LAST MINUTE REVISION FOR FMGE/NEET-PG 2023

🌟🌟CAUSES OF HAGMA 🌟🌟

🎯K- Ketoacidosis
🎯U- Uremia
🎯S- Salicyclate
🎯M- Methanol
🎯A- Ethylene glycol( alcohol)
🎯L- Lactic acidosis

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🌟🌟ECG BASICS 🌟🌟

📍Angles :
Lead I- 0 degree
Lead II- 60 degree
Lead III- 120 degree
aVF: 90 degree
aVL: -30 degree
aVR: -150 degree

📍Axis :
0 to 90 degree - Normal axis
90 to 120 degree - Rightward axis
>120 degree-  Right axis deviation
0 to -30 degree : Leftward axis
<-30 degree-  Left axis deviation

Northwest axis axis of ECG cannot be determined

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By: DR. AAKANKSHA GEHLOT

🌟🌟HYPERSENSITIVITY🌟🌟
REACTIONS

⭐️Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction:

➢ also known as immediate subtype of hypersensitivity reaction.
➢ Immune reactant : Ig E
➢ Examples: A- atopy
B- bronchial asthma
C- casoni’s test
D- drugs induced hyper sensitivity reaction.

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⭐️Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction:

Examples: Mnemonics- my blood group is RH positive.
➢ Myasthenia gravis
➢ Blood transfusion reaction
➢ Good pasture syndrome
➢ Grave’s disease
➢ Immune haemolytic anemia
➢ Immune thrombocytopenia
➢ Rheumatic heart disease
➢ Hyper acute transplant rejection
➢ Pernicious anemia
➢ Pemphigus vulgaris.

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⭐️Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction:

Examples: Mnemonic-SHARP
➢ Sharp
➢ Henoch – scholein purpura
➢ Arthus reaction
➢ Reactive arthritis, raji’s assay
➢ Polyarthritis nodosa.

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⭐️Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction:

Examples:
➢ Rheumatoid arthritis
➢ Mantoux test, lepromin test
➢ Tuberculin test
➢ Multiple sclerosis
➢ Contact dermatitis

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NOTES BY: DR. AAKANKSHA GEHLOT

👼FINE MOTOR MILESTONES👼


🌱4 months- Bidextrous reach

🌱6 months- Unidextrous reach

🌱9 months- Immature pincer grasp

🌱12months -Mature pincer grasp

🌱15 months -Imitates scribbling, tower of 2 blocks

🌱18 months -Scribbles, tower of 3 blocks

🌱2 years -Tower of 6 blocks, vertical & circular stroke

🌱3 years -Tower of 9 blocks, copies circle

🌱4 years -Copies cross, bridge with blocks

🌱5 years -Copies triangle


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Notes by: DR. AAKANKSHA GEHLOT

🦠🦠🦠 MICROBIOLOGY 🦠🦠🦠


1. Medusa head appearance : Bacillus anthracis


2. Citron bodies : Clostridium septicum


3. Blue pus : Pseudomonas Aeroginosa


4. Thumb print appearance : Bordetella pertussis


5. Spidery colonies : Actinomyces Israeli


6. Fried egg appearance : Mycoplasma


7. Cigar bundle appearance : Lepra bacilli


8. Umbrella handle appearance : hooked ends of leptospira


9. Fish in stream appearance : Vibrio cholera


10. School of fish /rail road track appearance : Hemophilus ducrei

11. Swarm of gnat appearance : Vibrio


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📍INDICATIONS OF NORMAL📍
📍SALINE INFUSION📍


🔗Decompensated Shock: very low SBP (unrecordable B.P)

🔗 Metabolic alkalosis

🔗DKA

🔗Non-ketotic Hyperosmolar coma Indications of ringer lactate solution

🔗Burns

🔗Cholera

🔗 Shock (but in crushing Patient with unrecordable B.P- use Normal saline)

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NOTES BY: DR. AAKANKSHA GEHLOT

🔬🔬IOC TO REMEMBER IN 🔬🔬
ENDOCRINOLOGY

🩸Diabetes Incipidus: Water deprivation test

🩸SIADH: Water loading test

🩸Conn syndrome: Saline infusion test

🩸Addison syndrome : ACTH stimulation test/ Cosyntropin test

🩸Pheochromocytoma: Plasma free metanephrine levels

🩸Carcinoid syndrome : Urine for 5HIAA

🩸Acromegaly: Glucose challange test

🩸Prolactinoma: S. prolactin level + MRI head

🩸Cushing syndrome : Low dose dexamethasone suprresion test

🩸Parathyroid adenoma scaning : Sestamibi scan


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NOTES BY: DR. AAKANKSHA GEHLOT

