GurukulIAS @gurukulias011 Channel on Telegram

GurukulIAS

21 Jan, 04:49

Q:9) Given the current global crises, which former world leader would you like to see use his or her influence to resolve these issues now, and why?
Which of Lord Buddha's teachings are most applicable today, and why? Analyze critically.

#ethics #gs4 #UPSC

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37

GurukulIAS

21 Jan, 04:48

Manual scavenging act, 2013 as it blatantly violates Art. 21 of the constitution – Right to life and live with dignity.
My first step of action would be to record the act in my mobile to ensure I have sufficient evidence to prove myself.
Then I will approach the woman and ask if she has been provided with the necessary cleaning kit or not.
Then I will visit the municipality office and lodge a complaint in the grievance redressal body and personally meet the concerned authority asking him to explain the negligence.
Simultaneously, I will mail the photos to the municipal commissioner and also to the local newspaper editor (ensuring the woman’s identity is not revealed).
I will urge the local NGOs and the media to take necessary action against the negligence of the authority’s concerned.
Although the woman may not be aware of her rights, we as an aware citizen have a moral duty to ensure no one is deprived of his/her rights and freedom

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GurukulIAS

21 Jan, 04:39

https://youtu.be/dU-m-xu_WA8?si=DatQp35jhp1Y8kXM

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GurukulIAS

21 Jan, 04:37

Good morning and good luck!

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GurukulIAS

20 Jan, 17:15

jab aap log feedback nahi de sakte tou yr mujhe bhi jarurat nahi hai kumbha se wapis ake ques prepare karna review karna aur ye short banane ki 2:30hrs...I don't owe anyone anything!
It might sound harsh but seems like I am talking to a wall most of the times and sharing my valuable experience where students are not willing enough to acknowledge.

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GurukulIAS

20 Jan, 16:23

Entanglement and Collisions: Discarded fishing gear and marine debris, along with vessel collisions near nesting grounds, cause severe injuries and fatalities.

Environmental and Overfishing Impact: Overfishing near turtle congregation areas attracts more trawlers, increasing accidental deaths and habitat disturbances.

✅ BRICS Bloc:

▪️Context: Nigeria has been officially admitted as a “partner country” of the BRICS bloc, which now includes nine partner nations alongside its full-time members.

🔹About BRICS Bloc:

Established in: BRICS was formally established in 2009, initially as BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). South Africa joined in 2010, forming BRICS.

Headquarters: BRICS does not have a permanent headquarters but operates on a rotational presidency.

Full-Time Members: The bloc consists of Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, United Arab Emirates and Indonesia.

In 2023 BRICS expanded: Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia and the United Arab Emirates. Saudia Arabia has been invited to join, but has not yet done so.

In 2025, Indonesia has joined as a full member.

Partner Nations: BRICS partner nations include Nigeria, Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Thailand, Uganda, and Uzbekistan.

▪️Evolution:

2006: Formed during a G8 Outreach Summit.
2009: First BRIC summit held in Yekaterinburg, Russia.
2010: South Africa joined, becoming BRICS.
2014: Established the New Development Bank (NDB) at the Fortaleza Summit.

▪️Functions:

Economic Cooperation: Promote trade and investment among member nations.

Global Governance Reform: Advocate for fairer representation in global institutions like the UN and IMF.

Development Projects: Fund infrastructure and sustainable development initiatives through the NDB.

South-South Cooperation: Strengthen alliances among developing nations to address global challenges collectively.

✅ Exercise La Perouse:

▪️Context: The multilateral naval exercise La Perouse 2025 is underway in strategic straits connecting the Indian and Pacific Oceans, hosted by France.

🔹About Exercise La Perouse:

What it is: La Perouse is a multilateral naval exercise conducted to strengthen maritime security, enhance interoperability, and develop situational awareness among participating navies.

Host nation: France leads the exercise, with its Carrier Strike Group spearheaded by the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle.

Location: Conducted in the Malacca, Sunda, and Lombok straits, key chokepoints between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.

Members: The 2025 edition includes India, France, the U.S., Canada, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the U.K.

▪️Aim and Objectives:

Maritime Safety: Address issues like illegal trafficking, environmental hazards, and maritime crises.

Enhanced Cooperation: Train in maritime surveillance, air operations, and maritime interdiction.

Interoperability: Use advanced systems like IORIS for synchronized crisis management.

Commitment to Rules-Based Order: Promote a stable and secure Indo-Pacific aligned with India’s SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region).

✅ Internet Governance Internship and Capacity Building Scheme:

▪️Context: The National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) has launched the Internet Governance Internship and Capacity Building Scheme, aiming to build expertise and awareness in internet governance among Indian citizens.

🔹About Internet Governance Internship and Capacity Building Scheme:

What it is: A bi-annual internship program designed to enhance knowledge and skills in internet governance, offering practical exposure and mentorship.

Launched by: National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI)

Aim: To nurture young minds, build expertise in digital policy, and prepare the next generation of Internet Governance experts and tech policy leaders.

🔹Features:

Two tracks:

Six-month and three-month internships.

Mentorship by subject matter experts from organizations like Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

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GurukulIAS

20 Jan, 16:23

💫💫 PRELIMS BUSTER 💫💫

✅ Konark Sun Temple:

▪️Context: Recently, Singapore President Tharman Shanmugaratnam visited the Sun Temple, highlighting its global prominence and Odisha’s rich craftsmanship.

🔹About Konark Sun Temple:

Location: Situated in Konark, Odisha, near the Bay of Bengal.

Built in: Constructed in the 13th century (1238–1264 CE).

Built by: Commissioned by King Narasimha Deva I of the Ganga dynasty.

▪️Kingdom associated:

Represents the strength and stability of the Ganga Empire.

Architectural features:

Chariot Design: The temple is designed as a grand chariot of Surya, the Sun God, with 24 elaborately carved wheels, each 3 meters in diameter, symbolizing time and celestial movement.

Seven Horses: The temple features seven sculpted horses pulling the chariot, representing the Sun’s journey across the sky.

Intricate Sculptures: The plinth and walls are adorned with detailed carvings of dancers, musicians, animals, and mythological narratives, showcasing the artistic finesse of the era.

Vimana and Shikhara: The original principal sanctuary (vimana) was topped with a towering shikhara (crown), which collapsed in the 19th century.

Natmandir and Jahamogana: The dance hall (natmandir) and audience hall (jahamogana) exhibit pyramidal designs, reflecting the grandeur of Kalinga temple architecture.

Symbolic Motifs: Depictions of lions, mythical creatures, and erotic sculptures highlight the spiritual, cultural, and symbolic aspects of 13th-century life.

Global Recognition: Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, acknowledged for its artistic ingenuity and cultural relevance, attracting tourists worldwide.

✅ Kalaripayattu:

▪️Context: The 38th National Games in Uttarakhand has sparked controversy over the relegation of Kalaripayattu, Kerala’s ancient martial art form, to the demonstration section.

🔹About Kalaripayattu:

What it is: Kalaripayattu is one of the oldest martial arts in the world, combining combat techniques, physical training, and healing practices.

State of origin: Originated in Kerala, it holds deep cultural and historical roots in South India.

▪️History and features:

History: Mythology credits the warrior sage Parasurama with its creation. The term “Kalari” means “combat arena,” and “Payattu” means “fight” in Malayalam.

Key Features: The martial art emphasizes body conditioning (Maippayattu), wooden weapons (Kolthari), metallic weapons (Angathari), and bare-handed techniques (Verumkai).

It enhances strength, flexibility, reflexes, and discipline.

Recognition: It was added to the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) of India in 2009.

▪️Women’s Participation: Historically, women have trained in Kalaripayattu, and they continue to excel in its practice today.

✅ Olive Ridley Turtles:

▪️Context: Over the past two weeks, numerous dead olive ridley turtles have washed ashore in Tamil Nadu, particularly in Chennai.

🔹About Olive Ridley Turtles:

What it is: Olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) are one of the smallest and most abundant sea turtles, known for their synchronized mass nesting, called arribadas.

Habitat: Found in tropical regions of the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, olive ridleys are both pelagic and coastal, frequenting nesting beaches in countries like India, Mexico, and Costa Rica.

🔹Features:

Named for their olive-green, heart-shaped shell.

Omnivorous, feeding on crabs, jellyfish, and algae.

Capable of diving up to 500 feet to forage on the ocean floor.

▪️Mating Season: Their nesting season varies by region. In India, it spans November to March, with mass nesting observed at beaches like Odisha’s Gahirmatha and Rushikulya.

▪️Protection Status:

Schedule 1 of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

Appendix I of CITES

▪️Recent Causes of Death:

Bycatch in Fishing Nets: Olive ridley turtles get trapped in commercial trawler nets, suffocate due to lack of air, and die during their breeding season.

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GurukulIAS

20 Jan, 16:23

Stipend of ₹20,000 per month for interns.

Focus on outreach programs to promote internet governance knowledge.

Opportunities to collaborate with I-Star organizations and contribute to digital governance.

🔹About National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI):

What it is: A not-for-profit organization under Section 8 of the Companies Act 2013, working under the aegis of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).

Established in: June 19, 2003.

Aim: To increase internet penetration and facilitate digital adoption in India by building critical infrastructure and improving internet connectivity.

🔹Functions:

Internet Exchange Points (IXPs): Enhance data exchange and reduce latency by routing domestic internet traffic within the country.

.IN Registry: Manage and promote India’s .in domain to strengthen the country’s digital identity.

Internet Registry (IRINN): Support adoption of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses for seamless internet connectivity.

Data Centre Services: Provide secure and reliable data storage solutions to support India’s digital ecosystem.

🔹Key Initiatives:

IPv6 Expert Panel (IP Guru): Support Indian entities in adopting IPv6 protocols.

NIXI Academy: Educate individuals on internet technologies like IPv6.

NIXI-IP-INDEX: Track and showcase IPv6 adoption rates in India and globally

#upsc #psc #prelims #currentaffairs #ga

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GurukulIAS

20 Jan, 15:03

check this how are effects and the story telling and let me know the feedback.

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GurukulIAS

20 Jan, 15:02

https://youtube.com/shorts/4s0GTinW1_o?si=WwzwlIf2xletf-MA

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GurukulIAS

20 Jan, 08:24

Q:8) You want to work in the civil service. You see a woman cleaning human waste by hand one day in a little neighborhood of the city where you are staying. She is dressed in a uniform that the local government provided.
What will you do in this circumstance, and what would be the best course of action for you? Describe the reason. (200 Words)

#ethics #gs4 #UPSC

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149

GurukulIAS

19 Jan, 17:26

On arriving at the airport, they scan their boarding pass and passport at e-gates.

Biometrics are authenticated, and upon successful validation, the e-gates open automatically, granting immigration clearance.

🔹Phases of Implementation:

Phase 1: Covers Indian citizens and OCI cardholders at 21 major airports.

Phase 2: Extends to foreign travellers.

✅ Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX):

▪️Context: India achieved a significant milestone in space technology with the successful execution of ISRO’s Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) on January 16, 2025.

🔹About ISRO’s Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX):

What it is: SpaDeX is a mission to demonstrate satellite docking technology, a critical capability for advanced space missions like space station operations, interplanetary missions, and satellite servicing.

Mission under: The experiment was part of ISRO’s broader strategy to develop Next-Generation Space Technologies and was launched under the PSLV C60 mission.

🔹Aim:

Demonstrate docking and undocking of two satellites in orbit.

Enable transfer of power and control between docked satellites.

Support future human spaceflight missions, moon landings, and space station assembly.

🔹Features:

Satellites involved: SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target), each weighing 220 kg.

Rigidization post-docking for stability.

Transfer of electric power between docked satellites to ensure operational readiness.

Expected mission life: Two years.

🔹How it is done:

Satellites maneuvered from 15m to a 3m hold point for precision docking.

Automated docking using sensors, alignment systems, and thrusters.

Post-docking operations include power checks and payload activation.

🔹Nations that achieved the feat:

United States: First achieved in the Gemini program in 1966.

Russia: Demonstrated docking during the Soyuz missions.

China: Successfully docked modules for the Tiangong space station.

India: 4th nation to achieved this milestone in 2025 with SpaDeX.

✅ Planet Parade:

▪️Context: In January 2025, Venus, Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars have aligned spectacularly in the night sky, creating a rare celestial phenomenon known as a “planet parade.”

🔹About Planet Parade:

▪️What is a Planet Parade?

A planet parade occurs when several planets in the solar system are visible simultaneously in the night sky.

It is not an official astronomical term but describes the alignment of planets along the plane of the solar system.

These alignments can occur in either the morning or evening sky.

▪️How does a planet parade occur?

Planets orbit the Sun on approximately the same plane, known as the ecliptic plane, making them appear aligned in the sky.

Due to their varying orbital speeds and distances, this alignment is temporary and visible only for specific periods.

The current alignment features Venus, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Uranus, and Neptune, forming a curved arc across the sky.

▪️Significance of a Planet Parade:

Astronomical Education: Encourages public interest in astronomy and celestial mechanics.

Cultural Relevance: Historically interpreted as celestial omens or inspiration for folklore.

Visibility of Planets: Provides a unique opportunity to view multiple planets, including distant ones like Uranus and Neptune.

Scientific Exploration: Alignments offer researchers better opportunities to study planetary light emissions and trajectories.

Public Engagement: Sparks curiosity, with astronomers using it as an outreach tool to promote space science.

✅ Kuka Rebellion:

▪️Context: On January 17, the Punjab Chief Minister paid tribute at a function held at the Namdhari Shaheed Smarak in Malerkotla to commemorate Kuka Martyrs’ Day.

🔹About Kuka Rebellion:

▪️What it is:

The Kuka Rebellion was an anti-British uprising led by the Namdhari sect, also known as Kukas, in Punjab.

The movement combined religious reform and resistance to colonial authority.

▪️Occurred in: The rebellion reached its peak in January 1872, with significant clashes in Malerkotla and Malaudh Fort.

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GurukulIAS

19 Jan, 17:26

▪️Leaders: The rebellion was spearheaded by Satguru Ram Singh, founder of the Namdhari sect, along with leaders like Kuka Hira Singh and Lehna Singh.

▪️Reason behind the movement:

Religious Reform: Opposition to social vices like meat consumption, alcohol, and foreign goods.

Colonial Oppression: Discontent with British rule and native collaborators loyal to the colonizers.

Cow Slaughter: Protests against cow slaughter, which deeply offended the sentiments of the Kukas.

▪️Events during the movement:

Attack on Malerkotla (January 13, 1872): Kukas clashed with officials following a cow slaughter incident.

Assault on Malaudh Fort (January 15, 1872): A Kuka contingent attacked the fort under a pro-British ruler but faced strong resistance.

Mass Executions: After their surrender, 49 Kukas were executed on January 17 and 17 more on January 18 by being blown up with cannons.

Suppression: The British, led by John Lambert Cowan, acted with extreme brutality. Thousands of people were forced to witness these executions to serve as a deterrent.

▪️Changes after the revolt:

Exile of Leaders: Satguru Ram Singh and key leaders were exiled to Rangoon, Burma, marking the suppression of the movement.

Legacy of Martyrdom: Stories of bravery, such as the sacrifice of 12-year-old Bishan Singh and Waryam Singh, inspired future resistance movements.

#upsc #psc #prelims #currentaffairs #gk

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173

GurukulIAS

19 Jan, 17:26

💫💫 PRELIMS BUSTER 💫💫

✅ Third Launch Pad:

▪️Context: The Union Cabinet of India, chaired by Prime Minister, approved the establishment of the Third Launch Pad (TLP) at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

🔹About Third Launch Pad (TLP):

What it is: A state-of-the-art launch infrastructure to support Next Generation Launch Vehicles (NGLV’s) and as a standby for the Second Launch Pad (SLP).

Location: Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

▪️Aim:

Support launches of NGLVs, LVM3 vehicles, and human spaceflight missions like Gaganyaan.

Enhance India’s space exploration capabilities for the next 25–30 years.

First Launch Pad (FLP)
Primary Purpose: Designed for Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and supports Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)

▪️Significance:

Foundation of India’s space transportation.

Played a key role in India’s initial satellite launches.

▪️Second Launch Pad (SLP):

Primary Purpose: Dedicated to Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and LVM3

▪️Notable Contributions:

Supported Chandrayaan-3 and other national and commercial missions.

Preparing for human-rated launches for Gaganyaan

✅ Pay Commission:

▪️Context: The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister, has approved the establishment of the 8th Pay Commission, aiming to revise the salaries of nearly 50 lakh central government employees and allowances for 65 lakh pensioners.

🔹About Pay Commission:

What it is: A body established by the Central Government to review and recommend changes to the salary, allowances, and pension structures of central government employees and pensioners.

Established by: Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance, Government of India.

🔹Aim:

Ensure fair compensation for government employees.

Recommend formulas for revising Dearness Allowance (DA) and Dearness Relief (DR) to offset inflation impacts.

🔹Functions:

Review pays and allowances of central government employees.

Suggest structural changes to enhance governance.

Ensure financial sustainability of salary revisions.

🔹History of Pay Commissions:

▪️1st Pay Commission:

Year: 1946

Headed by: Srinivasa Varadachariar

▪️7th Pay Commission:

Year Established: 2014

Implemented: January 1, 2016

▪️Key Changes:

Fitment factor set at 57, raising the minimum basic pay from ₹7,000 to ₹18,000.

Maximum salary revised to ₹2,50,000.

Expenditure increases of ₹1 lakh crore for FY 2016-17.

✅ Fast Track Immigration – Trusted Traveller Programme (FTI-TTP):

▪️Context: Union Home Minister inaugurated the Fast Track Immigration – Trusted Traveller Programme (FTI-TTP) at Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Cochin and Ahmedabad airports.

