منصة كيان الطبية

• Pseudomembraneous colitis:

Dx is clinical no need for colonoscopy.

Mx)

-Stop the triggering medication
-Metronidazole for 10-14 days

If failed👇🏾

- metronidazole again

If failed 👇🏾

-Oral vancomycin

Cecal volvulus

A 38-year-old woman presents with a 1-day
history of nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention,
and obstipation. She has no history of surgery and
no medical problems. The physical examination
is significant for distention with a tympanic mass
in the left upper quadrant and mild abdominal
tenderness. The WBC count is normal. A plain
abdominal radiograph reveals a markedly dilated,
kidney-shaped loop of bowel with haustral
markings that project from the right lower
quadrant to the left upper quadrant.

Reading thyroid scan

"فجاءته إحداهما تمشي على إستحياء".

كان حياء تلك الفتاة كفيلا لأن يصبر موسى عليه السلام عشرة سنوات ليظفر بها.

قَالَ إِنِّىٓ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنكِحَكَ إِحْدَى ٱبْنَتَىَّ هَٰتَيْنِ عَلَىٰٓ أَن تَأْجُرَنِى ثَمَٰنِىَ حِجَجٍۢ ۖ فَإِنْ أَتْمَمْتَ عَشْرًا فَمِنْ عِندِكَ ۖ وَمَآ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَيْكَ ۚ سَتَجِدُنِىٓ إِن شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ

A 37-yr old man noticed that his left scrotum was getting bigger over the past 2 months. This picture is taken with the patient lying down.

a.Give 3 differentials based on just inspection alone.

b. On examination, the left testicle is hard, non-tender and enlarged.

Give 3 relevant serum tests you would do?

c.What is the surgical management and the appropriate incision to remove this testicle?

• Indications of emergency laparatomy in trauma:

-Hemodynamic instability
-Peritonitis
-Evaceration of the bowel
-Gunshot
-Inability to assess internal
bleeding with non invasive methods
- (+) FAST or DPL

A 45-year-old woman with a 15-year history
of pancolitis from UC undergoes surveillance
colonoscopy. No polyps are detected. Random
biopsy samples are taken, and final pathology
findings reveal high-grade dysplasia from
the sigmoid colon region. Recommended

Principles of amputation

لكم التعليق

Epilepsy and pregnancy:-

Counselling:

• Seizure activity:

-50% no change
-30% increase
-20% decrease

• Most antiepileptics are antifolate:

Folic acid 1-4 mg/d to prevent neural tube defects

• Vit k is also affected so to prevent hemprrhagic disease of the newborn use oral vit k "phylloquinone" 20 mg/d in the last 2 wks of pregnancy then give the newborn 1 mg IM vit K

متى نوقف علاج الصرع؟

استخدم قاعدة ''N":

No Fx
Normal CNS exam
Normal EEG
No multiple seizure type
No seizure for 2 years

Then draw medications over 3 months

Sharp waves on the whole of EEG leads indicating generalized seizure which occur 3 times every one second "3Hz".

So it is absence seizure.

Mx)

-Control triggers like sleep depreviation
-Antiepileptic drugs:

Valproate and ethosuximide can be used as monotherapy.