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Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS (English)
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Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
18 Jan, 10:23
https://youtu.be/bSseLuV90BU?si=SfauvrQXBhQS9Jj4
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
18 Jan, 10:20
https://edukemy.com/free-resources-for-upsc/prelim-resources/e-tip/current-affair-mcq/107738
https://edukemy.com/free-resources-for-upsc/prelim-resources/e-tip/current-affairs-reading-document/107739
Check out today's quiz answers and detailed explanations through the shared links.
https://edukemy.com/free-resources-for-upsc/prelim-resources/e-tip/current-affairs-reading-document/107739
Check out today's quiz answers and detailed explanations through the shared links.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
18 Jan, 06:21
Q.10) Which of the following statements about the Battle of Walong is/are correct?
1. The Battle of Walong was fought between 14 and 16 November 1962 and was the only counterattack launched by India during the India-China war of 1962.
2. The battle took place in Arunachal Pradesh’s Walong, which is the easternmost town near the Tibet region.
3. The Indian Army’s 6 Kumaon Battalion launched the counterattack with limited resources, ammunition, and manpower, managing to hold back the Chinese forces for over 20 days.
4. Initially, China had reserved a full division for attacks on Tawang and Sela sectors but assigned only one regiment for Walong. However, due to stiff Indian resistance, the Chinese had to divert their division meant for Tawang to Walong.
1. The Battle of Walong was fought between 14 and 16 November 1962 and was the only counterattack launched by India during the India-China war of 1962.
2. The battle took place in Arunachal Pradesh’s Walong, which is the easternmost town near the Tibet region.
3. The Indian Army’s 6 Kumaon Battalion launched the counterattack with limited resources, ammunition, and manpower, managing to hold back the Chinese forces for over 20 days.
4. Initially, China had reserved a full division for attacks on Tawang and Sela sectors but assigned only one regiment for Walong. However, due to stiff Indian resistance, the Chinese had to divert their division meant for Tawang to Walong.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
18 Jan, 06:14
Q.9) Which of the following statements about Chittaranjan Das is/are correct?
1. He was born on 5th November 1870 and was affectionately known as 'Deshbandhu' (Friend of the Nation).
2. Chittaranjan Das was a prominent political leader, lawyer, and freedom fighter from Bengal.
3. He was a mentor to leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru.
4. He played a significant role in India’s struggle for independence.
1. He was born on 5th November 1870 and was affectionately known as 'Deshbandhu' (Friend of the Nation).
2. Chittaranjan Das was a prominent political leader, lawyer, and freedom fighter from Bengal.
3. He was a mentor to leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru.
4. He played a significant role in India’s struggle for independence.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
18 Jan, 06:13
Q.8) Which of the following statements about Begum Qudsia Aizaz Rasul is/are correct?
1. She was born into Punjab's royal family.
2. She campaigned for women’s issues and opposed religiously separate electorates as a member of the Indian National Congress.
3. She played a key role in promoting women's hockey.
4. She was elected to the Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh in 1962.
1. She was born into Punjab's royal family.
2. She campaigned for women’s issues and opposed religiously separate electorates as a member of the Indian National Congress.
3. She played a key role in promoting women's hockey.
4. She was elected to the Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh in 1962.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
18 Jan, 06:12
Q.7) Consider the following statements about Ammu Swaminathan:
1. She co-founded the Women’s India Association in 1917 with leaders such as Annie Besant.
2. She was elected as an MP from Dindigul in Tamil Nadu post-independence.
3. She advocated for women's education rights and opposed restrictive widowhood practices.
1. She co-founded the Women’s India Association in 1917 with leaders such as Annie Besant.
2. She was elected as an MP from Dindigul in Tamil Nadu post-independence.
3. She advocated for women's education rights and opposed restrictive widowhood practices.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
18 Jan, 06:10
Q.6) Consider the following statements about the Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra mosque:
1. It is the second oldest completed mosque in North India, after the Quwwat ul Islam mosque in Delhi.
2. The mosque was commissioned by Iltutmish of Delhi in 1213 CE.
3. The mosque is an example of early Indo-Islamic architecture.
1. It is the second oldest completed mosque in North India, after the Quwwat ul Islam mosque in Delhi.
2. The mosque was commissioned by Iltutmish of Delhi in 1213 CE.
3. The mosque is an example of early Indo-Islamic architecture.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
18 Jan, 06:08
Q.5) Consider the following statements about Subramania Bharati:
1. He started his career in journalism with Swadesamitran and also worked with The Hindu.
2. His notable works include Kuyil Pattu, Panchali Sabatham, and Kannan Pattu.
1. He started his career in journalism with Swadesamitran and also worked with The Hindu.
2. His notable works include Kuyil Pattu, Panchali Sabatham, and Kannan Pattu.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
18 Jan, 06:07
Q.4) With reference to the Yuga Yugeen Bharat National Museum, consider the following statements:
1. It was announced by the Prime Minister at the International Museum Expo in May 2023.
2. The museum will involve collaboration between India and France, leveraging France's expertise in museum management and design.
3. It will repurpose the historic North and South Blocks using the principle of Adaptive Reuse.
4. The primary focus of the museum is on showcasing India's technological advancements.
1. It was announced by the Prime Minister at the International Museum Expo in May 2023.
2. The museum will involve collaboration between India and France, leveraging France's expertise in museum management and design.
3. It will repurpose the historic North and South Blocks using the principle of Adaptive Reuse.
4. The primary focus of the museum is on showcasing India's technological advancements.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
18 Jan, 06:05
Q.3) With reference to the 39th session of the Indian National Congress held at Belagavi in 1924, consider the following statements:
1. It was the only session of the Indian National Congress presided over by Mahatma Gandhi.
2. The session emphasized the importance of Khadi as a symbol of self-reliance.
3. Gandhi proposed organizational reforms, including reducing membership fees to encourage mass participation.
4. The session rejected the idea of communal harmony as a pre-requisite for India's freedom.
1. It was the only session of the Indian National Congress presided over by Mahatma Gandhi.
2. The session emphasized the importance of Khadi as a symbol of self-reliance.
3. Gandhi proposed organizational reforms, including reducing membership fees to encourage mass participation.
4. The session rejected the idea of communal harmony as a pre-requisite for India's freedom.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
12 Jan, 03:39
https://youtu.be/vKx7h-MWNow?si=XzuHfi5GOekqnkdl
Good morning,
Have a chill Sunday and get some executable inspiration from the Maestro. Remember all your mistakes and learnings:
1. In your prelims test series and PYQ attempts
2. In the strategy that somehow didn’t work
P.S: I am not indirectly hinting towards any star player’s inability to learn and avoid the same mistakes!
Good morning,
Have a chill Sunday and get some executable inspiration from the Maestro. Remember all your mistakes and learnings:
1. In your prelims test series and PYQ attempts
2. In the strategy that somehow didn’t work
P.S: I am not indirectly hinting towards any star player’s inability to learn and avoid the same mistakes!
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
11 Jan, 12:08
https://edukemy.com/free-resources-for-upsc/prelim-resources/e-tip/indian-climate-and-agriculture-mcq/107592
https://edukemy.com/free-resources-for-upsc/prelim-resources/e-tip/indian-climate-and-agriculture-reading-notes/107668
Check out today's quiz answers and detailed explanations through the shared links.
https://edukemy.com/free-resources-for-upsc/prelim-resources/e-tip/indian-climate-and-agriculture-reading-notes/107668
Check out today's quiz answers and detailed explanations through the shared links.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
11 Jan, 08:24
The CASE Science December 2024 materials are now available on the Free Resources page of the Edukemy website/app. You can also access them directly using this link: https://edukemy.com/free-resources-for-upsc/prelim-resources/case/science/107630
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
11 Jan, 06:54
Q.10) Which of the following locations were included in the study on wading bird populations along the Kerala coast?
1. Azheekkal estuary
2. Ayikkara beach
3. Kayamkulam estuary
4. Vembanad Lake
1. Azheekkal estuary
2. Ayikkara beach
3. Kayamkulam estuary
4. Vembanad Lake
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
11 Jan, 06:52
Q.9) Which of the following statements about La Niña's impact on India’s climate is/are correct?
1. La Niña winters bring colder nights in northern India but slightly higher daytime temperatures.
2. La Niña years are associated with enhanced monsoons, leading to normal to above-normal rainfall.
3. The delayed formation of La Niña in 2024 is due to the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) being below the threshold required for La Niña formation.