🔹About Fast Track Immigration – Trusted Traveller Programme (FTI-TTP):

What it is: FTI-TTP is an advanced immigration clearance system designed to reduce wait times for international travelers by utilizing automated e-gates.

Launched in: First launched in June 2024 at Delhi’s IGI Airport and later expanded to seven airports on January 16, 2025.

Ministry: Implemented by the Ministry of Home Affairs through the Bureau of Immigration.

Aim: To enable faster immigration processes, enhance security, and ensure seamless international travel for passengers.

🔹Features of the Scheme:

Automated e-gates: Allows passengers to complete immigration without manual intervention.

Biometric Authentication: Ensures secure identification and faster processing.

Online Registration: Passengers register through an online portal, uploading necessary documents.

Validity: Registration is valid for the passport’s duration or five years, whichever is earlier.

🔹Documents Required:

Passport: Scanned copy with a minimum validity of six months.

Passport-size photo: Meeting Indian passport standards, recent (within six months).

OCI Card: Scanned copies of the biographic and family information pages (for OCI cardholders).

🔹How it works:

Passengers register on the FTI-TTP portal and complete verification.

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GurukulIAS

19 Jan, 14:44

Let us examine the situations at two levels:
1)Ethics in personal relation :: Playing the father role in the present social construct to the best of my abilities is both my ethical and social obligation. However it will compromise both my relations ( as a husband and as a father ) if I would not be present in an important occasion like this ( considering that my son has autism dancing is difficult as well as challenging for him).
2)Ethics in professional relation :: Being the boss it is expected of me to work for the best interest of the company so that all those who have shown confidence in me ( by making me the boss) are not left high and dry due to my personal commitments ( unless it is an extreme emergency). Losing the deal would mean losing a big contract which would have benefitted all the employees.
Hence at both the levels I face a morally conflicting situation.
Any action is morally right or wrong based on three primary factors, the object, the circumstances and the purpose. The action I took in this case (lying to get out of the meeting) even though the purpose is right but the object is morally wrong. Lying (as a morally wrong activity) cannot be justified by a right purpose (here I am compromising on values). If I have to really get out of the situation then telling the truth (and asking to reschedule it as his convenience) would have been a more ethical action.

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GurukulIAS

19 Jan, 14:40

https://youtube.com/shorts/sAuZTKoJ3qQ?si=mTYmebPwbKJY6VKi

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GurukulIAS

19 Jan, 10:23

Q:7) You are a boss of a small private organization. You are about to meet important clients who will be visiting your office shortly. But you get a call from your wife that your son who is suffering from autism is performing dance in his school, which is first for you both and a very happy occasion. The meeting which was scheduled cannot be postponed, moreover if the meeting is successful, your company benefits enormously in terms of new contracts. As you deem son’s performance is more important than the business deal, you ask your personal assistant to call the clients and tell them that you are unwell and the meeting can be held tomorrow.
Identify different personal and professional ethical issues present and examine if any values have been compromised in the above case study? (200 Words)

#ethics #gs4

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124

GurukulIAS

19 Jan, 10:22

Ethics of war means the moral principles behind decisions of engaging or not engaging in a war. It also includes the decisions on how you do the war. Various dimensions of ethics of war are following:
1. When is it fair to engage in war?
2. What kind of ammunition should be used in war? (Nuclear, non-nuclear etc)
3. How should you treat prisoners of war?
4. Protecting of civilians during the war.
War between two nations can give rise to issues related to loss of civilian properties, killing of civilians, torture of prisoners of war etc.
Same issues arise in war with terrorists, but we must remember that terrorists of one person are freedom fighters of other. It become difficult to distinguish between terrorist and non-terrorist and it often lead to huge amount of collateral damage. A perfect example is drone strikes by USA in Pakistan, Afghanistan border area.

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GurukulIAS

19 Jan, 08:39

https://youtube.com/shorts/X-yP-XZZlMA?feature=shared

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GurukulIAS

14 Jan, 15:18

That's my work till 4am in the night😀
And my new mic.😊

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GurukulIAS

14 Jan, 14:45

Aap log shorts dekhte nahi it seems....it took me 3-4hrs to make this one ...though I learned few new things regarding editing but guys 1 min ka video hota dekh liya karo...it motivate me to make more...and learn more....I bought a new costly mic as well for better clarity ...so watch it and give feedback on where and how to improve...it is just 1min video better than superfluous reels where youth are hooked up these days🙃

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GurukulIAS

14 Jan, 14:36

https://youtube.com/shorts/hjALJuSFMqs

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GurukulIAS

14 Jan, 13:26

Uttarakhand Main Exam Timetable Released.

Admit cards will be available for download from 17th January.

#UKPSC

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GurukulIAS

14 Jan, 12:44

Happy to say one of our very consistent hardworking student Monika is also willing to assist on this front....this is great great🤞

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GurukulIAS

14 Jan, 09:38

India has a problem of road accidents. Suggest the solution that India can implement. Also, quote what Western countries are doing to minimize it. Discuss the innovative solution by Indian states.

write in 250 words.

#mains #ques_ans #gs3

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111

GurukulIAS

14 Jan, 09:36

Name - Alpha Singh
Date - Had night after interview
DAF Keywords: IOCL job, Chemical engineering, Badminton

Chairman-
How are you feeling today?
What is your job profile at IOCL?
Why to quit such job?
Isn’t this IOCL thing a public service?
Who is favourite cricketer? (I mentioned only Badminton in sports section)
Is Virat Kohli a bully?
What did Australian media write on him?
What is passive aggressive behaviour (bouncer question)

M1:
Define Volumetric analysis?
Where do we use this?
How will you use your learnings from Chemical engineering in IPS?
Say you are posted at a place where IOCL refinery is there and there is a theft of refined petrol from pipeline. How will you approach this case as a chemical engineer?
Interfered my answer (Don’t tell me police aspect, tell me how will you use your engineering background)

M2:
Who is Elon Musk?
Is he a passive aggressive person?
(Hell i know about this)
How is Trump good for Indian interests?
Wouldn’t such sanctions affect Indian exports?

M3:
What is China plus one?
Is India benefiting from this?
What can we do?

M4:
You are from Rajasthan. Tell me what are major industries at your place.
If i make you Industry minister for one day. What policy changes will you introduce?
How is pharma sector doing in India?
You used “pharmacy of the world” but aren’t we dependent on China?
What are other major issues with industry?

After this chairman asked me if i wanted water. I said thank you sir.

Chairman:
What is the water footprint of IOCL?
(Wtf - no idea dude)

He asked me what will i do after this?

Overall cordial board. Some random questions. Let’s see.

Suggestions: keep your mocks and O2O limited. Be confident and stay humble.

All the best.

#upsc_interview

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105

GurukulIAS

14 Jan, 05:34

Providing points atleast 10 guys reacted on interview so take this as a gift or may be I am more philanthropic today!

🔳Arguments in favor of uniform agricultural taxation:
🌟Equity and Fairness:
📌A uniform tax system would ensure that all farmers, regardless of their income level or landholding size, contribute proportionally to the national tax pool, promoting fairness and reducing tax evasion, especially among large landowners who currently exploit loopholes.
🌟Revenue Generation:
📌Taxing agricultural income could generate significant revenue for the government, which could be used to fund rural development programs, infrastructure improvements, and support for small farmers.
🌟Economic Efficiency:
📌A standardized tax system could incentivize modernization and efficient farming practices by encouraging farmers to improve their productivity to offset tax burdens.
🌟Formalization of the Sector:
📌Implementing a tax regime could push more agricultural activities into the formal economy, making it easier to monitor and regulate the sector.

🔳Arguments against uniform agricultural taxation:
🌟Impact on Small Farmers:
📌A uniform tax could disproportionately burden small and marginal farmers, potentially pushing them further into poverty due to their low and fluctuating incomes, especially in regions prone to droughts or floods.
🌟Administrative Challenges:
📌Accurately assessing agricultural income can be difficult due to the sector's complex nature, including varying crop types, weather fluctuations, and informal market transactions, making tax collection challenging and potentially leading to corruption.
🌟Disincentivizing Investment:
📌Fear of taxation might discourage farmers from investing in new technologies or expanding their operations, hindering agricultural growth.
Political Opposition:
📌Taxing agriculture could face significant political resistance due to the large farmer population and their influence on electoral politics.

🔳Way Forward:
🌟Progressive Taxation System:
📌To mitigate the impact on small farmers, consider a progressive tax structure with higher tax rates for larger landholdings and income brackets, while exempting small farmers with minimal income.
🌟Gradual Implementation:
📌Phased introduction of agricultural taxation with a focus on capacity building and awareness campaigns among farmers to ease the transition.
🌟Targeted Support Mechanisms:
📌Alongside taxation, implement targeted government programs to support small farmers, such as subsidized inputs, crop insurance, and access to credit, to mitigate potential negative impacts.
🌟Data Collection and Monitoring:
📌Enhance data collection systems to accurately assess agricultural income and design a fair and efficient tax regime.
🌟State-Level Customization:
📌Allow states to tailor taxation policies based on local agricultural conditions and economic needs, ensuring flexibility and responsiveness.

🔳Overall, while implementing uniform agricultural taxation in India presents significant challenges, a well-designed system with appropriate safeguards and targeted support can potentially promote equity, generate revenue, and encourage modernization within the sector, provided it is implemented with careful consideration of the needs of small farmers and the unique characteristics of different agricultural regions.

#gs3 #mains #UPSC #PSC #Agriculture

Join—@gurukulias011

92

GurukulIAS

14 Jan, 05:31

Am I suppose to type a question and then write an answer???...

I have cleared many mains so I know how to write a decent answer ...it was for you all to practice atleast couple of answers everyday hence I posted 2 questions yesterday...but it seems you guys are not interested....anyways...

Few tit-bits:

Taxes shouldn't be viewed as a burden or a penalty. It is a method of giving to the government so that they can use the funds to better people's lives and advance the nation.

Since agriculture employs the most people, those who work in this industry should also pay taxes. Additionally, it will contribute to a rise in government revenue.

Tax breaks should be granted to farmers who engage in sustainable and organic farming. These incentives will motivate them to make constructive adjustments and offer monetary compensation for implementing sustainable and organic farming methods.

The government must gather information on farmers' income, costs, and financial position (poor, rich, or middle-income) before it may impose taxes on the agricultural sector. Making smarter selections will be aided by this.

All farmers, regardless of state or location, who make more than a specific amount should be subject to a universal taxation system. This is significant because some large and successful agricultural businesses deceitfully report their non-agricultural income as agricultural income in order to circumvent taxes under the current taxation structure.

69

GurukulIAS

14 Jan, 05:26

atleast 10 people reacted it seems that many actually read it..so something good..

60

GurukulIAS

14 Jan, 05:25

what to say about this poll...whenever I try to do something good and extra for you all, I never every get any support....I don't see any channel growth as well despite more 15 months everything here was provided free of cost...channel grow where fees are hefty....may be I need to rethink....though students who leave it's their loss since very few will genuinely care for you for rest it just competition...

62

GurukulIAS

14 Jan, 05:11

🌟What is Nadi Tarangini used for?
📌Nadi Tarangini is used to analyze pulse readings and provide health insights.
📌It can help practitioners analyze 22 Ayurvedic parameters, including stress levels, digestive health, and Tridosha balance.
📌It can help detect, analyze, and predict imbalances in vata, pitta, and kapha.

🌟Who developed Nadi Tarangini?
📌Nadi Tarangini was developed by Aniruddha Joshi and his father, J. B. Joshi.
📌Aniruddha Joshi is a computer scientist and researcher at IIT Bombay.
📌J. B. Joshi is a chemical-nuclear scientist and chancellor of Institute of Chemical Technology.

🌟What are the benefits of Nadi Tarangini?
📌Nadi Tarangini can help standardize Ayurvedic practices.
📌It can help create awareness of Ayurveda in remote areas.
📌It can help develop new treatments for prevalent diseases.
📌It can help create personalized medicine based on an individual's genetic makeup.

#PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #UPSC #health #science_and_technology

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451

GurukulIAS

14 Jan, 05:05

With reference to 'Bharatpol' identify the incorrect statements:

1. CBI was the only agency identified to work with the Interpol but with the launch of Bharatpol, every Indian agency and all states' police will easily be able to connect with the Interpol.

2. Previously, communication among the CBI, ILOs, and unit officers (UOs) relied on letters, emails, and faxes.

3. It will streamline the processing of all requests for international assistance through INTERPOL, including the issuance of Red Notices and other colour-coded INTERPOL notices.

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50

GurukulIAS

09 Jan, 17:55

💫💫 PRELIMS BUSTER 💫💫

✅ AnemiaPhone:

▪️Context: Cornell University researchers have developed AnemiaPhone, a revolutionary technology transferred to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to aid in anaemia alleviation programs.

🔹About AnemiaPhone:

Developed by: Cornell University researchers.

▪️Features:

Portable, rapid, and cost-effective.

Requires only a finger prick and a drop of blood.

Results in minutes, uploaded to a clinical database via mobile, tablet, or computer.

Enables healthcare workers to screen, diagnose, and guide on-the-spot interventions.

▪️How it works:

Blood is applied to a test strip.

The AnemiaPhone reader analyzes the sample.

Data is processed and uploaded for immediate action or referral.

▪️About Anaemia:

What it is: A blood disorder caused by insufficient or dysfunctional red blood cells.

▪️Causes:

Iron Deficiency: The most common cause.

Inherited: Certain types are passed genetically.

Acquired: From injuries, illnesses, or poor diet.

▪️Symptoms:

Fatigue, chest pain, headache, pale skin, dizziness, shortness of breath, and heart palpitations.

✅ Miyawaki Technique:

▪️Context: Prayagraj Municipal Corporation has transformed over 56,000 square meters of garbage dumps and barren lands into lush green forests using the Miyawaki Technique.

🔹About Miyawaki Technique:

▪️What it is:

A method developed by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki in the 1970s to create dense, fast-growing forests by mimicking natural ecosystems.

Often referred to as the ‘pot plantation method’, it involves planting trees and shrubs close to one another to accelerate their growth.

▪️Features:

Dense Planting: Plants are placed close together using native species.

Accelerated Growth: Trees grow 10 times faster than in traditional forests.

Soil Restoration: Enhances soil fertility and promotes natural regeneration.

Biodiversity Boost: Supports a wide variety of flora and fauna.

🔹Significance:

Urban Reforestation: Converts barren and polluted lands into green spaces.

Environmental Benefits: Reduces air and water pollution, absorbs more carbon, and lowers temperatures by 4-7°C.

Sustainability: Prevents soil erosion and promotes ecological balance, contributing to long-term environmental restoration.

✅ Microsoft and IndiaAI Collaboration:

▪️Context: IndiaAI, under the Digital India Corporation, has partnered with Microsoft to harness the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for inclusive development and economic transformation.

🔹About Microsoft and IndiaAI Collaboration:

What it is: A strategic partnership to advance India’s AI ecosystem through training, innovation, and responsible AI development.

▪️Features:

Skill Development: Train 500,000 individuals, including students, educators, women entrepreneurs, and developers, by 2026.

AI Catalysts: Establish Centers of Excellence in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities, fostering rural AI innovation and empowering 100,000 AI innovators and developers.

AI Productivity Labs: Set up labs in 20 training institutes across 10 states to train 20,000 educators and 100,000 students in foundational AI skills.

Support for Startups: Extend benefits like Azure credits and mentorship to 1,000 AI startups through Microsoft’s Founders Hub program.

▪️About IndiaAI Mission:

Launched in: Under Digital India Corporation, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).

▪️Aim:

Establish an ecosystem for AI innovation through public-private partnerships.

Democratize AI for inclusive and sustainable growth.

Deploy over 10,000 GPUs for advanced AI computing infrastructure.

▪️Features:

Promote responsible and indigenous AI capabilities.

Enhance data quality and accessibility for AI solutions.

Support startups and foster AI adoption in underserved areas.

Drive AI applications in citizen-centric sectors like healthcare and education.

✅ Gaddi Dog:

▪️Context: The Gaddi dog, a loyal and resilient shepherd dog from the Himalayas, has been officially recognized as an indigenous breed by the National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR).

32

GurukulIAS

09 Jan, 17:55

Ministry: The recalculation was conducted under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), guided by the National Maritime Security Coordinator.

▪️Methodology Update:

Based on data from the National Hydrographic Office and Survey of India.

Employs advanced technologies for precise measurements, providing a dynamic understanding of the coastline.

#upsc #psc #prelims #currentaffairs #gk

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44

GurukulIAS

09 Jan, 17:55

🔹About Gaddi Dog:

Found in: Pir Panjal range, Jammu & Kashmir, and Himachal Pradesh.

Indigenous tag granted by: National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).

▪️Features:

Sturdy build with a height of around 28 inches and a weight of about 40 kg.

Thick, weather-resistant coat suitable for extreme cold.

Known for its exceptional guarding skills against predators like wolves and leopards.

Loyal, protective, and highly intelligent.

🔹Other Registered Indigenous Dogs:

▪️Rajapalayam:

Region: Tamil Nadu.

Features: Medium-sized; white coat with pink skin, nostrils, and eyelids. Known for its guarding capabilities.

▪️Chippiparai:

Region: Tamil Nadu.

Features: Medium-sized with coat colours ranging from fawn to dark brown, brownish-black, and black. Agile and alert.

▪️Mudhol Hound:

Region: Karnataka.

Features: Slim and fast with excellent guarding abilities. Recognized for its speed and loyalty.

✅ Bhashini Initiative:

▪️Context: The e-Shram portal, designed to provide social security and welfare benefits to unorganized workers, has now been upgraded with multilingual functionality across all 22 scheduled languages, leveraging the Bhashini initiative.

🔹About Bhashini Initiative:

Launched in: 2022.

What it is: A government initiative aimed at providing AI and Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools for translation and digital services in Indian languages.