💜💜💜💜 MURMURS 💜💜💜💜


💓Early diastolic murmur at lower left sternal edge & also in Aortic area + Increasing Intensity in Expiration+ Visible Carotid pulsation(in Severity)= Aortic Regurgitation(AR)

💓Early diastolic murmur in Pulmonary area+ Increasing Intensity in Inspiration= Pulmonary Regurgitation(PR)

💓Mid diastolic murmur at Apex +Rumbling in nature & Increasing intensity in Expiration+Best heard in left lateral decubitus position+ Loud S1+ Tapping apex beat= Mitral Stenosis

💓Ejection mid Systolic murmur in Aortic area+ Increasing Intensity in Expiration+ Radiation to carotids= Aortic Stenosis

💓Ejection mid Systolic murmur in Pulmonary area+ Increasing Intensity in Inspiration+ Radiation to left shoulder= Pulmonary Stenosis

💓Ejection mid Systolic murmur in left 2nd, 3rd Intercostal space+ No change of intensity in Inspiration or Expiration+ Wide fixed Splitting S2= ASD

💓Pansystolic murmur in Tricuspid area+ Increasing intensity in Inspiration = Tricuspid Regurgitation

💓Pansystolic murmur in Mitral area+ Increasing intensity in Expiration+ radiation to left Axilla= Mitral Regurgitation

💓Pansystolic murmur in left lower sternal edge+ No change of intensity in Inspiration or Expiration = VSD

💓Continuous machinary murmur at Left upper sternal border= PDA


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Notes by : DR.AAKANKSHA GEHLOT

🎲 Quiz '🎯MIXED BAG QUIZ 🎯'
🎯Questions are conceptual and for every question u ll get 15 sec. 🎯Image based questions
🖊 15 questions · ⏱ 15 sec

🧬🧬🧬CHROMOSOMES TO🧬🧬🧬
REMEMBER

📍p73 gene- 1p
📍p53 gene- 17p
📍Folate transporter- 21q
📍Neuroblastoma - 1p
📍VHL- 3p
📍ADPKD type 1 - 4q
📍ADPKD type 2- 16p
📍APC- 5q
📍Cystic fibrosis - 7q
📍MET- 7 ch.
📍Wilms tumor - 11 ch.
📍Di- georgi syndrome - 22q11
📍RET- 10 ch
📍WT-1 - 11p
📍VWF - 12 ch
📍Retinoblastoma- 13q
📍BRAC 1- 17q
📍BRAC 2 - 13q
📍Fibrillin 1- 15q
📍Fibrillin 2- 5q
📍NF1- 17q
📍NF2 - 22q
📍Dystrophin- Xp21. 2
📍Testicular tumor - iso chromosome- 12p
📍Myelodysplastic syndrome- 5q deletion
📍JAK-2 mutation- 9p

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Notes by : DR. AAKANKSHA GEHLOT

♠️♠️TUMORS HAVING PSAMMOMA BODIES ♠️♠️

🎯🎯Psammoma bodies-  Presence of concentric rings of calcium deposition.

🔘Meningioma

🔘 Papillary cancer of ovary

🔘Serous cystadenoma

🔘 Papillary cancer of kidney

🔘Papillary cancer of salivary gland

🔘Glucagonoma

🔘Prolactinoma

🔘Mesothelioma

Notes by: DR. AAKANKSHA GEHLOT 🩺

🎯🎯 IMPORTANT TRIGGERS 🎯🎯

🎯Most common ovarian tumors ➡️ Epithiloid tumors ➡️ Serous cystadenoma ▶️ Psammoma bodies are seen

🎯Most common ovarian cancer : Serous cystadenocarcinoma

🎯Most common ovarian Ca in reproductive age : Dermoid cyst

🎯Mutation associated with epithelial cell tumors :
Low grade tumor- K-RAS, PTEN Mutation
High grade tumor- p53 gene mutation

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Clear cell tumor - Hobnail cells

Yolk sac tumor - Schiller duval bodies

Granulosa cell tumor - Call exener bodies

Krukenberg tumor : Signet ring cells

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Notes by : DR. AAKANKSHA GEHLOT

LAST MINUTE REVISION FOR FMGE/NEET-PG 2023 pinned «https://chat.whatsapp.com/LJo8xBJs5V9Bcs05Wckjyu For those who are preparing for NEET PG/FMGE 2023. DAILY SURE SHOT NOTES AND PYQ DISCUSSION.»

https://chat.whatsapp.com/LJo8xBJs5V9Bcs05Wckjyu

For those who are preparing for NEET PG/FMGE 2023.

DAILY SURE SHOT NOTES AND PYQ DISCUSSION.

🎲 Quiz 'PHARMACOLOGY QUIZ FOR NEET-PG/FMGE 2023'
For each question u will get 30 sec.
🖊 15 questions · ⏱ 30 sec