#Potassium status is significantly affected in both #acidosis and #alkalosis, as potassium (K⁺) shifts between the intracellular and extracellular compartments depending on pH changes. Here's how potassium is influenced:
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In Acidosis:
Mechanism: Excess hydrogen ions (H⁺) enter cells to buffer the increased acidity. To maintain electrical neutrality, potassium ions (K⁺) exit cells.
Result:
Hyperkalemia (elevated serum K⁺): In acute metabolic or respiratory acidosis, extracellular potassium increases.
However, in chronic acidosis (e.g., renal tubular acidosis), total body potassium may be depleted due to urinary potassium loss, despite normal or elevated serum levels.
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In Alkalosis:
Mechanism: Hydrogen ions (H⁺) exit cells to counteract the alkalemia. To maintain electrical neutrality, potassium ions (K⁺) move into cells.
Result:
Hypokalemia (reduced serum K⁺): Serum potassium decreases due to intracellular potassium shift.
Additionally, alkalosis increases renal potassium wasting as:
Elevated bicarbonate leads to increased potassium loss in urine.
Enhanced aldosterone activity (often associated with alkalosis) further promotes potassium excretion.
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Key Points:
In acidosis, expect hyperkalemia (acute) or normokalemia/hypokalemia (chronic).
In alkalosis, expect hypokalemia, especially if renal excretion of potassium is also increased.
This potassium shift impacts cellular function, especially in excitable tissues like the heart and muscles, which can lead to arrhythmias or weakness.
#acid_base_balance
#acidosis #alkalosis
#K #blood_gas_analysis
---
In Acidosis:
Mechanism: Excess hydrogen ions (H⁺) enter cells to buffer the increased acidity. To maintain electrical neutrality, potassium ions (K⁺) exit cells.
Result:
Hyperkalemia (elevated serum K⁺): In acute metabolic or respiratory acidosis, extracellular potassium increases.
However, in chronic acidosis (e.g., renal tubular acidosis), total body potassium may be depleted due to urinary potassium loss, despite normal or elevated serum levels.
---
In Alkalosis:
Mechanism: Hydrogen ions (H⁺) exit cells to counteract the alkalemia. To maintain electrical neutrality, potassium ions (K⁺) move into cells.
Result:
Hypokalemia (reduced serum K⁺): Serum potassium decreases due to intracellular potassium shift.
Additionally, alkalosis increases renal potassium wasting as:
Elevated bicarbonate leads to increased potassium loss in urine.
Enhanced aldosterone activity (often associated with alkalosis) further promotes potassium excretion.
---
Key Points:
In acidosis, expect hyperkalemia (acute) or normokalemia/hypokalemia (chronic).
In alkalosis, expect hypokalemia, especially if renal excretion of potassium is also increased.
This potassium shift impacts cellular function, especially in excitable tissues like the heart and muscles, which can lead to arrhythmias or weakness.
#acid_base_balance
#acidosis #alkalosis
#K #blood_gas_analysis
