December 2024
Metalwork 3 (Practical): 9:30am – 12:40pm (1st Set)
Metalwork 3 (Practical): 1:00pm – 4:10pm (2nd Set).

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Tuesday, 10th December 2024
Foods and Nutrition 2 (Essay): 2:00pm – 3:15pm.
Foods and Nutrition 1 (Objective): 3:15pm – 4:15pm.

========================================================

Wednesday, 11th December 2024
Further Mathematics/Mathematics (Elective) 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 12:00pm.
Further Mathematics/Mathematics (Elective) 1 (Objective): 2:30pm – 4:00pm.

Music 3A (Aural): 4:30pm – 5:15pm.

========================================================

Thursday, 12th December 2024
Visual Art 3B (Creative Design): 9:30am – 12:30pm.

Metalwork 2 (Essay): 2:00pm – 3:30pm.
Metalwork 1 (Objective): 3:30pm – 4:30pm.

========================================================

Friday, 13th December 2024
Clothing and Textiles 2 (Essay): 2:00pm – 3:30pm.
Clothing and Textiles 1 (Objective): 3:30pm – 4:30pm.

French 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 10:45am.
French 1 (Objective): 10:45am – 11:45am.

Health Education/Health Science 2 (Essay): 3:30pm – 5:00pm. Health Education/Health Science 1 (Objective): 5:00pm – 6:00pm.

*WAEC GCE 2024 TIMETABLE (Second Series)*

Friday, 25th October 2024
Foods and Nutrition 3 (Practical) Planning Session: 9:30am – 10:30am
Home Management 3 (Practical) Planning Session: 10:30am – 11:30am

Monday, 4th November 2024 to Friday, 15th November 2024
Arabic 3 (Oral): Time for the paper will be arranged by the Council.
Music 3B (Performance Test): 30 minutes.
French 3 (Oral): 40 minutes.
Clothing and Textiles 3 (Practical): 2 hours 30 minutes. Foods and Nutrition 3 (Practical): 3 hours.
Home Management 3 (Practical): 3 hours.

=======================================================

Wednesday, 13th November 2024
Building Construction 3 (Building Drawing and Essay): 9:30am – 12:00pm.

Financial Accounting 2 (Theory and Practice): 9:30am – 12:00pm.
Financial Accounting 1 (Objective): 12:00pm – 1:00pm.

Government 2 (Essay): 2:00pm – 4:00pm.
Government 1 (Objective): 4:00pm – 5:00pm.

Basic Electronics 2 (Essay): 2:00pm – 3:00pm.
Basic Electronics 1 (Objective): 3:00pm – 4:00pm.

========================================================

Thursday, 14th November 2024
Hausa 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:30am.
Hausa 1 (Objective): 11:30am – 12:30pm.

Igbo 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:30am.
Igbo 1 (Objective): 11:30am – 12:30pm.

Yoruba 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:30am.
Yoruba 1 (Objective): 11:30am – 12:30pm.

Auto Mechanics 2 (Essay): 2:00pm – 3:30pm.
Auto Mechanics 1 (Objective): 3:30pm – 4:30pm.

========================================================

Friday, 15th November 2024
Home Management 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 10:30am.
Home Management 1 (Objective): 10:30am – 11:30am.

Basic Electronics 3 (Practical): 9:30am – 12:30pm (1st Set)
Basic Electronics 3 (Practical): 1:00pm – 4:00pm (2nd Set).

========================================================

Saturday, 16th November 2024
Civic Education 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:30am.
Civic Education 1 (Objective): 11:30am – 12:30pm.

========================================================

Monday, 18th November 2024
Agricultural Science 3 (Alternative to Practical Work): 2:00pm – 3:30pm.

========================================================

Tuesday, 19th November 2024
Health Education/Health Science 3 (Alternative to Practical Work): 9:30am – 11:15am.

Physical Education 3 (Theory of Practice): 2:00pm – 4:00pm.

========================================================

Wednesday, 20th November 2024
Technical Drawing 3 (Sketches, Building, and Mechanical Drawing): 9:30am – 12:15pm.
Technical Drawing 2 (Essay): 2:30pm – 4:15pm.
Technical Drawing 1 (Objective): 4:15pm – 5:15pm.

========================================================

Thursday, 21st November 2024
Chemistry 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 11:30am.
Chemistry 1 (Objective): 11:30am – 12:30pm.
Chemistry 3 (Alternative to Practical Work): 2:00pm – 3:30pm.

========================================================

Friday, 22nd November 2024
Woodwork 3 (Practical): 9:30am – 12:30pm (1st Set)
Woodwork 3 (Practical): 1:00pm – 4:00pm (2nd Set).

========================================================

Saturday, 23rd November 2024
General Mathematics/Mathematics (Core) 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 12:00pm.
General Mathematics/Mathematics (Core) 1 (Objective): 2:00pm – 3:30pm.

========================================================

Monday, 25th November 2024
Building Construction 2 (Essay): 9:30am – 10:30am.
Building Construction 1 (Objective): 10:30am – 11:15am.
Visual Art 2 (Essay): 2:00pm – 4:00pm.
Visual Art 1 (Objective): 4:00pm – 4:50pm.

========================================================

Tuesday, 26th November 2024
Literature-In-English 1 (Objective): 9:30am – 10:45am. Literature-In-English 2 (Prose): 10:45am – 11:45am.

Basic Electricity 2 (Essay): 12:00pm – 1:00pm.
Basic Electricity 1 (Objective): 1:00pm – 2:00pm.

Woodwork 2 (Essay and Design): 2:00pm – 4:20pm.
Woodwork 1 (Objective): 4:20pm – 5:00pm.

========================================================

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JAMB SETS NEW AGE REQUIREMENT FOR ADMISSION

The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) has clarified the minimum age requirements for candidates seeking admission into Nigerian tertiary institutions for the 2024/2025 academic session.

At the 2024 Policy Meeting, it was agreed that the minimum admissible age for entry into universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education should be 16 years, with a cut-off date set for 31st December 2024.

EXTENSION OF THE MINIMUM AGE REQUIREMENT TO AUGUST 2025

However, JAMB has announced a modification to the minimum age rule, understanding that some institutions may extend their 2024/2025 admission processes into mid-2025.

In a recent statement, the Board stated that any institution that wishes to do so may now admit candidates who will turn 16 years old by 31st August 2025, provided they meet all other academic requirements set by the institution.

This adjustment aims to offer flexibility to institutions without compromising their standards or admission policies.

Candidates who were initially ineligible solely because of age can now have the opportunity to gain admission if they turn 16 before the new cut-off date.

JAMB emphasised that this adjustment does not affect institutions’ autonomy.

Universities and other tertiary institutions that have already set their minimum age requirement at 16 years, with no plans for extension, are still free to maintain this policy.

Therefore, while some institutions may welcome this extended age consideration, others may choose to adhere strictly to the original date of 31 December 2024.

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