How to treat a PCOS patient planning to conceive? Letrozole (ovulation induction) + metformin
If not planning to conceive: cOCPs + metformin
If not planning to conceive: cOCPs + metformin
Clinical Notes
@endocrine_is_fun
Clinical Notes (English)
Are you a medical student or healthcare professional looking to enhance your knowledge and skills in endocrinology? Look no further than the 'Clinical Notes' Telegram channel, managed by the username '@endocrine_is_fun'. This channel is dedicated to providing valuable insights, case studies, and clinical notes on various endocrine disorders and conditions. Whether you are preparing for exams, seeking to deepen your understanding of endocrinology, or simply interested in staying updated with the latest research and developments in the field, this channel is the perfect resource for you. Join a community of like-minded individuals who share a passion for endocrinology and engage in discussions, share experiences, and learn from each other. Stay connected and informed with 'Clinical Notes' and take your knowledge of endocrinology to the next level!
Clinical Notes
11 Dec, 12:02
Protective Factors from endometrial cancer:
-smoking
-Progrstrone
-combined OCPs
-smoking
-Progrstrone
-combined OCPs
Clinical Notes
10 Dec, 16:30
Contrainidications to LMWH:
-Active bleeding/ high risk of bleeding
-Acute stroke in the previous 4 weeks
-uncontrolled HTN
-severe renal or liver disease
-thrombocytopenia < 75
-Active bleeding/ high risk of bleeding
-Acute stroke in the previous 4 weeks
-uncontrolled HTN
-severe renal or liver disease
-thrombocytopenia < 75
Clinical Notes
09 Dec, 12:19
Diagnosis of PROM --> is made by sterile speculum examination meeting the following criteria:
• Pooling positive: clear, watery amniotic fluid is seen in the posterior vaginal fornix
• Nitrazine positive: the fluid turns pH-sensitive paper blue
• Fern positive: the fluid displays a ferning pattern when allowed to air dry on a microscope glass slide
• Pooling positive: clear, watery amniotic fluid is seen in the posterior vaginal fornix
• Nitrazine positive: the fluid turns pH-sensitive paper blue
• Fern positive: the fluid displays a ferning pattern when allowed to air dry on a microscope glass slide
Clinical Notes
01 Dec, 13:42
Signs of Uterine Rupture:
✔️Acute Bradycardia
✔️sudden or worsening abdominal pain
✔️staricase sign: stepwise gradual decrease in contractions
✔️Bandl ring (شوفوه هيو بالصورة😮)
✔️Acute Bradycardia
✔️sudden or worsening abdominal pain
✔️staricase sign: stepwise gradual decrease in contractions
✔️Bandl ring (شوفوه هيو بالصورة😮)
Clinical Notes
27 Oct, 20:37
MEN Syndromes Mnemonic
🟨MEN1 syndrome : 3Ps
Parathyroid , Pituitary, Pancreatic cancer
🟩MEN2a : 2Ps 1m
Parathyoid, Pheocromocytoma , Medullary thyroid cancers
🟥MEN2b: 1P 2Ms
Pheochtomocytoma, Medullary thyroid, Marfanoid habitus/Mucosal neuroma
🟨MEN1 syndrome : 3Ps
Parathyroid , Pituitary, Pancreatic cancer
🟩MEN2a : 2Ps 1m
Parathyoid, Pheocromocytoma , Medullary thyroid cancers
🟥MEN2b: 1P 2Ms
Pheochtomocytoma, Medullary thyroid, Marfanoid habitus/Mucosal neuroma
Clinical Notes
27 Oct, 20:28
REMEMBER that calcitonin levels are elevated in Medullary Thyroid Cancer as it originates from C Cells (parafollicular)
Clinical Notes
27 Oct, 19:53
safe triangle borders:
- Lateral border of the pectoralis major anteriorly.
- Lateral border of the latissimus dorsi posteriorly.
- Inferiorly, by a horizontal line from the nipple
- Lateral border of the pectoralis major anteriorly.
- Lateral border of the latissimus dorsi posteriorly.