Developed By: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).

Aim: To eliminate language barriers in accessing digital services by making AI and NLP tools publicly available.

▪️Features:

Local Language Translation Mission for seamless multilingual communication.

Open AI and NLP resources for Indian MSMEs, startups, and innovators.

Ecosystem development for maintaining data repositories, open models, and tools.

“Bhashadaan” crowdsourcing platform for contributing to linguistic datasets via Suno India, Likho India, Bolo India, and Dekho India Accessible through an online platform and dedicated mobile apps.

✅ Polar Vortex:

▪️Context: A severe winter storm recently struck the United States, affecting 60 million people across 30 states, causing power outages and dangerous road conditions.

🔹About Polar Vortex:

What it is: The polar vortex is a massive area of low-pressure, cold air swirling in the Earth’s polar regions. It is categorized into tropospheric (surface to 15 km) and stratospheric (15 to 50 km) vortexes.

Formation: Driven by Earth’s rotation and temperature differences, it is stabilized by a strong jet stream that separates cold arctic air from warmer regions.

▪️Characteristics:

Usually confined to the poles but can weaken and expand southward.

Strong polar vortex maintains a steady circular jet stream; a weakened vortex causes wavy jet streams.

▪️Impacts:

Cold Weather: Weakening allows cold air to travel southward, affecting areas as far as Florida.

Extreme Weather: Disrupts jet streams, leading to unusual weather patterns, including storms and prolonged cold spells.

Economic and Social Disruptions: Causes power outages, travel delays, and increased heating costs.

✅ Recalculated Coastline:

▪️Context: India’s coastline expanded by almost half in just over five decades from 7,516km in 1970 to 11,098km in 2023-24 according to Ministry of Home Affairs.

🔹About Recalculated Coastline of India:

Old vs. New Length: The coastline expanded from 7,516 km (1970) to 11,098 km (2023-24), marking a 47.6% increase.

Revised Parameters: Updated methodology incorporates bays, estuaries, inlets, and other geomorphological features, replacing the older straight-line measurement approach.

▪️Leading States:

Gujarat: Increased from 1,214 km to 2,340 km, contributing the most.

West Bengal: Notable rise of 357%, from 157 km to 721 km.

Tamil Nadu: Revised to 1,068 km, overtaking Andhra Pradesh’s 1,053 km.

Puducherry: Decreased by 4.9 km (10.4%), marking a rare contraction.

Smallest Increase: Kerala, with an addition of just 30 km (5%).

42

GurukulIAS

09 Jan, 17:15

https://youtube.com/shorts/yM3C_6BPCWk?si=hWqPcw41bElv_L8U

38

GurukulIAS

09 Jan, 12:46

#prelims #mains #UPSC #PSC

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86

GurukulIAS

09 Jan, 12:45

Current Poverty Levels

#prelims #mains

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85

GurukulIAS

09 Jan, 12:34

https://youtube.com/shorts/twBkp3XU88E

79

GurukulIAS

09 Jan, 09:34

Faircse
Daf key words: IIT, chemistry, mentoring students from rural background, test cricket Chairman: sheel vardhan sir board, 7th jan, forenoon;

Chairman:
Compare rural and urban students.
How social media is affecting more to rural students ?
What is fasting ?
Digital fasting to be there or not ?
Should individuals have their own social media policy? And do you have your own social media policy?
PL is a business and virat kohli is it's biggest employee. Comment.
Fav crickter around world and followups?

M1
Is it right time for kohli and sharma for retirement?
Some basic questions of chemistry.

M2
Say 5 statements about Indian military?
Do you think we are getting proportionate outcomes in military vis a vis inputs ?
Challenges in Indian military?
3 military weapons which would be relevant in next 2 decades?

M3
Technocrat from IIT KGP ?
How does the internet work? ( Couldn't tell
What is net neutrality?
Does india have right to access to internet?
Which country has this right as
Fundamental right ?

M4
1. Recent test series saw individuals playing in their style over what was team requirements. Do you agree ?
Do you think this is Right approach in a test game?
Do we see similar approach in our public service as well?
(Mentioned word railway in answer)
4. Tell me how to improve railways accessibility?

Chairman: thank you and have a good day.

#upsc_interview

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92

GurukulIAS

09 Jan, 09:34

Name : professional stranger
Date of interview: 08-01-25(forenoon session)
Board : dinesh dasa sir(4th to go)
DAF KEYWORDS: bsc Hons anthro, DU, non fiction, mithila cuisine, movies socially relevant, prizes and medals (not mentioning because nothing was asked)

Dasa sir
1. Consider us as the first batch of students in first semester hence introduce the subject to us, bring out the teacher in you by standing behind the teacher)

2. Consider yourself as zia mody and write ten judgements you'd write in book (I had mentioned that I have read ten judgements that changed india by zia mody)

3. As we are getting old, so what are the changes you'd suggest into the upsc system (long discussion 15 minutes on this)

M1
free movement regime and related things

M2
1. Galapagos island (anthropology topic) (charles darwin)
2.Mithila cuisine, what do you cook, listened everything in great deal
3. What is the famous fish found in mithila region and how do you cook that(listened in great detail)
4. How champaran mutton is cooked

M3 (female)
1. Which book apart from I mentioned earlier you read
2. Can you recite few lines out if it (I mentioned rashmirathi)
3. Meaning of the sentences and lines
4. Which socially relevant movie (I said laapata ladies, she said she knew that it was about to come)
5. Critically analyse the movie in 1 minute
6. Have you read Yuval noah harari? I had said that I haven't, I am planning to
7. Still she asked have you heard of the recent book "nexus", I went on with it (thanks to bhagwat sir for putting out that saurabh Dwivedi interrview link with Yuval) and she was satisfied

M4
1. Is cooking an science or art?
Explain
Then he himself also added a few points

Overall experience: nothing like mocks, no grilling, very cordial, it was a discussion rather than interview.

Baki sab mahadev ke haathon mein🙏🤞

#upsc_interview

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76

GurukulIAS

09 Jan, 08:12

99% of people don't realise this...

"Time is Slow"
When You're Waiting

"Time is Fast"
When You're Late

"Time is Short"
When You're Happy

"Time is Endless"
When You're in Pain

"Time is Currency"
Be Careful

How you spend it
Because It's limited

#motivation

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83

GurukulIAS

09 Jan, 06:58

You want help but are not willing to render one... I mean, how could we do this all alone?

Either we hire someone and pay them since one will not do it for free, but who will buy then?

If some students had come forward, we could have done this together.

An alternative that I feel can be that we create a separate channel where we post just questions monthwise, and in the pinned comment, you can click the respective month and revise the MCQs..... If you guys are in, then we can do this provided we have sufficient numbers, or else again it will be too much work considering we already are working.

Your written response is needed. Thank you.

Regards
Wic

97

GurukulIAS

09 Jan, 05:13

🔳 KM3NeT telescope project: It will act as a "neutrino telescope" to study cosmic phenomena like supernovae and gamma-ray bursts that emit neutrinos.

✅Key points about KM3NeT:

◼️Focus on Neutrinos:
🔹The main goal is to study neutrinos from distant astrophysical sources by detecting the very rare interactions they have with water molecules.
◼️Deep Sea Location:
🔹The telescope will be situated in the deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea, allowing for a large volume of water to be monitored for neutrino interactions.
◼️Detector Array:
🔹The system will consist of strings of optical sensors deployed in a 3D network, designed to detect the faint light produced when a neutrino collides with a water molecule.
◼️Scientific Potential:
🔹KM3NeT has the potential to provide new insights into the universe by studying high-energy neutrinos from cosmic sources like supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and colliding stars.

#prelims #currentaffairs #UPSC #PSC #science_and_technology

join—@gurukulias011

440

GurukulIAS

06 Jan, 09:25

https://youtube.com/shorts/qIgcKhCcfy8?si=fhhegBthgfLXoEBp

26

GurukulIAS

06 Jan, 07:55

India has reported its first case of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), with an eight-month-old baby from Bengaluru testing positive for the virus. The family doesn't have any travel history, according to reports. To further investigate, the Karnataka state government has sent a sample to a government lab for more analysis.

This development comes as HMPV, a virus that causes lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in young children and the elderly, has been detected in various countries, including China & Spain.

#hmpv #virus #india #travel #health #china #bengaluru

#health #currentaffairs #prelims

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62

GurukulIAS

06 Jan, 05:25

🔳Here are some facts about the MeerKAT radio telescope:

◼️What it is
🌟The MeerKAT is a collection of 64 radio telescopes that work together as a single instrument to study the universe using radio signals.

◼️What it does
🌟The MeerKAT studies the evolution of the universe by capturing electromagnetic radiation from:
♦️Ultra-hot gas
♦️Electrons
♦️Protons moving close to the speed of light
♦️Dark matter

◼️What it's part of
🌟The MeerKAT is part of South Africa's contribution to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project, which aims to build the world's largest and most sensitive radio telescope.

◼️How it works
🌟The MeerKAT's 64 dishes are each 13.5 meters in diameter and are separated by up to 8 kilometers. The received signals travel to a processor building underground, where they are combined to allow the telescopes to work together.

◼️What it was originally called
🌟The MeerKAT was originally called the Karoo Array Telescope (KAT), which was designed to have 20 receptors. The name was changed to "MeerKAT", which means "more of KAT", when the South African government increased the budget to allow for 64 receptors.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #science_and_technology #currentaffairs

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300

GurukulIAS

06 Jan, 04:17

#BPSC...kash itni active hoti hamari police and administration tou kabhi bhi koi dikkat nahi hoti aam nagrik ko....

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76

GurukulIAS

06 Jan, 04:15

🔳 On the basis of temperature and air pressure, the order of the division of atmospheric layers from the surface upwards is as follows

◼️Troposphere/Transformation - About 15 km from the surface (average height 12 km)

♦️Stratosphere - about 15-50 km.
♦️Mesosphere – about 50-80 km.
♦️Ionosphere – about 80-640 km.
♦️Exosphere - above about 640 km

◼️The sphere above the mesosphere is called the thermosphere. The 'ionosphere' is located in its lower part. So, according to the given question, the descending order of the layers of the atmosphere on the basis of height is as follows - ionosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #geography

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66

GurukulIAS

06 Jan, 04:13

🔳 Prelims Polity Q/A

◼️ Under which article it has been provided that there will be a High Court for every state - Under Article 214

◼️ Who has been given the right to establish a single High Court for two or more states- Parliament

◼️Which article of the constitution declares the High Court as a court of record - Article 215

◼️ In which article is the provision for appointment of judges in the High Court given - Article 217

◼️ Under which Article the restriction on practicing law by retired judges of the High Court has been imposed - Article 220

◼️At present how many High Courts are there in India? - 25

◼️ Who has the right to establish the High Court and make other provisions in relation to it? - Parliament

◼️Under which article Parliament has been given the power to establish a single High Court for two or more states or two or more states and a union territory? - Under Article 231

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #polity

join—@gurukulias011

63

GurukulIAS

06 Jan, 04:08

🔳 Ocean - The deepest places

◼️Pacific Ocean - Mariana Trench

◼️Atlantic Ocean - Puerto Rico Trench

◼️Arctic Ocean - Eurasian Basin

◼️Indian Ocean - Java Trench (Sunda Trench)

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #geography

join—@gurukulias011

52

GurukulIAS

06 Jan, 04:07

🔳 Newspaper - Editor

◼️Hindu - G. Subramaniam Iyer

◼️Reformer - Gopal Krishna Gokhale

◼️Voice of India - Dadabhai Naoroji

◼️Bengali - S. N. Banerjee

◼️Hindustani - Ganga Prasad Verma

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #history

join—@gurukulias011

54

GurukulIAS

06 Jan, 04:06

🔳Kings and related inscriptions

◼️Kumaragupta I - Mandsaur Inscription

◼️Patik – Takshashila Inscription

◼️Chandragupta II – Udayagiri Cave Inscriptions

◼️Samudragupta - Eran inscription

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #history

join—@gurukulias011

49

GurukulIAS

06 Jan, 04:04

🔳 Hot winds and places

◼️Tramontane - Central Europe

◼️Ayala - France

◼️Vargus - South Africa

◼️Sukhovei - Russia and Kazakhstan

◼️Baguio - Philippines

◼️Garich - south-eastern Iran

◼️Heatwave - Northern India

◼️Solano - South-Eastern Spain

◼️Samun - Iran

🌟Note- Nor'wester : It is a warm and dry wind descending from the high mountains in New Zealand.

🌟Shamal: This is a hot and dry wind blowing in Iraq and the Persian Gulf.

🌟Seven annas: A hot and dry dust storm blows from the Santa Ana Valley in Southern California.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #geography

join—@gurukulias011

47

GurukulIAS

06 Jan, 04:01

🔳 Institute, Location & Year of Establishment

• Hindi Sahitya Sammelan – Prayagraj – 1910

• Hindustani Academy - Prayagraj - March 29, 1927

• U.P. Urdu Academy - Lucknow - January, 1972

• Uttar Pradesh Hindi Institute - Lucknow - 30 December, 1976

• Uttar Pradesh Sanskrit Institute - Lucknow - 31 December, 1976

• Uttar Pradesh Language Institute - Lucknow - 24 December, 1994

• U.P. Sindhi Academy - Lucknow - 7 February, 1996

• Uttar Pradesh Punjabi Academy - Lucknow - March 5, 1999

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #UPPSC

join—@gurukulias011

46

GurukulIAS

06 Jan, 03:59

🔳Important rebellions and years

◼️Pabna Rebellion - 1873-85

◼️Eka rebellion - 1922

◼️Tana Bhagat Movement - 1914

◼️Tebhaga Movement - 1946-47

◼️Rampa Rebellion - 1879-80

◼️Jaintia Rebellion - 1860-63

◼️Ahom Rebellion - 1828

◼️Kol Rebellion - 1831-32

◼️Kuka Rebellion - 1840-72

◼️Kuki Rebellion - 1917-19

◼️Koli Rebellion - 1784-85

◼️Chuar Rebellion - 1768 A.D.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #history

join—@gurukulias011

50

GurukulIAS

06 Jan, 03:55

Government advisory regarding HMPV...so please take care of yourself and your family and share it with everyone.

join—@gurukulias011

56

GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 17:42

💫💫 PRELIMS BUSTER 💫💫

✅ In Flight Internet:

▪️Context: Air India, part of the Tata Group, has become the first Indian airline to offer in-flight Internet on domestic flights.

🔹About In-Flight Internet:

What it is: In-flight Wi-Fi provides passengers with Internet connectivity during flights, enabling access to online services like browsing, streaming, and messaging.

▪️How it works:

Technology used: Two primary systems – Air-to-Ground (ATG) and Satellite-Based Connectivity.

ATG: Uses antennae under the aircraft to connect with ground cellular towers. Suitable for regions with dense tower networks.

Satellite-Based: Uses antennae on top of the aircraft to communicate with satellites, ensuring wider coverage, especially over oceans and remote areas.

Signal Transmission:
Devices connect to in-cabin Wi-Fi antennae.
Signals pass through an onboard server.

For satellite systems, signals move from the server to satellites, then to ground stations, and back via the same route.

For ATG systems, signals travel directly between the aircraft and ground cellular towers.

▪️Features and Benefits:

Enhanced Passenger Experience: Browsing, streaming, and connecting with the world mid-air.

Convenience: Integration with existing airline portals for seamless connectivity.

Flexibility: Compatibility with multiple devices.

▪️Limitations of In-Flight Wi-Fi:

Slower Speeds: Typically, slower than ground-based Internet due to technological constraints.

High Costs: Expensive equipment installation and maintenance for airlines, with potential charges for passengers.

Limited Coverage: ATG technology struggles over large water bodies or remote areas.

✅ Project VISTAAR:

▪️Context: IIT Madras has partnered with the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare to launch Project VISTAAR (Virtually Integrated System to Access Agricultural Resources).

🔹About Project VISTAAR:

What it is: A digital platform designed to enhance agricultural extension services, making critical information and start-up innovations accessible to farmers.

Ministry involved: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare in collaboration with IIT Madras.

▪️Objectives:

Digitalise the agricultural extension system to improve efficiency and outreach.

Provide farmers access to start-up-driven innovations and technologies in agriculture and allied sectors.

Enhance adoption of sustainable and climate-resilient farming practices.

▪️Key Features:

Integration of data on over 12,000 Agri-startups through IIT Madras’ startup information platform and it incubate, YNOS Venture Engine.

Advisory services covering crop production, marketing, value addition, and supply chain management.

Easy access to government schemes related to agriculture and rural development.

Delivery of accurate, timely, and contextual information to farmers to improve decision-making.

✅

▪️Context: Kerala Chief Minister’s remarks on Sree Narayana Guru have sparked political controversy in Kerala.

🔹About Sree Narayana Guru:

▪️Born at: Chempazhanthy, near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, on August 22, 1856.

▪️Community: Belonged to the Ezhava caste, a marginalized group subjected to caste-based discrimination.

▪️History and Background:

Known as ‘Avarna,’ he cherished solitude and spent time in meditation from a young age.

His revolutionary act of installing a Shivalinga at Aruvippuram in 1888 symbolized the rejection of caste-based restrictions in temple practices.

▪️Contributions:

SNDP Movement: Founded the Shree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam in 1903 to address issues like education, government service access, and temple entry for Ezhavas.

Philosophy: Coined the famous slogan, “One Caste, One Religion, One God for All” (Oru Jathi, Oru Matham, Oru Daivam, Manushyanu).

Advocated for equality without provoking social unrest or forced conversions.

Opposed animal sacrifices and promoted non-violence.

▪️Literary Work:

Authored devotional hymns and philosophical texts that emphasized universal brotherhood and spiritual enlightenment.

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GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 17:42

Wrote the Atmopadesa Satakam and other works inspiring moral and spiritual values.