1. La Niña winters bring colder nights in northern India but slightly higher daytime temperatures.
2. La Niña years are associated with enhanced monsoons, leading to normal to above-normal rainfall.
3. The delayed formation of La Niña in 2024 is due to the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) being below the threshold required for La Niña formation.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
11 Jan, 06:50
Q.8) Which of the following statements about methane concentration in the atmosphere is/are correct?
1. Methane levels in the atmosphere are now 259 percent of the pre-industrial level.
2. Human activities like cattle farming, rice cultivation, and landfill dumps contribute to about 60 percent of methane emissions.
3. Methane concentration has increased over the past year at a slower rate compared to the average annual rate over the past 10 years.
1. Methane levels in the atmosphere are now 259 percent of the pre-industrial level.
2. Human activities like cattle farming, rice cultivation, and landfill dumps contribute to about 60 percent of methane emissions.
3. Methane concentration has increased over the past year at a slower rate compared to the average annual rate over the past 10 years.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
11 Jan, 06:49
Q.7) Which of the following statements regarding wildfires and thunderstorms is/are correct?
1. Pyrocumulonimbus thunderstorms are explosive thunderstorms triggered by wildfires.
2. These thunderstorms are formed due to the release of heat and moisture from plants during a wildfire.
3. Warm air is lighter than cold air, and its upward movement leads to cloud formation, eventually resulting in a thunderstorm.
1. Pyrocumulonimbus thunderstorms are explosive thunderstorms triggered by wildfires.
2. These thunderstorms are formed due to the release of heat and moisture from plants during a wildfire.
3. Warm air is lighter than cold air, and its upward movement leads to cloud formation, eventually resulting in a thunderstorm.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
11 Jan, 06:48
Q.6) Which of the following statements about past ice changes north of Iceland is/are correct?
1. The study concluded that past ice changes were entirely caused by natural patterns.
2. At least one-third of past ice changes were found to be "forced" by factors like volcanic eruptions and variations in the Sun's output.
3. The findings indicate that the climate system is highly sensitive to external driving factors.
1. The study concluded that past ice changes were entirely caused by natural patterns.
2. At least one-third of past ice changes were found to be "forced" by factors like volcanic eruptions and variations in the Sun's output.
3. The findings indicate that the climate system is highly sensitive to external driving factors.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
11 Jan, 06:46
Q.5) Which of the following statements regarding solar geoengineering is/are correct?
1. Solar geoengineering aims to reflect sunlight to cool the Earth rapidly.
2. The SAI approach mimics the effects of volcanic eruptions by emitting particles into the upper atmosphere.
3. Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB) involves spraying sea salt on clouds to reduce global-scale cooling.
1. Solar geoengineering aims to reflect sunlight to cool the Earth rapidly.
2. The SAI approach mimics the effects of volcanic eruptions by emitting particles into the upper atmosphere.
3. Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB) involves spraying sea salt on clouds to reduce global-scale cooling.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
11 Jan, 06:45
Q.4) Which of the following statements regarding coralline algae is/are correct?
1. Coralline algae are crucial for the survival of coral reefs as they bind the reefs together.
2. Coralline algae have shown the ability to rapidly develop resistance to ocean acidification in an evolutionary context.
3. Without coralline algae, coral reefs would still thrive as they are independent of algae support.
1. Coralline algae are crucial for the survival of coral reefs as they bind the reefs together.
2. Coralline algae have shown the ability to rapidly develop resistance to ocean acidification in an evolutionary context.
3. Without coralline algae, coral reefs would still thrive as they are independent of algae support.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
11 Jan, 06:43
Q.3) Which of the following statements about Indian mountain peaks is/are correct?
1. Kanchenjunga Peak is the third highest peak in the world and lies between Sikkim in India and Nepal.
2. Nanda Devi is the highest peak located entirely within India and is the second highest peak in the Himalayas.
3. Saltoro Kangri Peak is part of the Karakoram Range and lies near the Actual Ground Position Line in the Siachen region.
1. Kanchenjunga Peak is the third highest peak in the world and lies between Sikkim in India and Nepal.
2. Nanda Devi is the highest peak located entirely within India and is the second highest peak in the Himalayas.
3. Saltoro Kangri Peak is part of the Karakoram Range and lies near the Actual Ground Position Line in the Siachen region.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Jan, 16:55
Hello everyone! Tomorrow's MCQ topic is the Places in News in India. Make sure to go through your notes and revise the key points. All the best! ✌️
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Jan, 10:16
🌟 Master UPSC Prelims with Ease!