- Inferiorly, by a horizontal line from the nipple
Clinical Notes
27 Oct, 18:10
RCC
-most common type of Renal Cancer: Clear Cell RCC (cc rcc😁)
-most associated with sickle cell: medullary carcinoma
Bilateral in pediatrics: wilms tumor, bilateral in adults: VHL syndrome
-presentation: painless hematuria
-tt: Radical nephrectomy / nephron sparing srugery
-most common type of Renal Cancer: Clear Cell RCC (cc rcc😁)
-most associated with sickle cell: medullary carcinoma
Bilateral in pediatrics: wilms tumor, bilateral in adults: VHL syndrome
-presentation: painless hematuria
-tt: Radical nephrectomy / nephron sparing srugery
Clinical Notes
27 Oct, 16:49
6Ps: paralysis (WORST) , paresthesia, pallor, pulselessness, perishing cold, pain
Clinical Notes
27 Oct, 15:12
Cullen & Grey Turner Sign: indicate bleeding in the retroperitoneal compartment
As in hemorrhagic pancreatitis/ Ruptured ectopic pregnancy/ liver trauma / leaking AAA/ portal hypertension
As in hemorrhagic pancreatitis/ Ruptured ectopic pregnancy/ liver trauma / leaking AAA/ portal hypertension
Clinical Notes
27 Oct, 13:09
Achalasia
-diagnostic modalities:
1.Barium Swallow shows Bird beak sign & dilated esophagus
2.manometry
-Symptoms: dysphagia, bad breath, regurgitation
-treatment:
Nonsurgical: CCBs, botulinum toxin injection, Small thick meals
Surgical treatment:
Heller Myotomy
Balloon dilatation
-diagnostic modalities:
1.Barium Swallow shows Bird beak sign & dilated esophagus
2.manometry
-Symptoms: dysphagia, bad breath, regurgitation
-treatment:
Nonsurgical: CCBs, botulinum toxin injection, Small thick meals
Surgical treatment:
Heller Myotomy
Balloon dilatation
Clinical Notes
27 Oct, 12:05
متى نعالج umbilical hernia؟
Size> 1.5 cm
Age > 3 or 4 years old
By Herniotomy
Size> 1.5 cm
Age > 3 or 4 years old
By Herniotomy
Clinical Notes
27 Oct, 11:44
Amyand's hernia is a rare form of an inguinal hernia which occurs when the appendix is included in the hernial sac and becomes incarcerated.
Clinical Notes
27 Oct, 10:42
Intusussception :
✅Target Sign / Pseudokidney on US
✅On PE: mass in the RUQ
✅most common Age: 8 -12 months
✅most common site : ileocolic
✅Symptoms: paroxysms of abdominal pain/ vomiting/ CURRANT JELLY stool
✅Treatment: Air-fluid enema (hydrostatic reduction) / Air contrast Enema/ surgical resection
✅Target Sign / Pseudokidney on US
✅On PE: mass in the RUQ
✅most common Age: 8 -12 months
✅most common site : ileocolic
✅Symptoms: paroxysms of abdominal pain/ vomiting/ CURRANT JELLY stool
✅Treatment: Air-fluid enema (hydrostatic reduction) / Air contrast Enema/ surgical resection
Clinical Notes
27 Oct, 10:09
Paralytic Ileus may be caused by:
DM (DKA)/ hyponatremia / hypokalemia/ drugs/ uremia/ infections/ bowel ischemia
DM (DKA)/ hyponatremia / hypokalemia/ drugs/ uremia/ infections/ bowel ischemia
Clinical Notes
27 Oct, 09:42
Small bowel obstruction on Xray:
Dilated bowel loops
air fluid level
step ladder sign
plica circulares
Dilated bowel loops
air fluid level
step ladder sign
plica circulares
Clinical Notes
26 Oct, 16:49
Ranson’s criteria for acute pancreatitis (at admission):
LAGELE (لاقيلي الالتهاب😂)
✅L:Leukocytes>16000
✅A:Age > 55
✅G:Glucose > 200
✅E:Enzymes (AST)>250
✅L: LDH > 350
✅E
LAGELE (لاقيلي الالتهاب😂)
✅L:Leukocytes>16000
✅A:Age > 55
✅G:Glucose > 200
✅E:Enzymes (AST)>250
✅L: LDH > 350
✅E
Clinical Notes
26 Oct, 15:58
Malrotation with midut volvulus
-signs:
Corckscrew sign
Dilated stomach
Beak appearance of duodenum
DJ junction anterior to the spine on lateral view , and on the right on AP view
On U/S or CT scan: Whirlpool sign