✅ Open Data Kit Platform:

▪️Context: The Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) has introduced a revolutionary toolkit using the Open Data Kit (ODK) platform to ensure transparency in public spending and evaluate the effectiveness of government schemes.

🔹About the CAG Toolkit:

What it is: A digital platform based on Open Data Kit (ODK) technology for designing, collecting, and managing audit-related data.

Launched by: Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India.

▪️Objectives:

Enhance transparency in public spending.

Improve accountability in the delivery of government schemes.

Collect real-time beneficiary feedback for informed audit planning.

▪️Key Features:

Integrated with CAG’s own Operating System (OIOS).

End-to-end encryption for secure data management.

Multi-language support for beneficiary surveys.

User-friendly interface for designing and managing data collection processes.

▪️How it works:

Surveys are designed on the ODK platform and deployed to beneficiaries.

Data is collected in real-time, analyzed using the OIOS system, and used as audit evidence.

Beneficiary feedback helps identify problem areas and improve scheme delivery.

▪️Significance:

Enables data-driven decision-making in audits.

Ensures citizen-centric evaluation of government schemes.

Facilitates performance reviews of institutions like AIIMS, improving service delivery.

✅ Injectable Hydrogel:

▪️Context: Researchers from IIT-Guwahati and Bose Institute, Kolkata, have developed an advanced injectable hydrogel for localized cancer treatment.

🔹About the Hydrogel:

What it is: A water-based polymer network designed to release anti-cancer drugs precisely at the tumour site, sparing healthy cells.

Developed by: Researchers from IIT-Guwahati and Bose Institute, Kolkata.

▪️Features:

Localised Drug Delivery: Precisely targets cancer cells without affecting healthy cells.

Responsive Design: Reacts to elevated glutathione (GSH) levels abundant in tumour cells.

Biocompatibility: Mimics living tissues for seamless integration with the biological environment.

Stability: Remains insoluble in biological fluids, ensuring localization at the injection site.

▪️Significance:

Reduces harmful side effects associated with traditional chemotherapy.

Enhances precision in cancer therapy, particularly for breast cancer.

Represents a step forward in personalized and localized cancer treatments.

✅ Ramesh Chand Committee:

▪️Context: The Indian government has formed an 18-member expert panel, led by NITI Aayog member Ramesh Chand, to revise the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) and explore a transition to a Producers’ Price Index (PPI).

🔹About Wholesale Price Index (WPI):

▪️What it is:

WPI measures changes in the prices of goods sold and traded in bulk at the wholesale level.

It is a key indicator of inflationary trends in the economy.

▪️Released by:

The Office of Economic Advisor, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

▪️Aim:

Track supply and demand dynamics in industries.

Provide a measure of wholesale inflation in the economy.

Align with other economic indicators like GDP.

▪️Key Features:

Base Year: Updated to 2011-12 in the current series, under revision to 2022-23.

Number of Items: Tracks prices of 697 items, including 117 primary items, 16 fuel and power items, and 564 manufactured products.

Excludes: Services sector (unlike CPI, which includes both goods and services).

🔹About Producer Price Index (PPI):

What it is: The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the average change in prices received by producers for goods and services, either sold domestically or exported.

🔹Types:

Output PPI: Tracks prices of goods and services as they leave production sites.

Input PPI: Monitors prices of goods and services entering production processes.

Advantages of PPI Over WPI:
Industry-Centric Inflation

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GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 17:42

Measurement: Captures price changes from the perspective of producers, providing an early signal of inflation trends.

Focus on Production Stages: Reflects price shifts before goods and services reach consumers, aiding better policy decisions.

International Alignment: Adheres to the System of National Accounts (SNA), making it more suitable for global economic comparisons.

Broader Scope: Includes services, unlike WPI, which is restricted to goods.

Global Adoption: Has replaced WPI in many countries as a more precise tool for measuring economic activity.

✅ Torrijos-Carter Treaties:

▪️Context: The Panama Canal, a critical global trade route, has become a point of contention after U.S. President-elect Donald Trump criticized the Torrijos-Carter Treaties as “foolish”.

🔹About Torrijos-Carter Treaties:

Nations involved: The treaties were signed between the United States and Panama.

Signed in: September 7, 1977, by U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Panama’s General Omar Torrijos.

🔹Objectives:

Panama Canal Treaty: Transferred control of the canal from the U.S. to Panama by December 31, 1999, ensuring Panamanian sovereignty over the canal.

Permanent Neutrality Treaty: Declared the canal a neutral waterway open to vessels of all nations, with the U.S. retaining the right to defend its neutrality and ensuring priority passage in military emergencies.

▪️Significance:

Symbolized Panama’s regained sovereignty over its territory.

Cemented the canal’s importance as a global trade route while ensuring open access.

Marked a major shift in U.S.-Latin America relations by resolving long-standing tensions over territorial control.

#upsc #psc #prelims #currentaffairs #gk

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41

GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 14:21

https://youtube.com/shorts/1WXU0kuySJU?si=_eJCBguwwCV8_vvL

81

GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 13:53

Bs aisa confidence chahiye life mein😂😂😂🙈

Puri duniye muthi mein💪😜

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97

GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 06:44

Jeetenge aap jaroor agar imandari se padh rahe hain💪💪

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98

GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 06:41

◼️ An 18-member working group has been constituted under the chairmanship of Professor Ramesh Chand to change the base year of WPI from 2011-12 to 2022-23.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #economics

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99

GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 06:34

◼️Punjab PCS Notification

◼️Total Post- 322

◼️Prelims- April

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87

GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 05:22

🔳 SAVITRIBAI PHULE

◼️A Pioneer of Women's Education in India

• Born in Naigaon, Maharashtra, in 1831, Savitribai Phule was married to Jyotirao Phule at the age of nine.

• Alongside her husband, Savitribai established the first school for girls in India at Pune in 1848.

◼️This was a radical step, challenging societal norms and advocating for women's right to education.

◼️Social Reform and Activism

🌟She actively campaigned against social injustices prevalent in 19th-century India, including:
- Caste discrimination
- Child marriage
- Sati

◼️Advocated for:

- Women's Education
- Widow Remarriage
- Raising the Age of Marriage
- Women's Rights

🌟She established the Mahila Seva Mandal, a platform for raising awareness about women's issues and empowering them to fight for their rights.

◼️Literary Contributions

🌟Savitribai was a poet and author. Major works include:
• Kavya Phule
• Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #personalities

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94

GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 04:52

🔳 NASA scientists have made an unprecedented discovery on a planet eight times more massive than Earth

◼️This fascinating exoplanet named K2-18 b is located 120 light-years away in the constellation Leo, orbiting a red dwarf star called K2-18.

◼️The star is much smaller and cooler than our Sun, making it a potentially habitable environment for planets in its orbit.

◼️K2-18 b is a sub-Neptune-class exoplanet, absent in our Solar System, with a size 2.6 times the Earth's radius and a mass 8.6 times that of Earth.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #space

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70

GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 04:51

🏆West Bengal beat Kerala 1-0 in Hockey India League to win Santosh Trophy 2024-25

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #sports

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62

GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 04:50

🔳Magnus Carlsen and Ian Nepomniachtchi share 2024 World Blitz Chess Championship title

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #sports

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60

GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 04:49

🔳 The central government took two big decisions in the interest of farmers. The government decided to continue the special subsidy on Di Ammonium Phosphate (DAP), the most used fertilizer after urea in farming.

◼️ To make DAP available at a cheaper price, the government had to arrange a special subsidy of ₹ 3500 last year, which expired on December 31. Taking a decision in the interest of farmers, the extension of a free special package of ₹ 3850 per tonne on DAP was approved.

◼️Nutrient based subsidy (NVS) scheme is being run by the central government since 2010

◼️ Extension of two crop insurance schemes also got approval - Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana and Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme got approval to continue till 2025-26

◼️ Rs 69515 crore has been arranged for this, and Rs 824 crore has been allocated for technical improvement and innovation in this scheme

◼️This is the country's largest insurance scheme. Farmers from 23 states and union territories are associated with it.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #geography #scheme

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55

GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 04:48

🔳20% of groundwater quality samples across the country fail - Annual report of Central Ground Water Board -

◼️Punjab and Rajasthan have become hotspots of uranium-rich water

◼️ Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Bengal have the highest amount of arsenic in groundwater

◼️High levels of chloride have been found in groundwater in states like Rajasthan and Gujarat

◼️ States with high nitrate levels include Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra

◼️Rajasthan, Haryana, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have the highest fluoride pollution

◼️ High levels of arsenic have been found in some places including the floodplains of the Ganga and Brahmaputra - these include Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam and Manipur along with Punjab and Chhattisgarh.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #geography

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46

GurukulIAS

03 Jan, 04:47

🔳Bengaluru's Chaaya MV won the 'Spell Master of India' title at SBI Life Spell Bee Season 14

◼️ India's most prestigious spelling competition, SBI Life Spell Bee Season 14, an initiative of SBI Life Insurance and Mirchi, concluded with a thrilling Grand Finale in Kolkata.

◼️The national champion of SBI Life Spell Bee Season 14 was awarded the coveted grand prize of INR 1,00,000, along with an all-expenses paid trip to Disneyland, Hong Kong along with their parents.

◼️The theme of this year's competition is ' Be Spellbound'

◼️The event was attended by Indian actress, fashion designer and television presenter, Ms. Mandira Bedi.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #awards

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46

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 17:27

💫💫 PRELIMS BUSTER 💫💫

✅ SpaDeX Mission:

▪️Context: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to conclude 2024 with the PSLV-C60/SpaDeX mission, scheduled for launch on December 30, 2024.

🔹About SpaDeX Mission:

Launch Vehicle: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C60) in its core-alone configuration.

▪️Aim:

Primary:
Demonstrate rendezvous, docking, and undocking of two spacecraft.

Secondary:
Transfer electric power between docked spacecraft for future robotic applications.
Composite spacecraft control and post-docking payload operations.

Features:
Launch of two satellites: SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target), each weighing 220 kg.
Placement in a 470-km circular orbit at a 55-degree inclination.

Progressive docking process: From a 20-km separation (Far Rendezvous) to a 3-meter docking distance.
Demonstration of electrical power transfer between the two spacecraft post-docking.

Significance:
Lays the groundwork for India’s Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS) and future lunar missions.
Essential for advanced missions like Gaganyaan and the construction of an Indian space station.

Paves the way for satellite repair and refueling, reducing mission costs.

Boosts India's capability to participate in global space station projects.

✅ Intangible Cultural Heritage:

▪️Context: The recognition of Bosnia’s Sevdalinka, also known as "Balkan Blues," as part of UNESCO’s National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage highlights global efforts to preserve and celebrate diverse cultural traditions.

🔹About UNESCO’s National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage:

▪️Established in: Adopted in 2003, came into force in 2006 under the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.

▪️Aim: To safeguard cultural practices, expressions, and knowledge systems endangered by globalization, ensuring respect for community heritage.

▪️Criteria:

Must demonstrate the importance of the practice for cultural identity.

Should involve active community participation.

Must align with the principles of human rights and sustainable development.

▪️Types of Lists:

Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding.

Register of Good Safeguarding Practices.

▪️India and UNESCO:

UNESCO Committees Membership: India is a member of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) Committee (2022–2026) and the World Heritage Committee (2021–2025).

Previous Tenures: India served on the ICH Committee from 2006–2010 and 2014–2018.

Nodal Office: The Sangeet Natak Akademi, under the Ministry of Culture, manages intangible cultural heritage matters and prepares nomination dossiers for UNESCO's Representative List.

▪️About Balkan Blues (Sevdalinka):

What it is: A melancholic urban love song blending South Slavic oral poetry and Ottoman music, often referred to as the "Balkan Blues."

Nation: Bosnia.

▪️Features:

Traditionally performed a cappella or with instruments like the saz (lute).

Originates from the 16th century, carrying themes of love and melancholy.

Recognized as a cultural symbol of Bosnia's history and identity.

✅ Siang Upper Multipurpose Project:

▪️Context: Arunachal Pradesh CM stated that the ₹1.13 lakh crore Siang Upper Multipurpose Project aims to generate electricity, maintain year-round river flow, and mitigate flood risks from excess water released by China.

🔹About Upper Siang Multipurpose Project:

▪️What it is: A multipurpose hydroelectric project aimed at flood mitigation, maintaining the Siang River's natural flow, and electricity generation with a capacity of 11,000 MW.

▪️Location: Upper Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, near the Siang River (Brahmaputra).

▪️River: Siang River, a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River.

▪️States Involved: Arunachal Pradesh and Assam (infrastructure development and approach roads).

▪️Key Features:

Reservoir capacity: 9 billion cubic metres (BCM).

Installed capacity: 11,000 MW.
Jointly developed by NHPC and NEEPCO.

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GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 17:27

Designed to mitigate flooding from upstream water releases by China and maintain river flow during lean seasons.

✅ Sanskrit Inscriptions:

▪️Context: A recent discovery of an ancient Sanskrit inscription in Gilgit, Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir was decoded by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

🔹About Sanskrit Inscription:

▪️Location Found:

Gilgit, Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir – Written in Brahmi script, 4th century CE.

Near Peshawar, Pakistan – Written in Sharada script, 10th century CE.

▪️About the Inscription:

Gilgit Inscription:

Mentions "Pushpasingha," who installed a Mahesvaralinga for his guru's merit.
Written in Brahmi script.
Indicates strong religious ties, specifically to Shaivism.

Peshawar Inscription:

Fragmentary, engraved on a slab.
Written in Sharada characters.
Refers to Buddhist Dharini (chants) in line six.

✅ India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement:

▪️Context: The India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (Ind-Aus ECTA) has completed two years, marking a significant milestone in bilateral trade relations and fostering mutual growth.

🔹About India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement:

Established in: Signed in 2022.

Nations: India and Australia.

▪️Features of the Agreement:

Trade Preferences: Provides preferential market access for key goods, including textiles, chemicals, and agriculture products.

Diversification: Promotes trade in new areas such as gold-studded diamonds and turbojets.

Raw Material Imports: Facilitates imports of metalliferous ores, cotton, and wood products for industrial support.

MSMEs Focus: Special emphasis on empowering MSMEs and fostering employment generation.

Bilateral Trade Target: Aims to reach USD 100 billion in trade by 2030.

▪️Recent Trends:

Trade Growth: Bilateral merchandise trade grew from USD 12.2 billion in 2020-21 to USD 26 billion in 2022-23.

Utilization Rates: Export utilization at 79% and import utilization at 84% in 2023.

Moderation: Total trade reached USD 24 billion in 2023-24, with India’s exports growing by 14%.

✅ Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease:

▪️Context: Exercise is a cornerstone in managing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), according to a study led by an Indian-origin researcher.

▪️Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), previously known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), is a chronic liver condition linked to fat accumulation in the liver.

🔹About Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD):

▪️What it is: MASLD is a liver disease caused by excessive fat build-up in the liver, often linked to metabolic dysfunction.

It can progress to inflammation (MASH) and severe complications like liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.

▪️Causes:

Obesity (BMI ≥ 30).

Insulin resistance leading to poor blood sugar management.

Type 2 diabetes.

Dyslipidemia (high cholesterol and lipids).

▪️Symptoms:

Fatigue and weakness.
Right upper abdominal ache.
Swollen belly and yellowing skin (in advanced cases).
Severe cases may lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer.

▪️Diseases Associated:

MASH (inflammation with scarring).
Hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer).
Increased risks of cardiovascular diseases, breast cancer, and colon cancer.
Type 2 diabetes in non-diabetic individuals.

▪️Treatment:

Lifestyle Changes: Weight loss and regular exercise to reduce liver fat and improve insulin sensitivity.

Dietary Adjustments: Avoiding high-fat, high-sugar foods.

Pharmacotherapy: For managing metabolic risk factors like diabetes and cholesterol.

Exercise Protocols: Tailored regimens can benefit all patients, including those with advanced liver disease like cirrhosis.

#upsc #psc #prelims #currentaffairs #ca

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42

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 15:13

#BPSC

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83

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 14:22

◾️MPPCS 2023 Main Exam Result Released.

Is anyone cleared from here?

Congo guys✌️✌️✌️

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101

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 10:20

On the international stage, he helped to broker an historic peace agreement between Egypt and Israel, but he struggled to deal with the Iran hostage crisis and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

After a single term in office, he was swept aside by Republican Ronald Reagan in the 1980 election, winning just six states.

Having left the White House, Carter did much to restore his reputation: becoming a tireless worker for peace, the environment and human rights, for which he was recognised with a Nobel Peace Prize.

In 2002, Carter became the third US president, after Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, to win the Nobel Peace Prize - and the only one to earn it for his post-presidency work.

The longest-lived president in US history, he celebrated his 100th birthday in October 2024.

#currentaffairs #prelims #obituary

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124

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 06:55

Bumrah vs Australia

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125

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 06:55

#BPSC

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117

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 06:54

#BPSC

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100

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 05:45

🔳 China unveils next-generation amphibious assault ship

Name of the warship- ' Sichuan '

Sichuan is a new-generation vessel with a displacement of over 40,000 tons, capable of carrying fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and amphibious aircraft, the agency added. It is also equipped with an electromagnetic system for launching and slowing planes.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #defence

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111

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 05:44

🔳A grand statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji was unveiled on the banks of Pangong Tso lake in Ladakh

◼️This huge symbol of valor, foresight and unwavering justice was inaugurated by officers of the Army's Fire and Fury Corps and Maratha Light Infantry

◼️This statue is installed at a height of 14300 feet above sea level

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs

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87

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 05:41

🔳 Odisha will be the theme state in the International Surajkund Fair

◼️It has been formally announced by the Haryana Tourism Department

◼️ Odisha has been made the theme state for the second time
The Surajkund International Fair is held every year near the Surajkund Lake in the Aravalli valleys.