Ready to ace the UPSC Prelims? 🚀 Dive into 45 years of meticulously decoded Previous Year Questions (PYQs) from 1979 to 2024!
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Ready to ace the UPSC Prelims? 🚀 Dive into 45 years of meticulously decoded Previous Year Questions (PYQs) from 1979 to 2024!
Check all the details here: https://edukemy.com/upsc/decoding-upsc-prelims-pyqs-1979-2024
📚 Here’s What We Offer:
✅ Subject-Wise Booklets: All themes, all answers – organized for targeted learning.
🎥 Daily Video Analysis: Theme-wise PYQ discussions on Edukemy’s YouTube channel.
📝 Practice & Notes: Practice online and download detailed notes for a solid prep base.
✨ Why Choose This?
🔍 In-Depth Analysis: Understand themes with expert explanations and key insights.
📂 Theme-Wise Practice: Stay focused with category-based PYQs for precise study.
🚀 Prelims-Ready Confidence: Build strategies to nail recurring patterns with up to 95% accuracy!
Check all the details through the link: https://edukemy.com/upsc/decoding-upsc-prelims-pyqs-1979-2024
💡Don’t wait! Start your journey to UPSC success today!
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Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Jan, 08:44
https://youtu.be/hNmcFaht38A?si=NhxFC2rCTt8T7DQD
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Jan, 08:44
https://edukemy.com/free-resources-for-upsc/prelim-resources/e-tip/world-locations-mcq/107554
Check out today's quiz answers and detailed explanations through the shared links.
Check out today's quiz answers and detailed explanations through the shared links.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Jan, 05:20
Q.10) Consider the following pairs–
River – Flows into
1. Mekong — Andaman Sea
2. Thames — Irish Sea
3. Volga — Caspian Sea
4. Zambezi — Indian Ocean
River – Flows into
1. Mekong — Andaman Sea
2. Thames — Irish Sea
3. Volga — Caspian Sea
4. Zambezi — Indian Ocean
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Jan, 05:16
Q.8) Consider the following statements: (Prelims – 2024)
1. The Red Sea receives very little precipitation in any form.
2. No water enters the Red Sea from rivers
1. The Red Sea receives very little precipitation in any form.
2. No water enters the Red Sea from rivers
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Jan, 05:13
Q.6) Consider the following pairs: (Prelims 2018)
Regions sometimes mentioned in the news – Country
1. Catalonia — Spain
2. Crimea — Hungary
3. Mindanao — Philippines
4. Oromia — Nigeria
Regions sometimes mentioned in the news – Country
1. Catalonia — Spain
2. Crimea — Hungary
3. Mindanao — Philippines
4. Oromia — Nigeria
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Jan, 05:11
Q.5) Consider the following pairs:
Sea – Bordering Country
1. Adriatic Sea – Albania
2. Black Sea – Croatia
3. Caspian Sea – Kazakhstan
4. Mediterranean Sea – Morocco
5. Red Sea – Syria
Sea – Bordering Country
1. Adriatic Sea – Albania
2. Black Sea – Croatia
3. Caspian Sea – Kazakhstan
4. Mediterranean Sea – Morocco
5. Red Sea – Syria
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Jan, 05:10
Q.4) Between India and East Asia, the navigation-time and distance can be greatly reduced by which of the following? (Prelims – 2011)
1. Deepening the Malacca straits between Malaysia and Indonesia.
2. Opening a new canal across the Kra isthmus between the Gulf of Siam and Andaman Sea.
1. Deepening the Malacca straits between Malaysia and Indonesia.
2. Opening a new canal across the Kra isthmus between the Gulf of Siam and Andaman Sea.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Jan, 05:09
Q.3) What is the correct sequence of occurrence of the following cities in South-East Asia as one proceeds from south to north? (Prelims 2014)
1. Bangkok
2. Hanoi
3. Jakarta
4. Singapore
1. Bangkok
2. Hanoi
3. Jakarta
4. Singapore
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Jan, 05:07
Q.2) The Mediterranean Sea is a border of which of the following countries? (Prelims
2017)
1. Jordan
2. Iraq
3. Lebanon
4. Syria
2017)
1. Jordan
2. Iraq
3. Lebanon
4. Syria
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
31 Dec, 17:36
Hi everyone! Tomorrow’s MCQ topic is the Capital Market. Take some time to review your notes and brush up on the important details. ✌️
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
31 Dec, 08:34
https://youtu.be/Hz2Vjr5c9Q4?si=gwPu-Fotbj4gYuv-
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
31 Dec, 08:34
Check out today's quiz answers with detailed explanations here.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
31 Dec, 05:41
Q.10) The term 'Core Banking Solutions' is sometimes seen in the news. Which of the following statements best describes/ describe this term? (Prelims 2016)
1. It is a networking of a bank's branches which enables customers to operate their accounts from any branch of the bank on its network regardless of where they open their accounts.