Treatment: Ladd Procedure
-signs:
Corckscrew sign
Dilated stomach
Beak appearance of duodenum
DJ junction anterior to the spine on lateral view , and on the right on AP view
On U/S or CT scan: Whirlpool sign
Treatment: Ladd Procedure
Clinical Notes
26 Oct, 15:31
Paget Disease of the nipple:
Scaling itchy nipple Rash due to invasion by Ductal Carcinoma
Treated by lumpectomy / mastectomy
Scaling itchy nipple Rash due to invasion by Ductal Carcinoma
Treated by lumpectomy / mastectomy
Clinical Notes
26 Oct, 15:08
MOST SERIOUS complication of a full thickness burn:
Compartment Syndrome (Eschar)
Treated by Escharotomy
Complications : AKI/ rhabdomyolysis/ Arrythmia/ Acidosis
Compartment Syndrome (Eschar)
Treated by Escharotomy
Complications : AKI/ rhabdomyolysis/ Arrythmia/ Acidosis
Clinical Notes
25 Oct, 17:43
Paget Schroetter syndrome (PSS) is effort-induced thrombosis of the axillary and subclavian veins associated with compression of the subclavian vein at the thoracic outlet
Clinical Notes
25 Oct, 17:02
Klippel Trenuauy Syndrome: Absent deep veins with a triad of
🔵Varicose veins
🔵Port wine stain
🔵Limb hypertrophy
🔵Varicose veins
🔵Port wine stain
🔵Limb hypertrophy
Clinical Notes
25 Oct, 12:43
✅Most common cause of shock is hypovolemic shock
✅Most common cause of Shock in the ICU is Septic Shock
✅Most common cause of Shock in the ICU is Septic Shock
Clinical Notes
25 Oct, 10:53
You will also find a Negative Prehn sign in Testicular trosion (lifting of the testis does Not relieve the pain)
It is positive in Epididymitis
It is positive in Epididymitis
Clinical Notes
25 Oct, 09:43
Treat undescended testis surgically if it has not descended by 6 MONTHS of Age
Clinical Notes
24 Oct, 12:20
Necrotizing fasciitis
Type 1: polymicrobial
Type 2: GAS
Type 3: gas gangrene / clostridial myonecrosis
Type 1: polymicrobial
Type 2: GAS
Type 3: gas gangrene / clostridial myonecrosis
Clinical Notes
24 Oct, 12:16
Cellulitis:
✅Inflammation of subcutaneous fat, looks red with ill defined margins, causes fever, chills, rigors
✅Organisms:
GAS (Local)/ Staph A (spread) / C.perfrinfes
✅trearment: leg elevation + antibiotics + control of DM
✅Inflammation of subcutaneous fat, looks red with ill defined margins, causes fever, chills, rigors
✅Organisms:
GAS (Local)/ Staph A (spread) / C.perfrinfes
✅trearment: leg elevation + antibiotics + control of DM
Clinical Notes
24 Oct, 12:10
🟧Wound healing nutritions:
Vitamin A, B, and C , Iron,Zinc, and copper
Vitamin A, B, and C , Iron,Zinc, and copper
Clinical Notes
24 Oct, 10:28
Clinical Presentation of Hirschprung Disease:
Abdominal Distension, Bilious Vomiting, and Failure to pass meconium
On X-Ray 🩻: Dilated Bowel, Empty Rectum, Air fluid level
Gold Standard: RECTAL BIOPSY (shows aganglionosis)
Abdominal Distension, Bilious Vomiting, and Failure to pass meconium
On X-Ray 🩻: Dilated Bowel, Empty Rectum, Air fluid level
Gold Standard: RECTAL BIOPSY (shows aganglionosis)
Clinical Notes
24 Oct, 10:19
Pyloric Stenosis
-PE: Olive-like mass 🫒, Succussion splash on 🩺
-US: Doughnut sign🍩 , Hamburger sign 🍔
-X-Ray: Caterpillar Sign🐛
-PE: Olive-like mass 🫒, Succussion splash on 🩺
-US: Doughnut sign🍩 , Hamburger sign 🍔
-X-Ray: Caterpillar Sign🐛
Clinical Notes
24 Oct, 08:30
Exudative Fluid in the Pleural Cavity can be determined by light criteria:
✔️Protein (pleural/serum) > 0.5
✔️LDH (pleural / serum ) > 0.6
✔️Pleural LDH > 2/3 of upper limit of serum LDH
✔️Protein (pleural/serum) > 0.5
✔️LDH (pleural / serum ) > 0.6
✔️Pleural LDH > 2/3 of upper limit of serum LDH
1,482
subscribers
432
photos
96
videos