◼️ The first fair was organized in 1987

◼️ Even before this, Odisha had been the theme state of Surajkund Mela in 1993

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #art_and_culture

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79

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 05:37

🔳 Dr. Jitendra Singh Launches ‘Viksit Panchayat Karmayogi’ Initiative to Empower Grassroots Governance

◼️Emphasized that governance reforms must begin at the grassroots to bring about long-lasting and meaningful change

◼️The initiative, which is part of the broader ‘Prashasan Gaon Ki Aur’ campaign, aims to enhance the capacity and competence of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) by equipping elected representatives and officials with the tools and knowledge required for effective governance and participatory planning.

◼️The Minister Launches Five Pioneering Initiatives to Mark Good Governance Day

🌟The first initiative unveiled by Dr. Jitendra Singh was the launch of a new dashboard on the iGOT Karmayogi platform, along with the milestone introduction of the 1600th e-learning course.
🌟The second was the launch of Viksit Panchayat Karmayogi initiative.
🌟The third initiative, the launch of CPGRAMS Annual Report 2024, provides a comprehensive review of the Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System.
🌟The fourth initiative, the Single Simplified Pension Application Form, revolutionizes pension processing for retiring officials. Combining nine separate forms into one streamlined digital format, the new system ensures end-to-end digitization through the integration of e-HRMS with Bhavishya.
🌟Another significant initiative launched during the event was the Compendium of Pension Related Instructions, 2024, a comprehensive document consolidating all updated rules, procedures, and guidelines related to pensions

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #scheme

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76

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 05:34

🔳Uttar Pradesh CM along with Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated 'Atal Yuva Maha Kumbh' in Lucknow to mark Vajpayee's birth anniversary

#UPPSC #prelims #currentaffairs #art_and_culture

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74

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 05:31

🔳 Honda and Nissan confirm talks on merger to become world's third-largest carmaker by 2026

◼️The new company could become the world's third-largest automaker with annual sales of 8 million.

◼️Honda is Japan's second-largest automaker, and Nissan is that nation's third.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #economics

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66

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 05:25

🌟What is the discovery?
◼️The discovery was made by a team of scientists from the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) and the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR).

🌟Why is this discovery important?
◼️It's a milestone for the mission, which aims to study the ocean's role in climate change, uncover new minerals, and explore unique ecosystems.

🌟What are hydrothermal vents?
◼️Hydrothermal vents are fissures in the seabed that release geothermally heated water. They are often found near areas where tectonic plates move apart, volcanically active places, and ocean basins.

🌟What's the significance of hydrothermal vents?
◼️They are important because they produce minerals like manganese, cobalt, and nickel, which are essential for clean energy solutions and modern technologies. They also support unique life forms that use chemosynthesis to survive without sunlight.

🌟What are the challenges of deep ocean research?
◼️Research in the deep ocean is challenging because of the weather, ocean currents, and the scale of the search. Hydrothermal vents are often small and scattered across thousands of kilometers of ocean.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #science_and_technology

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65

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 05:25

🔳India's Deep Ocean Mission gets major breakthrough with first image of active hydrothermal vent at 4,500 metres

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #science_and_technology

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59

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 05:21

🔳 Rwanda declares end of Marburg outbreak: WHO Africa

◼️MVD, formerly known as Marburg hemorrhagic fever, is a severe and often fatal disease in humans, with an average mortality rate of about 50 percent.

◼️The virus initially spreads to humans from fruit bats and is spread through direct contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals as well as contaminated surfaces and materials.

◼️The disease is named after Marburg, the German city where scientists encountered the first known case of the disease in 1967 while treating monkeys imported from Uganda.

✅About Marburg virus disease (MVD):

🔹A rare but severe viral hemorrhagic fever that can cause serious illness and death. MVD is caused by the Marburg virus (MARV) or Ravn virus (RAVV), and is similar to Ebola disease (EBOD).

🔹Symptoms include high fever, headache, malaise, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

🔹MVD is transmitted through direct contact with an infected person's bodily fluids, or through contact with surfaces contaminated with those fluids.

🔹There are no approved vaccines or antiviral treatments for MVD, but early supportive care can improve survival.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #health #IR

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65

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 05:18

🔳 UAE becomes Africa’s largest investor, overtaking China

◼️The UAE has emerged as Africa’s largest backer of new business projects, with Emirati companies committing $110bn (£88bn) to projects between 2019 and 2023, including $72bn in renewable energy, The Guardian reports citing FT Locations. These pledges outpace investments by the UK, France, and China, as traditional investors scale back.

◼️The UAE’s investment ambitions align with its strategy to diversify from oil and gas. Major players include Dubai’s DP World, operating six African ports, and Abu Dhabi Ports, which has expanded in Guinea, Egypt, and Angola.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #economics #IR

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63

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 05:15

yearly important events in sports

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #sports

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58

GurukulIAS

30 Dec, 05:14

🚢INS Sarvekshak arrived at Port Louis, Mauritius on 26 Dec 24 to conduct joint hydrographic survey

◼️ On arrival, the ship was welcomed by Shri Anurag Shrivastava, High Commissioner of India to Mauritius, Captain CG Binup, Commandant of the Mauritius National Coast Guard and other military and civilian dignitaries.

◼️An initial survey coordination meeting was held with the Hydrographic Survey Unit of Mauritius.

◼️INS Sarvekshak will engage with Mauritian authorities through exchange of technical knowledge, professional interactions and training sessions on hydrography.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #defence

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56

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 17:55

💫💫 PRELIMS BUSTER 💫💫

✅ Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant

▪️Context: The Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant in Bangladesh, a landmark project built with Russian collaboration under Rosatom, has recently faced allegations of irregularities.

🔹About Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant:

▪️Location: Situated in Rooppur, Ishwardi Upazila, Pabna District.

▪️Built by: Constructed by Rosatom, Russia’s state nuclear corporation.

▪️River bank: Located along the Padma River.

🔹Features:

Total capacity: 2.4 GWe.

Comprises two units of VVER-1200 reactors.

Expected to become operational by 2025, making it Bangladesh’s first nuclear power plant.

✅ Free Movement Regime:

▪️Context: Months after suspending the Free Movement Regime (FMR) along the Myanmar border, the Union Home Ministry introduced new protocols to regulate movement within 10 km of the unfenced border.

🔹About Free Movement Regime (FMR):

▪️What it is: FMR allows residents within a specified radius on either side of the India-Myanmar border to move freely without visas for familial, cultural, and economic purposes.

Nations involved: India and Myanmar.

Law governing: Established in 1968.

Regulated under bilateral agreements and administrative protocols between the two nations.

▪️Features:

Territorial Limit: Initially 40 km, reduced to 16 km in 2004, and now proposed at 10 km.

Border Pass System: Residents receive a pass for a maximum stay of seven days in the neighbouring country, monitored by Assam Rifles and state authorities.

Regulated Entry Points: 43 designated entry and exit points, with biometric verification and health checks mandatory.

▪️Indian States Involved (Border Length):

Arunachal Pradesh: 520 km.
Nagaland: 215 km.
Manipur: 398 km.
Mizoram: 510 km.

✅ Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER):

▪️Context: The real effective exchange rate (REER) index of the rupee touched a record 108.14 in November, strengthening by 4.5 per cent during this calendar year, according to the latest RBI data.

🔹About Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER):

▪️What it is: REER is a weighted average of a nation’s currency value against the currencies of its trading partners, adjusted for inflation.

🔹Factors determining REER:

▪️Nominal Exchange Rates:
Bilateral currency values.

▪️Inflation Differentials: Variances in inflation between a country and its trading partners.

▪️Trade Weights: Relative importance of each trading partner in the home country’s trade.

🔹How to calculate REER:

Average bilateral exchange rates are weighted by the trade significance of each partner.

Adjust for inflation to convert the nominal effective exchange rate (NEER) to REER.

🔹Formula:

▪️What REER indicates in the economy:

Increase in REER: Indicates currency overvaluation, making exports costlier and imports cheaper, reducing trade competitiveness.

Decrease in REER: Suggests currency undervaluation, improving export competitiveness and raising import costs.

✅ Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya

▪️Context: Prime Minister paid tribute to educationist and social reformer Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya on his birth anniversary.

🔹About Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya:

Birth: Born on December 25, 1861, in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.

Education: Studied at Muir Central College, Allahabad, graduating in 1884.

Profession: Began as a teacher, later practiced law at Allahabad High Court, and transitioned to politics and social reform.

🔹Contributions in Freedom Movement:

President of INC: Presided over four sessions of the Indian National Congress (1909 – Lahore, 1913 – Delhi, 1919 – Amritsar, and 1932 – Calcutta).

Played a pivotal role in Civil Disobedience and Non-Cooperation Movements led by Mahatma Gandhi.

Coined the slogan ‘Satyamev Jayate’ in the INC session of 1918.

▪️Pen Name:

Wrote under the pen name ‘Makarand’, focusing on nationalist issues.

The pen name ‘Mahamana’ was bestowed by Mahatma Gandhi for his leadership and reformist zeal.

▪️Major Reforms and Advocacy:

Abolition of Indentured Labor: Advocated for ending the exploitative system of Indian labourers in colonies.

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GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 17:55

Free and Compulsory Education: Pushed for primary education reforms in the Imperial Legislative Council (1909–1920).

Religious Tolerance: Championed secularism and opposed the imposition of taxes on religious pilgrimages.

Literature and Media:
Founded newspapers such as The Leader, Abhyudaya, and Maryada.

Chaired the Hindustan Times board (1924–1946), promoting nationalist journalism.

▪️Educational Contributions:

Established Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in 1916 and served as Vice-Chancellor (1919–1938).

▪️Organizations Associated With:

Co-founder of Hindu Mahasabha (1906).
Played a role in founding Scout and Guide in India.

✅ Employees Provident Fund Organisation:

▪️Context: The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) achieved a significant milestone with a net addition of 13.41 lakh members in October 2024.

🔹About Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO):

▪️Established in: 1952 under the Employees’ Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952.

▪️Administering Ministry: Ministry of Labour and Employment.

▪️Aim: To ensure social security for the organized sector workforce through provident fund, pension, and insurance schemes.

▪️Powers and Functions:

Manages three schemes:

Employees’ Provident Fund Scheme (1952): Offers accumulation plus interest on retirement or death, with partial withdrawal options.

Employees’ Pension Scheme (1995): Provides monthly pension for retirement, disability, and survivors.

Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme (1976): Offers life insurance benefits up to ₹6 lakh in case of the employee’s death.

Administers funds and contributions across 122 offices nationwide.

Ensures compliance with the Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) Act and facilitates housing schemes and other benefits.

#upsc #psc #prelims #currentaffairs #gk

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35

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 17:04

Sad to hear....Om Shanti🙏🙏🙏

◼️2 times PM of India, 22nd Union Minister of Finance, 10th Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha.

◼️He was the fourth longest-serving prime minister after Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi.

◼️A member of the Indian National Congress, Singh was the first Sikh prime minister of India.

◼️He was also the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term.

◼️During the 1970s and 1980s, Singh held several key posts in the GoI, such as Chief Economic Advisor (1972–1976), 15th governor of the RBI (1982–1985) and head of the Planning Commission (1985–1987).

◼️Know for LPG Reforms: In 1991, India's FD was close to 8.5 per cent of the gross domestic product, the balance of payments deficit was huge and the CAD was close to 3.5 per cent of India's GDP. India's foreign reserves barely amounted to US$1 billion, enough to pay for 2 weeks of imports.

#obituray #currentaffairs

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303

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 15:12

BPSC 70th mains April मे आयोजित होगा।

You never know students are protesting....which is the right thing...all should come for the support.

#BPSC

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143

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 15:10

My personal opinion on uppcs 2024 exam paper:
1. Paper was too lengthy to be completed in 2 hours.. most of the students weren’t able to complete it or they couldn’t attempt planned number of questions
2. It was moderate to difficult.
3. History, current affairs were difficult than last few years. Random facts were asked. Many questions were meant to be left.
4. Science was easier compared to last year.
5. Conceptual geography and environment questions were there which is a good trend for hard working candidates. Though some of the questions were highly factual.
6. Polity section was very much doable.
7. 65-75 questions were in easier category.
8. Around 15-20 questions were meant to be skipped.
9. Most of the students (whom i know)with good level of preparation are getting above 80+ net correct questions.
10. The most important point: I am not an expert in cutoff prediction. I cant comment on cutoff range. But for sure it will be lesser than last year by a big margin.

131

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 14:50

26th december

तीन साल पहले हमारी सरकार ने वीर साहिबजादों के बलिदान की अमर स्मृति में वीर बाल दिवस मनाने की शुरुआत की थी। अब ये दिन करोड़ों देशवासियों के लिए, पूरे देश के लिए राष्ट्रीय प्रेरणा का पर्व बन गया है। इस दिन ने भारत के कितने ही बच्चों और युवाओं को अदम्य साहस से भरने का काम किया है!

#days #currentaffairs

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126

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 14:48

For Objection, this is the format: UPPSC

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107

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 14:37

#BPSC

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93

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 12:01

UPPCS 2024 Official Answer Key Released [GS-02] CSAT

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119

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 11:55

UPPSC Prelims 2024 official key.

Some of the solutions are incorrect do file an objection.

Objections on the answer key can be sent till 5 pm on December 31.

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120

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 11:49

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=2088047&reg=3&lang=1

108

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 10:12

https://youtube.com/shorts/iZvqWPpoIU0?si=VlzUkUz9u5wrwKIf

109

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 04:44

🔳Chinese company tested supersonic aircraft, which can reach New York from Delhi in just two and a quarter hours

◼️ The aircraft was named " Jin Dao 400 "

◼️ This aircraft flew at a speed of 3045 miles per hour, four times the speed of sound, at an altitude of more than 65600 feet

◼️This speed is three times more than NASA's Son of Concorde and twice more than the retired Concorde aircraft

◼️ The company aims to have the aircraft ready for its first flight by 2027

#currentaffairs #UPSC #PSC #prelims #science_and_technology

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125

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 04:40

✅ The first visit of an Indian Prime Minister to Kuwait in 43 years

◼️The Prime Minister also met Abdullah Beren and Abdul Latif Elinsaf, who translated and published the Mahabharata and Ramayana in Arabic.

◼️PM addressed the Indian diaspora in ' Hala Modi ' program.

◼️ Also met 101-year-old former IFS Mangal Sen Handa.

#currentaffairs #UPSC #PSC #prelims #IR

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92

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 04:29

🔳India will deploy Vajra on the China border

◼️Government approved a contract with L&T for the purchase of 100 K9 Vajra guns

◼️These guns will be manufactured indigenously at a cost of Rs 7600 crore.

◼️The K9 Thunder platform is made of all-welded steel armour protection material.

◼️The K9 gun has been developed under the ‘Buy Global’ programme of the Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) where foreign companies are allowed to participate.

#currentaffairs #UPSC #PSC #prelims #defence

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69

GurukulIAS

26 Dec, 04:25

🌳India Forest Status Report -2023

◼️ Union Environment and Forest Minister Bhupendra Yadav released it in Dehradun.

◼️This is the 18th report of India's forest status which is released every two years since 1987.

◼️There was an increase of 1445 square kilometres in forest and tree cover in the country between the years 2021 to 23,

◼️The total forest and tree cover in the country is estimated to be 827357 square kilometres, which is 25.17 percent of the total geographical area.

◼️ Forest and tree cover increased the most in Chhattisgarh by 683.62 square kilometres, while in Madhya Pradesh it decreased by 61241 square kilometres

🌟 Top five states whose forest and tree cover has increased -
🔹Chhattisgarh
🔹Uttar Pradesh
🔹Odisha
🔹Rajasthan
🔹Jharkhand

◼️ Eight states and union territories have more than 75% forest cover.

◼️The carbon stock of the country's forests has decreased from 81.5 million tonnes to 728.5 million tonnes.

◼️Forest and tree cover has decreased in 16 out of 36 states and union territories of the country.

#currentaffairs #UPSC #PSC #prelims #environment

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61

GurukulIAS

05 Dec, 08:22

Please keep sharing the channel as well so that we have the motivation to keep working like this.

https://t.me/gurukulias011

You can join our YT channel where the questions we post here we will try to make a fortnight Video or a monthly compilation.
The Link is Below

https://youtube.com/@gurukulias011?si=T8YCjujB1uo68Tg1

Thank you.

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32

GurukulIAS

05 Dec, 03:41

CSE 1947 Question Paper

PYQ Laga lo exam ke liye important hai🙈😁🙃

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79

GurukulIAS

05 Dec, 03:30

🏆Philippines nurse Maria Victoria Juan wins the prestigious Astor Guardians Global Nursing Award 2024 worth Rs 2 crore.

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #awards

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66

GurukulIAS

05 Dec, 03:28

◼️Arjuna Award winner and six national title winner legendary squash player Raj Manchanda passes away.

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #sports

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49

GurukulIAS

05 Dec, 03:27

◼️India will host the first-ever Women's T20 World Cup for the Blind in 2025.

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #sports

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49

GurukulIAS

05 Dec, 03:25

🛶Asia's first water transport service 'Uber Shikara' launched on Dal Lake.

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs

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47

GurukulIAS

05 Dec, 03:23

◼️South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol's cabinet has reversed the order of martial law in the country.

◼️The last time a South Korean president declared martial law was in 1980 when a nationwide uprising led by students and labour unions took place.

◼️South Korean President Yoon faces impeachment as thousands protest his martial law order.

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #IR

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42

GurukulIAS

05 Dec, 03:21

◼️Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah became the first woman president of Namibia.

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #appointments

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35

GurukulIAS

05 Dec, 03:19

◼️Darjeeling Zoo has become the only zoo in India to house a white Royal Bengal Tiger and a Siberian tiger.

◼️It is also the only one in India to house three varieties of tigers.

◼️White tigers are a rare variety of Royal Bengal tigers because of their unique pigmentation.

◼️Darjeeling Zoo currently has two Siberian tigers, one Royal Bengal tiger and two white tigers. The Siberian tigers arrived from Pafos Zoo in Cyprus in December last year.

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #environment

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42

GurukulIAS

29 Nov, 16:00

Leadership: Headed by the Chief Commissioner of Railway Safety, with headquarters in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

Independence: Structured to avoid conflicts of interest within the railway establishment.

🔹New Pamban Bridge:

Unique Feature: India’s first vertical-lift railway sea bridge with a span that moves vertically for navigational clearance.

Location:
Connects Rameswaram Island to Mandapam on Tamil Nadu’s mainland.

Specifications:
Total Length: 2.078 km with 99 spans.

Technology: Features electromechanical control interlocked with the train control system for vertical lifting.

Design Innovations: Designed for double railway lines and future electrification, replacing the old Pamban Bridge built in 1914.

✅ Bal Vivah Mukt Bharat Campaign:

▪️Context: The Union Minister for Women and Child Development recently launched the “Bal Vivah Mukt Bharat Campaign”, a national initiative aimed at eradicating child marriage in India by engaging multiple stakeholders and leveraging technology.

▪️The campaign focuses on reducing child marriage rates to below 5% by 2029.

🔹About Bal Vivah Mukt Bharat Campaign:

Objective: To eliminate child marriage through collective efforts and focus on high-burden states and districts.

Target States: West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Tripura, Assam, and Andhra Pradesh, along with nearly 300 high-burden districts.

🔹Child Marriage Free Bharat

Portal: A platform to raise awareness, report cases, and monitor progress with real-time tracking by Child Marriage Prohibition Officers (CMPOs).

Monitoring Mechanism: Central nodal officers and state-level CMPOs will ensure accountability and support for affected individuals.

Goal: Reduce child marriage rates to below 5% by 2029; rates have already dropped from 47.4% (2006) to 23.3% (2019-21).

Awareness Drive: Public access to information and complaint registration via the portal.

✅ Animal Quarantine and Certification Services (AQCS) certification:

▪️Context: Cochin International Airport Ltd (CIAL) recently facilitated its first successful import of a pet under the Animal Quarantine and Certification Services (AQCS) certification.

🔹About Animal Quarantine and Certification Services:

Established: Initiated during the Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-70) under a central sector scheme by the Government of India.

AQCS certification under central animal husbandry department.

▪️Objectives of AQCS:

Disease Prevention: Prevent the entry of exotic livestock diseases into India via imports, as per the Livestock Importation Act.

Defense Against Veterinary Diseases: Implement policies on import regulation, restriction, and prohibition of livestock, products, and microorganisms.

Export Certification: Provide internationally accepted certifications to boost exports and increase national income.

Inspection and Registration: Inspect and register plants/mills exporting animal by-products to meet international standards.

▪️Primary Functions:

Implementation of the Livestock Importation Act.

Detention, testing, and observation of imported/exported livestock and products.

Destruction of infected imports posing health threats.

Certification for livestock exports to meet international standards.

#upsc #psc #prelims #currentaffairs #gk

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43

GurukulIAS

29 Nov, 16:00

💫💫 PRELIMS BUSTER 💫💫

✅ Eklavya online learning platform:

▪️Context: General Upendra Dwivedi, the Chief of the Army Staff (COAS), launched the Eklavya online learning platform for the Indian Army.

▪️This initiative aligns with the Army’s vision of a “Decade of Transformation” and the 2024 theme, “Year of Technology Absorption.”

🔹About Eklavya Platform:

▪️Developed by: Bhaskaracharya National Institute of Space Applications and Geoinformatics (BISAG-N), with support from the Directorate General of Information Systems.

▪️Launched in: 2024 by the Chief of the Army Staff, General Upendra Dwivedi.

▪️Aim: To facilitate continuous professional military education, decongest physical courses, and encourage domain specialization.

▪️Features:

Hosted on the Army Data Network with scalable architecture.

Includes a “Knowledge Highway” for accessing journals, research papers, and articles.

Registration delinked from physical nominations; accessible throughout an officer’s career.

Focuses on contemporary content and emerging concepts aligned with modern warfare.

✅ Baltic Sea:

▪️Context: The cutting of undersea cables in the Baltic Sea has escalated geopolitical tensions, particularly in the context of the ongoing Ukraine war.

🔹About Baltic Sea:

▪️Location: Part of the North Atlantic Ocean, situated in Northern Europe, separating the Scandinavian Peninsula from continental Europe.

▪️Surrounding Countries: Denmark, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Russia, Finland, and Sweden.

▪️Connections: Links to the Atlantic Ocean through the Danish Straits, facilitating global trade and connectivity.

▪️Depth and Area: Average depth is 55 meters; deepest point is 459 meters.

▪️Gulfs: Contains the Gulf of Bothnia (north), Gulf of Finland (east), and Gulf of Riga (south).

▪️Rivers: Over 250 rivers drain into it, with the Neva River being the largest contributor.

▪️Islands: Hosts over 20 islands and archipelagos, with Gotland (off Sweden’s coast) as the largest.

✅ ISKCON:

▪️Context: The Dhaka High Court declined a suo motu order to ban ISKCON in Bangladesh, citing government action already taken.

▪️About ISKCON:

Full form: International Society for Krishna Consciousness
.
Founder:C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada.

Founded In: New York City, USA.

Aim: To promote Krishna Consciousness and devotional service to Krishna as the Supreme Godhead.

▪️Features:

Largest branch of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, rooted in 16th-century India.

Emphasizes chanting the Hare Krishna Mahamantra.

Engages in public bhakti practices like Sankirtan, yoga seminars, and festivals.

Runs social initiatives, including free food distribution, schools, eco-villages, and hospitals.

✅ SAREX-24:

▪️Context: The 11th edition of the Indian Coast Guard’s National Maritime Search and Rescue Exercise (SAREX-24) is being held in Kochi, Kerala.

🔹About SAREX-24:

Location: Kochi, Kerala.
Theme: “Enhancing Search and Rescue Capabilities through Regional Collaboration.”

Activities:
Sea exercise involving contingencies with participation from Coast Guard, Navy, Air Force, Cochin Port Authority, and Customs.

Objectives:
Evaluate operational efficiency and coordination.
Strengthen collaborative efforts among regional and international maritime agencies.

Significance: Largest-ever simulations, enhancing cooperative engagement with littoral states and friendly nations.

✅ Commissioner of Railway Safety:

▪️Context: India’s first vertical-lift Pamban Bridge aims to boost connectivity between Rameswaram and Tamil Nadu.

However, safety concerns and planning lapses raised by the CRS have drawn scrutiny.

🔹About Commissioner of Railway Safety (CRS):

Role: Ensures the safety of rail travel and operations as outlined in the Railways Act, 1989.

Responsibilities: Investigates train accidents and makes safety recommendations to the government.

Reporting Structure: Under the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) to remain insulated from the Railway Ministry’s influence.

37

GurukulIAS

29 Nov, 04:21

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #defence

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83

GurukulIAS

29 Nov, 04:18

📍 Explanation:

✍️Beyond the Higgs Boson is a book about the life of Dr. Ashutosh Kotwal, a world-renowned particle physicist, and his work on the Higgs boson:

◼️Author: Manik Kotwal, Dr. Ashutosh Kotwal's mother.
◼️Translator: Jerry Pinto
◼️Original language: Marathi, where it was published as Putra Vhava Aisa
◼️Content: Details Dr. Kotwal's life from childhood to the present day, and describes the search for the Higgs boson

✍️Dr. Kotwal is a key figure in the discovery of the Higgs boson, and his research on the W boson helped predict its mass. He was a co-recipient of the 2013 High Energy and Particle Physics Prize from the European Physical Society.

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #books_and_authors

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82

GurukulIAS

29 Nov, 04:03

📍 Explanation:

✍️The world's oldest known alphabet was discovered in a tomb in Umm el-Marra, Syria, on a series of clay cylinders that are 4,400 years old:
✍️Location: The tomb was discovered in 2004 in the Aleppo province of Syria.
✍️Discovery: Archaeologist Glenn Schwartz of Johns Hopkins University led the discovery after a 16-year dig at the Early Bronze Age site.
✍️Description: The cylinders are finger-sized and contain eight distinct symbols. The symbols are not in a known language, but Schwartz suggests they represent sounds that correspond to a, i, k, l, n, s, and y.
✍️Significance: The discovery is expected to provide historians with insight into the ancient world. The strategic location of Umm el-Marra at the junction of two trade routes may have contributed to early experiments with written communication.

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs

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45

GurukulIAS

29 Nov, 03:53

◼️The Indian Chemical Council (ICC) was awarded the 2024 OPCW The Hague Prize at a ceremony held during the 29th session of the Conference of States (CSP) of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)

◼️This is the first time that the efforts of a chemical industry body have been recognised by this award.

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #awards

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39

GurukulIAS

29 Nov, 03:48

◼️ Case diary will be available online in the High Court, Madhya Pradesh became the first state to do so

◼️ Madhya Pradesh is the first state in the country to create a bail application management system.

◼️ It started as an experiment in five districts.

◼️ Before this, Madhya Pradesh was also the first state to implement e-summons.

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #polity

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43

GurukulIAS

29 Nov, 03:46

4th time Jharkhand CM

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #appointments

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38

GurukulIAS

29 Nov, 03:45

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #appointments

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36

GurukulIAS

29 Nov, 03:45

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #polity #mains

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45

GurukulIAS

29 Nov, 03:27

#prelims #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #polity #mains

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40

GurukulIAS

18 Nov, 02:42

Scheme for empowering locals

33

GurukulIAS

18 Nov, 02:38

Good Morning guys 😊

26

GurukulIAS

17 Nov, 17:10

💫💫 PRELIMS BUSTER 💫💫

✅ ‘PPP plus PPP’ Model:

▪️ Context: On World Diabetes Day, Union Minister for Science and Technology Jitendra Singh introduced the innovative ‘PPP plus PPP’ model, aimed at addressing India’s diabetes epidemic through collaborative efforts between domestic and international stakeholders.

🔹About ‘PPP plus PPP’ model:

▪️Definition: A dual-layered collaboration model combining Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) within India with international PPP collaborations.

▪️Objective: To enhance healthcare infrastructure, promote innovation, and make diabetes care accessible and affordable.

▪️Domestic Partnerships: Strengthens India’s healthcare system by uniting public and private sectors to develop cost-effective and scalable solutions.

▪️International Collaborations: Engages global expertise to bring advanced technologies and AI-driven solutions for diabetes monitoring and management.

▪️Focus Areas: Develop affordable non-invasive devices, increase awareness, ensure treatment adherence, and close healthcare accessibility gaps.

✅ ‘Know Your Medicine’ (KYM) App:

▪️Context: Union Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports, Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, launched the ‘Know Your Medicine’ (KYM) app developed by NADA India to combat doping in sports.

🔹About Know Your Medicine (KYM) App:

▪️Developer: National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA), India.

▪️Purpose: To prevent inadvertent doping by allowing athletes to check if a medicine contains substances prohibited by WADA.

▪️Key Features:

Verifies medicine or ingredients for prohibited substances.

Includes image and audio search for ease of access.

Customizable search options based on sport categories for specific information.

▪️Impact: Supports clean sports by fostering a fair and ethical sporting culture.

▪️Target Users: Athletes, coaches, and sports professionals.

✅ Operation Dronagiri:

▪️Context: The Operation Dronagiri, launched under the National Geospatial Policy 2022 by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), aims to integrate geospatial technologies into key sectors like agriculture, livelihoods, and logistics.

🔹About Operation Dronagiri:

▪️Launched by: Department of Science and Technology (DST).

Date: November 13, 2024.

Objective: Demonstrate the applications of geospatial technologies to improve citizens’ quality of life and ease of doing business.

First Phase States: Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra.

Focus Sectors: Agriculture, livelihoods, logistics, and transport.

Implementation Model: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) with involvement of startups, private companies, and government agencies.

▪️Key Features:

Pilot projects in designated sectors to showcase practical use cases.

Support from Integrated Geospatial Data Sharing Interface (GDI) for seamless data sharing and decision-making.

▪️Operational Partners:

Oversight: IIT Tirupati Navavishkar I-Hub Foundation (IITTNiF).

Geospatial Innovation Accelerators (GIAs): IIT Kanpur, IIT Bombay, IIM Calcutta, and IIT Ropar.

Implementation Driver: Geospatial Innovation Cell, DST.

✅ e-Tarang System:

▪️Context: The e-Tarang System, an AI-enabled software developed collaboratively by the Integrated Defence Staff and BISAG-N, was launched during the annual meeting of the Joint Electromagnetic Board (JEMB).

🔹About e-Tarang System:

Developer: Integrated Defence Staff and BISAG-N.

Launch Event: Unveiled during the Joint Electromagnetic Board (JEMB) meeting, chaired by Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Operations) Air Marshal Jeetendra Mishra.

▪️Features:

AI-enabled system for automated and efficient defence spectrum planning and management.

Integrates various defence communication systems for improved operational synergy.

Enables interference-free operation of defence equipment during wartime and peacetime.

Supports the development of advanced technologies in higher frequency bands.

▪️Objective: Enhance joint electronic warfare operations and modernize India’s spectrum warfare capabilities.

▪️Significance:

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GurukulIAS

17 Nov, 17:10

Part of broader initiatives to modernize military infrastructure.

Improves interoperability among the Army, Navy, and Air Force.

Boosts efficiency and coordination in electromagnetic spectrum management.

✅ Sami, Forest Finns, and Kvens Tribes:

▪️Context: The Norwegian Parliament issued a formal apology to the Sami, Forest Finns, and Kvens for the historical injustices caused by its “Norwegianisation” policy.

▪️This forced assimilation, practiced from the 18th century until the 1980s, led to cultural erasure, loss of languages, and forced relocations.

🔹About Tribes in News:

▪️Sami People:
Indigenous to Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia.
Traditionally reindeer herders and fishers.
Suffered loss of language, culture, and land under assimilation policies.
Advocacy for their land and rights continues today.

▪️Kvens:
Ethnic minority of Finnish descent in northern Norway.
Historically subjected to forced assimilation and loss of language.
Continue to seek reparations and cultural revival.

▪️Forest Finns:
Minority group originally from Finland who settled in Norway and Sweden.
Practiced slash-and-burn agriculture, later marginalized by assimilation policies.
Struggle to preserve their cultural identity and heritage.

#upsc #psc #prelims #currentaffairs #gk

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85

GurukulIAS

16 Nov, 06:33

https://youtube.com/shorts/yiIj2MeetQw?si=jP_khUnRW25Dkp_x

153

GurukulIAS

16 Nov, 05:05

Top three producing states of major crops year 2023-24

🟢 Rice - Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal

🟠 Wheat - Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab

🔴 Maize - Karnataka, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh

⚪️ Coarse grains Rajasthan, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh

🟢 Arhar ( Tur ) - Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh

🔵 Pulses - Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan

🟣 Chickpea - Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan

🔴 Food grains - Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab

⚪️ Peanuts - Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh

🔵 Rapeseed - and mustard Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh

🟢 Soybean - Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan

🟣 Sunflower – Karnataka, Haryana, Odisha

🔴 Oilseeds- Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat

🟡 Sugarcane – Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka

🟠 Cotton Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana

⚫️ Jute and Mesta West Bengal, Bihar, Assam

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #Agriculture

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168

GurukulIAS

16 Nov, 05:04

Good morning friends have a great day ahead 😊😊😊

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154

GurukulIAS

15 Nov, 09:12

UPPSC prelims on 22nd December in one shift.

A great victory by you all, kudos 🤘🤞👍👌🙏

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202

GurukulIAS

15 Nov, 03:48

Hello Guys

I won't be able to put study related matter for 3-4 days because my sister's marriage is on 16th November and at the same time my father and sister met with an accident so there are so many things on my plate to work on.

I have a responsibility towards this group as well towards my family. This time my family needs me.

I hope you all will understand and stick around this group as a loyal students.
There are so many things which you can read by tagging revision.
Those who will leave are never my true loyal students since they left gurukulIAS at the time of adversity.

Still whenever time allows I will put something study related for you all but in the mean time I hope you all will understand the conundrum I am going though.

I also want to say I am with you all in this protest.🙏

Regards
Wic.

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GurukulIAS

14 Nov, 16:17

💫💫 PRELIMS BUSTER 💫💫

✅ Satyendra Nath Bose:

▪️Context: India celebrates the centenary of Bose-Einstein Statistics, a groundbreaking contribution by physicist Satyendra Nath Bose, which revolutionized quantum mechanics and paved the way for significant advancements in physics and technology.

🔹About Satyendra Nath Bose:

▪️Background:

Born: January 1, 1894, in Calcutta, India.

Inspired by teachers like Jagadish Chandra Bose and Prafulla Chandra Roy.

Career: Began as a physics lecturer at Calcutta University (1916), later joined Dhaka University (1921).

Known for his groundbreaking work in quantum mechanics and statistical physics.

🔹His Work:

Planck’s Law and Photon Gas:
Derived Planck’s law using a novel statistical method treating light as a photon gas.

Developed new techniques for counting photon states, forming the basis of Bose-Einstein statistics.

Collaboration with Einstein:
Sent his paper on radiation to Albert Einstein, who translated it into German and published it.
Einstein extended Bose’s work to atoms, leading to the theory of Bose-Einstein condensates and the ideal quantum gas.

🔹Bosons:

Bose-Einstein statistics apply to particles with integer spins, named bosons (by Paul Dirac) in his honor.

Bosons do not obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle.

▪️Bose-Einstein Condensates (BECs):

Predicted a new state of matter where bosons condense into the lowest quantum state at near absolute zero temperatures.

Experimentally confirmed in 1995 using rubidium and sodium atoms, earning a Nobel Prize for Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman, and Wolfgang Ketterle in 2001.

▪️Awards and Recognition:

Despite his pivotal contributions, Bose was never awarded a Nobel Prize.

Worked with notable scientists, including Marie Curie and Albert Einstein, during his two-year tenure in European laboratories.

🔹Significance:

▪️Foundational Work:

Bose-Einstein statistics and condensates are foundational in modern quantum mechanics and statistical physics.

Technological Impact: Integral to the understanding of lasers, superconductivity, and quantum mechanics.

Future Implications: BECs hold potential for unraveling mysteries like dark energy and advancing research in quantum computing.

✅ Fingerling:

▪️Context: As part of the artificial reef project under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), the State Fisheries Department in Kerala launched a sea ranching initiative by releasing 20,000 pompano fingerlings off the Vizhinjam coast.

🔹About Fingerlings:

▪️Scientific name:

Pompano: Trachinotus blochii

Cobia: Rachycentron canadum

Ministry involved:
Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Dairying in collaboration with the National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB).

Scheme:
Implemented under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY).

Budget:
₹3 crore allocated for the current phase in Thiruvananthapuram.

Proposed extensions: ₹29.76 crore for Kollam, Alappuzha, Ernakulam, and Thrissur districts; ₹25.82 crore for northern districts.

Aim:
Replenish marine fishery resources.
Promote sustainable fishing practices by enhancing biodiversity.

Features of Fingerlings:
Pompano and cobia fingerlings stocked and reared at Ayiramthengu fish farm.
Fingerlings weigh between 8 to 10 grams.
10 lakh fingerlings planned for release across 10 artificial reef locations off the Thiruvananthapuram coast.

🔹About Mission Fingerling:

Launch year: 2017

Ministry: Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare

Aim:
Achieve the Blue Revolution by promoting the holistic development and management of fisheries.
Increase fisheries production from 10.79 MMT (2014-15) to 15 MMT by 2020-21.

✅ Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund:

▪️Context: The Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund (JNMF) plans to launch the Nehru Archive on November 14, 2025, to digitally showcase the extensive works, speeches, and letters of India’s first Prime Minister.

🔹About Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund:

▪️Establishment:

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GurukulIAS

14 Nov, 16:17

Founded in 1964 under a Deed of Declaration of Trust, following the convening of a National Committee chaired by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, then President of India.

▪️Purpose:

Preserve and promote the legacy of Jawaharlal Nehru, focusing on his role in the making of modern India.

▪️Governance:

Governed by 14 trustees, currently headed by Chairperson of the Congress Parliamentary Party.

▪️Archive features:

Contains 100 volumes of Nehru’s selected works, letters to Chief Ministers (1947-1964), books authored by Nehru, and global archival materials.

Includes his iconic works like The Discovery of India, Letters from a Father to His Daughter, and Glimpses of World History.

▪️Significance:

Aims to be the primary source for Nehru-related research, continually updated with new archival material.

✅ Operation Kawach:

▪️Context: Delhi Police initiated Operation Kawach, a targeted crackdown against gangs, drug traffickers, and organized crime in response to rising criminal activities, including shootings in the city.

🔹About Operation Kawach:

▪️Aim: To combat gang-related violence, drug trafficking, and illegal activities such as possession of firearms, liquor, and banned substances.

▪️Agency involved: Delhi Police, including local units, Special Cell, and Crime Branch.

▪️Geographical area: Multiple districts across Delhi, including Outer North, Dwarka, Southeast, Southwest, and North districts.

▪️Significance:
Strengthens law enforcement against organized crime.
Enhances public safety by dismantling networks linked to prominent gangs like Lawrence Bishnoi, Neeraj Bawana, and others. Prevents illegal trade of firearms, liquor, and narcotics.

✅ South Asian Telecommunication Regulators’ Council:

▪️Context: The 25th South Asian Telecommunication Regulators’ Council (SATRC-25) meeting was hosted by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) in New Delhi from November 11 to 13, 2024.

🔹About South Asian Telecommunication Regulators’ Council:

▪️Formation: Established in 1997 by the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT) in collaboration with the ITU Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

▪️Member Countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

▪️Governance: Composed of Heads of regulatory bodies of member countries; affiliate members also actively participate.

▪️2024 Theme: “Accelerating Telecommunication and ICT Development for Growth and Inclusiveness”

▪️Core Functions:

Discuss and coordinate telecommunication and ICT regulations of mutual interest.

Address issues like radio frequency coordination, standards, regulatory trends, and telecommunication strategies.

Promote potential areas of cooperation among member countries.

Facilitate knowledge exchange through seminars, training, and workshops.

#upsc #psc #prelims #currentaffairs #gk

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236

GurukulIAS

14 Nov, 06:41

माननीय मुख्यमंत्री जी आज लोकसेवा आयोग पर हमारी बहनों के साथ जो हुआ वो कहां तक सही था????

कृपया संज्ञान लीजिए।🙏

410

GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 17:05

💫💫 PRELIMS BUSTER 💫💫

✅ One Rank One Pension:

▪️Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi commemorated a decade of the One Rank One Pension (OROP) scheme, highlighting it as a tribute to the dedication and sacrifices of India’s veterans and ex-service personnel.

🔹About One Rank One Pension (OROP) Scheme:

▪️Definition: OROP ensures that uniform pensions are paid to personnel retiring in the same rank with identical service lengths, regardless of when they retired.

▪️Implementation year: The government approved OROP in 2015, with benefits retroactively effective from July 1, 2014.

▪️Pension Re-fixation: Pensions are re-fixed based on the average of the minimum and maximum pensions of 2013 retirees of the same rank and service length.

▪️Arrears: Arrears are paid in four half-yearly instalments, except for family pensioners and Gallantry awardees, who receive it in one instalment.

▪️Future revisions: Pensions will be re-fixed every five years.

▪️Nodal agency: Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare, Ministry of Defence.

▪️Payment: Integrated within the standard pension, not a separate component.

▪️Exclusions: Personnel discharged voluntarily under specific military rules post-OROP implementation are not eligible.

✅ Urad And Tur Imports:

▪️Context: The Indian government reported a significant increase in Urad imports from Brazil, reaching over 22,000 metric tonnes.

▪️The Ministry of Consumer Affairs highlighted Brazil’s potential as a major supplier of Urad and Tur for India, benefiting from different cropping seasons that align with India’s crop demands.

🔹About Urad:

▪️Scientific name: Vigna mungo, commonly known as black gram.

▪️Origins: Native to South Asia; widely cultivated and highly valued in India.

▪️Culinary use: Essential in Indian cuisine, often used as a dal and paired with rice or curry.

▪️Season: Grown in both Kharif and Rabi seasons in India.

▪️Global cultivation: Also grown in tropical regions like the Caribbean, Fiji, Myanmar, and Africa, introduced by Indian immigrants.

🔹About Tur:

▪️Scientific name: Cajanus cajan, known as toor dal or pigeon pea.

▪️Origins: Indigenous to the Eastern Hemisphere; cultivated widely in tropical and semi-tropical regions.

▪️Culinary use: Commonly consumed as a staple in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa.

▪️Global spread: Cultivated in Latin America and the Caribbean, widely used in regional dishes.

✅ Processing-In-Memory (PIM) Technology:

▪️Context: Israeli researchers have created software that allows data processing directly in memory, bypassing the CPU.

▪️This advancement, developed at the Israel Institute of Technology, aims to address the energy-intensive and time-consuming data transfers between memory and CPU, which are bottlenecks in modern computing.

▪️By reducing the CPU’s workload, this in-memory approach promises substantial time and energy savings.

▪️About Python Programming Language with Digital Processing-In-Memory (PIM) Technology:

What it is: Combines Python with processing-in-memory (PIM) technology, enabling computations to take place directly in memory, bypassing the CPU.

Need: Tackles the “memory wall” problem, where data transfer rates fall behind advancements in processor speeds and memory capacity.

▪️How it works:

PyPIM platform introduces new instructions for in-memory operations.

Allows developers to use Python to create software for PIM systems.

Includes a simulation tool to estimate performance gains from in-memory processing.

▪️Significance:

Reduces data transfer bottlenecks.

Accelerates processing for mathematical and algorithmic tasks.

Saves energy, making it efficient for high-performance computing needs.

✅ Gujarat and Semiconductor:

▪️Context: Aligning with the vision for a developed India by 2047, the Gujarat government has introduced the Gujarat Semiconductor Policy 2022-2027 to position Gujarat as a leader in semiconductor manufacturing.

▪️More about news:

The Gujarat government has introduced India’s first ‘Gujarat Semiconductor Policy 2022-2027.

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GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 17:05

In Dholera’s emerging ‘Semicon City,’ Tata Electronics Private Limited (TEPL) and Taiwan’s Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) are establishing India’s first AI-enabled semiconductor fabrication facility with an investment exceeding Rs 91,000 crore.

Dholera, is being developed as India’s first Greenfield Smart City.

▪️About India Semiconductor Mission (ISM):

Launch: Initiated in 2021 under the Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) with a budget of Rs. 76,000 crores.

Objective: Develop a robust semiconductor and display manufacturing ecosystem in India.

Financial support: Provides incentives for companies investing in semiconductor and display manufacturing, and design capabilities.

Focus on IP and Technology Transfer: Encourages the creation of indigenous Intellectual Property (IP) and supports the Transfer of Technologies (ToT).

▪️Key schemes:

Semiconductor fabs: Scheme to establish semiconductor fabrication units in India.

Display fabs: Scheme to support display manufacturing facilities.

Compound semiconductors & ATMP: Scheme for setting up facilities for compound semiconductors, silicon photonics, and ATMP/OSAT units.

Design linked incentive (DLI): Incentives to boost the design ecosystem in semiconductors.

✅ Shanan Hydropower Project:

▪️Context: The Himachal Pradesh government has intensified efforts to reclaim the 110 MW British-era Shanan Hydropower Project from Punjab, asserting its rightful ownership over the project.

🔹About Shanan Hydropower Project:

Established: Commissioned in 1932, it is India’s first megawatt-capacity hydroelectric project.

Location: Joginder Nagar in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh.

River: Built on the Uhl River, a tributary of the Beas.

Issue: Leased to Punjab for 99 years in 1925, the agreement ended in March 2024; Himachal Pradesh seeks ownership now, arguing that the land originally belonged to it.

Present Status: Under Punjab’s control, Himachal is seeking support from the Centre to secure the project’s transfer.

✅ Airships:

▪️Context: As climate change drives the need for more sustainable transport options, airships are resurfacing as a viable choice, particularly for cargo transportation.

🔹About Airships:

▪️Origin and History:
Developed as the first aircraft capable of powered, controlled flight in the early 20th century.

Initially seen as the future of travel until airplanes took precedence; notable incidents like the Hindenburg disaster (1937) further diminished public trust in airships.

▪️How they work:
Operate on the “lighter-than-air” principle, utilizing gases like helium (non-combustible) or, earlier, hydrogen (flammable) for lift.
Lift occurs as the gas inside the airship is less dense than atmospheric air.

▪️Buoyancy challenge:
Variations in buoyancy needed for cargo handling complicate airship operations; previously, releasing and refilling helium was unfeasible due to cost.

Innovative solutions involve water ballast or compressed gas systems to adjust buoyancy without excessive helium usage.

#upsc #psc #prelims #currentaffairs #gk

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38

GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 13:15

CSE 2023 NON-RECOMMENDED MARKS Public Disclosure

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104

GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 12:23

OPSC 15th dec 2024

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126

GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 08:13

◼️The number of Indian-origin people increased in the US Parliament, 6 members of Indian origin won the elections of the House of Representatives

◼️Members of Indian origin in the US Parliament are known as Samosa Caucus. Currently Ami Bera, Raja Krishnamurthy, Ro Khanna, Pramila Jayapal, Shri Thanedar are its members.

◼️Indian American lawyer Suhas Subramaniam has created history by becoming the first person from his community to be elected from Virginia and the entire East Coast

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GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 07:16

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113

GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 07:02

A new leafless orchid species, Gastrodia lohitensis, has been identified in Arunachal Pradesh's Lohit district, making it a rare discovery in the country's endemic flora list.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #environment

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96

GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 06:58

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90

GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 06:47

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #rank

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423

GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 06:40

✅Mandeep Jangra won the WBF super featherweight title

👉 This was Mandeep's 12th fight in his professional career, of which he won 11

📌 Player : India's professional boxer Mandeep Jangra
📌 Opponent : Britain's Connor McIntosh
📌 Location : Cayman Islands

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #sports

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83

GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 06:33

PM Vidyalakshmi Yojana:

📌Vidya Lakshmi is a first of its kind portal for students seeking Education Loan. This portal has been developed under the guidance of Department of Financial Services (Ministry of Finance), Department of Higher Education (Ministry of Education) and Indian Banks Association (IBA).
📌The portal has been developed and being maintained by Protean e-Gov Technologies Limited (Formerly NSDL e-Governance Infrastructure Limited).
📌Students can view, apply and track the education loan applications to banks anytime, anywhere by accessing the portal.
📌Under the PM Vidyalakshmi Yojana, students can get a loan of up to 10 lakhs without guarantee
📌 Beneficiaries: 22 lakh students studying in 860 higher education institutions of the country will be able to avail the benefits of this scheme.
📌 Income limit: Direct benefit to students with annual income less than Rs 8 lakh, 3 per cent subsidy to families with Rs 8-10 lakh income.
📌 Selected Institutes: Students from the top 100 institutes in the NIRF ranking or the top 200 institutes with government funding

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #scheme

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80

GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 06:28

Trump wins the US presidential election

📌 Donald Trump defeated Democratic candidate Kamala Harris to win as the 47th President.
📌 Republican Party's Donald Trump defeated Democratic Party's candidate Kamala Harris by 5 million votes.
📌 After Cleveland, he is the second person to become President again in this manner
📌 Trump will be the oldest US president
📌 JD Vance becomes Vice President. He is a Republican Senator from Ohio. His wife Usha Vance is of Indian origin.
📌 One of the languages of the Ballet Paper was Bengali.

📌Saba Haider of Bulandshahr won the election in America.
📌Saba Haider, a Democrat from Ghaziabad defeated Republican Patti Gustin by 8521 votes and won the DuPage County Board election in the U.S.
📌 For over 15 years, Saba Haider has been an advocate for yoga and a healthy lifestyle in the U.S., reaching thousands through both online and in-person classes.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #IR

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435

GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 06:25

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85

GurukulIAS

08 Nov, 04:27

✍️The book "Speaking with Nature" is primarily focused on the history of Indian environmentalism, exploring the ideas and contributions of early Indian thinkers and activists who advocated for environmental protection, with a particular emphasis on figures like Rabindranath Tagore, M. Krishnan, and the Howard couple, as written by historian Ramachandra Guha.

⭕️Key points about the book:

◼️Author: Ramachandra Guha
◼️Main topic: The evolution of environmental consciousness in India, highlighting figures who contributed to the movement before the current climate change concerns
◼️Significance: It challenges the notion that developing nations lack environmental awareness and demonstrates India's rich history of environmental thought.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #books_and_authors

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85

GurukulIAS

03 Nov, 13:58

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #sports

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5

GurukulIAS

03 Nov, 13:57

📌Recently, there have been continuous protests by villagers and environmental activists against the cutting of trees for coal mining in Hasdeo Arand forest of Chhattisgarh. In this context, many incidents of clashes between forest officials and villagers have come to light.

📌The villagers also allege that fake Gram Sabha resolution documents of Salhi and Hariharpur Gram Sabhas have been used to obtain forest and environmental clearance for the Parsa coal block .

#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #places_in_news

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5

GurukulIAS

03 Nov, 10:31

"Sometimes life doesn't give you what you want, not because you don't deserve it, but because you deserve more."🖤

#lifelessons #motivation

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60

GurukulIAS

03 Nov, 07:56

India suffer first-ever 0-3 series whitewash against New Zealand, also first at Home.

This is the first time India have been whitewashed in a Test series at home since South Africa's 2-0 win in 1999-2000 and their first-ever 3-0 clean sweep at home.

#sports

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88

GurukulIAS

03 Nov, 05:52

Don't open the SBI bank Apk or link..

It may harm your device or security

Share it with everyone before it's too late

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105

GurukulIAS

03 Nov, 04:38

📌The Hwasong-19 is a North Korean intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) designed to enhance the nation’s long-range deterrence capabilities.

📌This missile is the longest-range ballistic missile ever developed by North Korea and is a solid-fuelled ICBM.

📌According to the report, the missile climbed to the maximum altitude of 7,687.5 km, covering the distance of over 1,000 km

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #defence

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69

GurukulIAS

03 Nov, 04:24

Recent Appointments:

📌Vikram Dev-Dutt took over as ‘Coal Secretary’
📌Abhyudaya Jindal has been appointed as the President of Indian Chamber of Commerce.
📌Bharti Airtel has appointed Shashwat Sharma as new CEO
📌Vipin Kumar has been appointed as the Chairman of ‘Airport Authority of India’
📌Mazhar Asif has been appointed as the Vice Chancellor of Jamia.
📌Dr. Himanshu Pathak has been appointed as the Director General of ICRISAT
📌Pranav Chavda has been appointed as the CEO of J.P. Morgan Chase India
📌Pam Kaur has been appointed as the first woman CFO of HSBC

#prelims #PSC #currentaffairs #appointments

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57

GurukulIAS

03 Nov, 03:52

🟥Recent Cyclones in News 🌪

✅ Cyclone Dana
📌Named by - Qatar
📌Meaning - Perfectly sized, valuable & beautiful pearl
📌Location - Bay of Bengal

✅ Cyclone Yagi
📌Named by - Japan
📌Meaning - Goat
📌Location - South East Asia

✅ Cyclone Remal
📌Named by - Oman
📌Meaning - Sand
📌Location - Bay of Bengal

#UPSC #prelims #PSC #environment #currentaffairs

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57

GurukulIAS

26 Oct, 04:13

📍 Explanation:

✍️Former hockey captain Rani Rampal retires.

✍️ Hockey India decided to retire Rani's jersey number 28 at an event held in her honour at the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium in New Delhi.

✍️ Rani Rampal also received the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna award and the country's fourth highest civilian award Padma Shri in the year 2020.

✍️Rani played 254 international matches and scored 120 goals since making her debut at just 14 years old in 2008 during the Olympic qualifiers in Kazan, becoming the youngest woman to represent India at the senior level in hockey.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #sports

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45

GurukulIAS

26 Oct, 04:09

📍 Explanation:

✍️India international trade fair

📌 The 43rd India International Trade Fair will be held from November 14 to 27 at Bharat Mandapam.
📌 This trade fair is organised by the Indian Trade Promotion Organization.
📌 Theme of the fair:- Developed India @ 2047
📌 Partner States:- Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
📌 Focus State:- Jharkhand

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #economics

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29

GurukulIAS

26 Oct, 04:06

📍 Explanation:

✍️Nvidia and Reliance enter into an agreement for AI computing infrastructure in India.

✍️ Jensen Huang, CEO of Nvidia Corp, a leading global artificial intelligence chip maker, and Mukesh Ambani's Reliance Industries have signed an agreement to build AI computing infrastructure and an innovation hub in India.

✍️ Reliance Industries' new flagship data centre will use Nvidia's latest Blackwell AI chip.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #economics

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31

GurukulIAS

26 Oct, 04:04

📍 Explanation:

✍️Singapore India Maritime Bilateral Exercise (SIMBEX) 2024
✍️ 31st edition between India and Singapore
✍️ Held from 23 to 29 October 2024 in Visakhapatnam
✍️The exercise was conducted in two phases. The harbour phase was conducted from 23 to 25 October in Visakhapatnam and the sea phase was conducted from 28 to 29 October in the Bay of Bengal.
✍️SIMBEX, which began as 'Exercise Lion King' in 1994, has since evolved into one of the most significant bilateral maritime collaborations between the Indian Navy and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN).

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #exercise

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30

GurukulIAS

26 Oct, 03:59

🟧 Ex-Situ Conservation

◾️ Seed Bank
◾️ Gene Bank
◾️ Cryopreservation
◾️ Botanical Garden
◾️ Zoo
◾️ Zoo
◾️ tree garden

🟥 In-Situ Conservation

◾️ National Park
◾️ wildlife sanctuary
◾️ Birds of Bihar
◾️ Biosphere Reserve
◾️ Tiger Reserve
◾️ Sacred Forest

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #environment

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23

GurukulIAS

26 Oct, 03:57

🔆 Lake Erie

✅It is the fourth largest of the five Great Lakes of North America.
✅It forms the boundary between Canada(Ontario) to the north and the United States to the west, south, and east.
✅The lake’s principal tributary rivers are the Detroit (carrying the discharge of Lake Huron), Huron, and Raisin rivers of Michigan etc.
✅The lake discharges at its eastern end through the Niagara River.
✅It is an important link in the Lawrence Seaway.

📍Microcystin?
✅It is a single-celled freshwater cyanobacterium that forms colonies surrounded by mucilage.
✅The genus Microcystis contains several species which often form massive blooms and which produce toxins.
✅Microcystin is a potent liver toxin and possible human carcinogen.
✅It inhibits the activities of protein phosphatase-1 and protein phosphatase-2A, which leads to disruption of the cytoskeleton network and subsequent cell death.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #environment

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24

GurukulIAS

26 Oct, 03:54

🔆Constitutional Governance in India: A 75-Year Journey

📍Key Constitutional Values :

✅Respect for democratic institutions: People's faith in democratic institutions has strengthened over time.
✅Smooth transition of power: Peaceful transfer of power between elected governments is a hallmark of Indian democracy.
✅Protection of rights and freedoms: The judiciary plays a crucial role in safeguarding individual rights.
✅Federalism: India's federal structure has strengthened over time, with the rise of state-level parties and the implementation of panchayati raj institutions.
✅Role of media and civil society: The media and civil society have contributed to strengthening democratic values.

📍Challenges and Opportunities :

✅India faces challenges such as inequality, poverty, and corruption.
✅Addressing these challenges requires continued commitment to constitutional values.
✅Strengthening democratic institutions and promoting inclusivity is essential for India's future.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #polity #gs2

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27

GurukulIAS

26 Oct, 03:53

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #IR

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28

GurukulIAS

26 Oct, 03:53

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #IR

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29

GurukulIAS

22 Oct, 17:27

Good night sweet dreams take care friends.😴😴

May almighty fulfil all your ethical wishes🙏🙏

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45

GurukulIAS

22 Oct, 17:06

📍 Explanation:

✍️The 2nd National Lighthouse Festival has been observed on 19 and 20 October 2024 across 75 historic lighthouses in India. A Lighthouse Tourism Conclave 2024 has been held in Puri, Odisha, on 19 October 2024 to mark the start of the festival.

#UPSC #prelims #PSC #currentaffairs #art_and_culture

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51

GurukulIAS

22 Oct, 16:59

📍 Explanation:

✍️Russian "Izdeliye 305" or Light Multipurpose Guided Rocket (LMUR) has shown strong resistance to jamming in Ukraine.

✍️It is a helicopter-launched air-to-surface missile targeting armored vehicles, structures, and vessels.

✍️The missile is 1.94 meters long, 200mm in diameter, and weighs 105 kg

#UPSC #prelims #PSC #currentaffairs #defence

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41

GurukulIAS

22 Oct, 16:56

📍 Explanation:

✍️Copper plate inscriptions from the 16th century were found at Sri Singeeswarar temple in Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu.

✍️The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and located in Mappedu Village.

✍️It was originally built by Aditya Karikalan II in 976 AD, father of Chola emperor Rajaraja Cholan.

✍️Krishnadevaraya's viceroy, Dalavai Ariyanadha Mudaliar, added the Rajagopuram, compound wall, and 16-pillar Mandap in 1501.

✍️The temple features Dravidian architecture with a 5-tier Rajagopuram.

#UPSC #prelims #PSC #currentaffairs #art_and_culture

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34

GurukulIAS

22 Oct, 16:53

📍 Explanation:

✍️According to the Fraser Institute's 2024 Economic Freedom of the World report, India ranks 84th in the world for economic freedom.

✍️The Fraser Institute's annual report measures how well a country's institutions and policies support economic freedom. The report uses 42 data points to create a summary index. A score closer to 10 indicates a higher level of economic freedom.

#UPSC #prelims #PSC #currentaffairs #rank

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32

GurukulIAS

22 Oct, 16:50

Cyclone Dana was named by Qatar according to the tropical cyclone naming system formulated by the WMO. The word Dana means 'generosity' in Arabic.

#UPSC #prelims #PSC #currentaffairs #geography

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32

GurukulIAS

22 Oct, 16:47

📍 Explanation:

✍️The 27th All India Forest Sports Meet concluded today in Raipur, Chhattisgarh. The host state emerged as the overall champion, securing a total of 174 medals. Kerala claimed second place with 103 medals, while Madhya Pradesh finished third with 88 medals.

#UPSC #prelims #PSC #currentaffairs #sports

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37

GurukulIAS

22 Oct, 16:45

#UPSC #prelims #PSC #currentaffairs #IR

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42

GurukulIAS

22 Oct, 16:44

#UPSC #prelims #PSC #currentaffairs #sports

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45

GurukulIAS

22 Oct, 15:22

He is ultra Pro Max plus😎😎😎

87

GurukulIAS

17 Oct, 15:52

70th BPSC Prelims— 13 Dec 2024

Form filling last date 4 Nov 2024

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74

GurukulIAS

17 Oct, 15:50

Status: Construction is stalled due to opposition from environmentalists and local government, with no significant progress to date.

✅ Minimum Support Prices (MSP):

▪️Context: The Indian government has recently approved an increase in the Minimum Support Prices (MSP) for six Rabi crops for the 2025-26 marketing season.

▪️Recent revision in MSP for Rabi crops: Wheat, Rapeseed & Mustard, Lentil (Masur), Barley, Gram, and Safflower.

🔹About Minimum Support Price:

▪️Definition: MSP is the guaranteed price paid to farmers for their produce when purchased by the government, ensuring they receive a minimum income.

▪️Determination: MSP is recommended by the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) based on factors like cost of production, demand and supply, and market trends.

▪️Approval process: The final decision on MSP is made by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), chaired by the Prime Minister.

▪️Crops under MSP: MSP is announced for 22 crops, including 14 Kharif, 6 Rabi, and 2 commercial crops. Fair Remunerative Price (FRP) is set for sugarcane.

Types of Production Costs:

CACP uses three cost projections:

A2: Paid-out costs for inputs like seeds, labor, and fertilizers.

A2+FL: Includes unpaid family labor.

C2: Comprehensive cost including rent and capital interest, used as a benchmark reference.

▪️Budget 2018-19:

The MSP is set at 1.5 times the All-India weighted average cost of production, ensuring farmers receive fair returns for their produce.

#upsc #psc #prelims #currentaffairs #gk

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73

GurukulIAS

17 Oct, 15:50

💫💫 PRELIMS BUSTER 💫💫

✅ Five Eye Alliance:

▪️Context: U.K. is the latest to declare its confidence in the judicial process by Ottawa, which is investigating the alleged involvement of Indian diplomats in the 2023 killing of a pro-Khalistan preacher.

🔹About Five Eyes Intelligence Alliance:

▪️Members: The alliance includes five English-speaking countries — Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

▪️Purpose: It is a multilateral intelligence-sharing network, primarily focused on surveillance and signals intelligence (SIGINT).

▪️Classified information: Intelligence shared is marked as ‘Secret—AUS/CAN/NZ/UK/US Eyes Only,’ giving the alliance its name.

▪️Background:

Evolved during World War II to counter the Soviet threat during the Cold War.

The U.S. and U.K. collaborated after breaking German and Japanese codes.

▪️Formation:

In 1946, the BRUSA Agreement (now UKUSA Agreement) formalized the intelligence-sharing partnership between the U.S. and U.K.

Initially focused on signals intelligence like radio and satellite communications.

▪️Expansion:

Canada joined in 1948, followed by Australia and New Zealand in 1956, making it a five-nation alliance.

▪️Scope: The alliance covers six key areas, including traffic analysis, cryptanalysis, decryption, and acquisition of communication-related information.

▪️Significance: The Five Eyes Alliance is one of the most extensive intelligence-sharing networks in the world, key in modern global surveillance and intelligence operations.

✅ Battle of Walong:

▪️Context: To mark the 62nd anniversary of the iconic Battle of Walong during the 1962 war with China, the Army is planning a month-long series of commemorative events.

🔹About Battle of Walong:

▪️Location: Walong, Arunachal Pradesh, near the McMahon Line, was a key battleground in the 1962 Sino-Indian War.

▪️Indian Forces: The 11th Infantry Brigade, comprising the 4th Sikh, 6th Kumaon, and 3rd Battalion of 3 Gorkha Rifles, defended Walong with about 800 men.

▪️Chinese Offensive: On October 21, 1962, over 4,000 Chinese troops attacked. Despite limited resources, Indian forces resisted for 27 days.

▪️Tactics: Indian troops used the terrain to set up ambushes and defensive positions, slowing the Chinese advance.

▪️Outcome: Indian forces withdrew on November 16, 1962, after inflicting heavy casualties and delaying the Chinese significantly.

▪️Significance: The Indian defense forced China to divert additional troops from Tawang, demonstrating India’s bravery and resilience in its only counterattack of the war.

✅ The Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB):

▪️Context: The Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB) has recommended bringing all antibiotics under the definition of “new drug” in the New Drugs and Clinical Trial (NDCT) Rules, 2019 to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

🔹Recent Recommendations by DTAB:

▪️Inclusion of antibiotics as “New Drugs”:

All antibiotics would fall under the category of “new drugs,” requiring manufacturing, marketing, and sale to be more strictly documented and regulated.

▪️Union government control:

Manufacturing and marketing approvals for antibiotics would need clearance from the Union government, rather than state authorities.

▪️Prescription mandatory:

Antibiotics would only be available with a valid prescription, curbing over-the-counter purchases and indiscriminate use.

▪️Labeling changes:

A blue strip or box would be added to antibiotic packaging to distinguish antimicrobial products, improving public awareness.

▪️Focus on AMR:

This move is part of efforts to address rising antimicrobial resistance in India, where common infections like UTIs, pneumonia, and typhoid are becoming resistant to standard treatments.

🔹Significance:

▪️Curbing Antimicrobial Resistance: Reducing misuse of antibiotics will help slow the rise of drug-resistant infections.

▪️Centralized Regulation: Bringing antibiotics under central control ensures uniform regulation across the country.

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GurukulIAS

17 Oct, 15:50

▪️Public Health Protection: Mandatory prescriptions and labeling aim to safeguard public health by preventing self-medication and misuse.

🔹About Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB):

▪️Role: It is the highest statutory body for advising on technical drug-related matters in India.

▪️Established under: The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940.

Part of: Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO).

Nodal ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Functions: Advises the central and state governments on technical matters related to the administration of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and performs other assigned functions under the Act.

✅ Kaziranga National Park in Assam:

▪️Context: Kaziranga National Park in Assam, renowned for its one-horned rhinoceros, has now earned recognition as the second-largest butterfly diversity hub in India, after Namdapha National Park in Arunachal Pradesh.

🔹Butterflies in Kaziranga:

▪️Species diversity: Kaziranga is home to 446 butterfly species, making it the second-most diverse butterfly hub in India.

▪️Newly recorded species: 18 new species, including Burmese Threering, Glassy Cerulean, and Peacock Oakblue, have been documented.

▪️Butterfly conservation: The first-ever Butterfly Conservation Meet-2024 highlighted the importance of butterfly conservation and raised awareness of Kaziranga’s butterfly diversity.

▪️About Kaziranga National Park:

Location:
Situated in Golaghat and Nagaon districts of Assam.

UNESCO World Heritage Site:
Declared a national park in 1974 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, housing two-thirds of the world’s one-horned rhinoceros’ population.

Biodiversity:
Hosts a variety of fauna, including royal Bengal tigers, leopards, capped langurs, and migratory birds.

▪️Known for its tall elephant grass, water lilies, and wet alluvial grasslands.

▪️Flora and Fauna:
Famous for elephant grasses, rattan cane, and aquatic plants like water hyacinths.

▪️Important species include Bengal florican and western hoolock gibbon, India’s only ape species.

▪️Ecological importance:
Largest undisturbed area in the Brahmaputra Valley floodplains, offering critical habitats for diverse wildlife.

✅ Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO):

▪️Context: The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) in China is set to begin operations in 2025, aiming to gather data on neutrinos to solve fundamental mysteries in particle physics.

▪️Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO):

▪️Location: Built 700 meters underground in China’s Guangdong province.

▪️Purpose: Designed to detect neutrinos emitted by nearby nuclear power plants, the sun, and Earth’s mantle.

▪️Detector: Features a 600 metric ton spherical detector with thousands of light-detecting tubes.

▪️Timeline: Expected to start operations in late 2025.

▪️Collaboration: Scientists from France, Germany, Italy, Russia, and the U.S. are involved.

▪️Global impact: Aims to surpass similar projects in the U.S. and Europe in neutrino research.

🔹About Neutrinos:

▪️Fundamental particle: Neutrinos are elementary particles produced in high-energy processes like nuclear reactions in stars.

▪️Hard to detect: Neutrinos rarely interact with matter due to their lack of electrical charge.

▪️Origins: Produced by stars, supernovae, and on Earth in nuclear reactors and accelerators.

▪️Key in physics: Studying neutrinos helps understand processes in the sun, the universe’s formation, and Earth’s interior.

▪️Future applications: Could revolutionize astronomy and medical imaging; potential for long-distance communication via neutrinos.

🔹Indian Neutrino Observatory (INO):

▪️Proposal: Conceived in 2005 to study neutrinos using a detector under Tamil Nadu’s Bodi West Hills.

▪️Budget: Initially funded at Rs 1,500 crore by the Indian government.

▪️Approval: Received environment ministry clearance in 2018.

▪️Challenges: Faces opposition due to environmental concerns, including its location in a tiger corridor and potential impact on local ecology.

50

GurukulIAS

17 Oct, 14:11

Highest T20 score against Bangladesh 297 (among Test-status teams or else Nepal 314) followed by the lowest score in Tests in the home country.

#PSC #prelims #sports

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78

GurukulIAS

17 Oct, 06:22

#prelims #PSC #UPSC #currentaffairs #Agriculture

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87

GurukulIAS

17 Oct, 03:59

📍 Explanation:

✍️Every year on October 15, the World Students' Day is observed to honour the contributions of the former President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam in the field of education. The day falls on the anniversary of the late teacher's birth.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #days

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109

GurukulIAS

17 Oct, 03:54

According to Exam Controller Harsh Dev Pandey, 1985 act ke karan PCS exam postpone kiya gya & new date December ke middle week tak possible hai.

#UPPSC

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87

GurukulIAS

17 Oct, 03:40

🔆Torgya Festival, Arunachal Pradesh

✅Torgya festival is a monastic festival celebrated in the Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh. This festival is celebrated every year towards the end of January.

✅Torgya festival is very significant in Arunachal Pradesh as it celebrates the destruction of negative forces and the ushering in of prosperity, peace and good will. It is believed that the rituals performed during this festival would help ward off natural calamities and other disasters.

✅Rich presence of colour is one of the main features of this festival. Colourful dances mark the occasion along with the gaiety displayed everywhere.

#prelims #PSC #UPSC #currentaffairs #art_and_culture

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61

GurukulIAS

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