2. It is an effort to increase RBI's control over commercial banks through computerisation.
3. It is a detailed procedure by which a bank with huge non-performing assets is taken over by another bank.
1. It is a networking of a bank's branches which enables customers to operate their accounts from any branch of the bank on its network regardless of where they open their accounts.
2. It is an effort to increase RBI's control over commercial banks through computerisation.
3. It is a detailed procedure by which a bank with huge non-performing assets is taken over by another bank.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
31 Dec, 05:39
Q.9) Consider the following statements:
1. The Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is appointed by the Central Government.
2. Certain provisions in the Constitution of India give the Central Government the right to issue directions to the RBI in public interest.
3. The Governor of the RBI draws his power from the RBI Act.
1. The Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is appointed by the Central Government.
2. Certain provisions in the Constitution of India give the Central Government the right to issue directions to the RBI in public interest.
3. The Governor of the RBI draws his power from the RBI Act.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
31 Dec, 05:37
Q.7) Consider the following statements:
1. In India, credit rating agencies are regulated by Reserve Bank of India.
2. The rating agency popularly known as ICRA is a public limited company.
3. Brickwork Ratings is an Indian credit rating agency.
1. In India, credit rating agencies are regulated by Reserve Bank of India.
2. The rating agency popularly known as ICRA is a public limited company.
3. Brickwork Ratings is an Indian credit rating agency.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
31 Dec, 05:35
Q.6) With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: (Prelims 2022)
1. If the inflation is too high, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is likely to buy government securities.
2. If the rupee is rapidly depreciating, RBI is likely to sell dollars in the market.
3. If interest rates in the USA or European Union were to fall, that is likely to induce RBI to buy
dollars.
1. If the inflation is too high, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is likely to buy government securities.
2. If the rupee is rapidly depreciating, RBI is likely to sell dollars in the market.
3. If interest rates in the USA or European Union were to fall, that is likely to induce RBI to buy
dollars.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
31 Dec, 05:34
Q.5) With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: (Prelims 2022)
1. An increase in Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) indicates the appreciation of rupee.
2. An increase in the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) indicates an improvement in trade competitiveness.
3. An increasing trend in domestic inflation relative to inflation in other countries is likely to cause an increasing divergence between NEER and REER.
1. An increase in Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) indicates the appreciation of rupee.
2. An increase in the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) indicates an improvement in trade competitiveness.
3. An increasing trend in domestic inflation relative to inflation in other countries is likely to cause an increasing divergence between NEER and REER.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
31 Dec, 05:33
Q.4) Consider the following statements. (2018)
1. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is the amount that the banks have to maintain in the form of their own funds to offset any loss that banks incur if the account holders fail to repay any dues.
2. CAR is decided by each individual bank.
1. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is the amount that the banks have to maintain in the form of their own funds to offset any loss that banks incur if the account holders fail to repay any dues.
2. CAR is decided by each individual bank.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
31 Dec, 05:29
Q.2) Consider the following statements. (2019)
The Reserve Bank of India’s recent directives relating to ‘Storage of Payment System Data’, popularly
known as Data Diktat, command the payment system providers that
1. they shall ensure that the entire data relating to payment systerhs operated by them are stored in a system only in India.
2. they shall ensure that the systems are owned and operated by public sector enterprises.
3. they shall submit the consolidated system audit report to the Comptroller and Auditor General of India by the end of the calendar year.
The Reserve Bank of India’s recent directives relating to ‘Storage of Payment System Data’, popularly
known as Data Diktat, command the payment system providers that
1. they shall ensure that the entire data relating to payment systerhs operated by them are stored in a system only in India.
2. they shall ensure that the systems are owned and operated by public sector enterprises.
3. they shall submit the consolidated system audit report to the Comptroller and Auditor General of India by the end of the calendar year.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
26 Dec, 17:47
Hi everyone! Tomorrow’s MCQ topic is the Environment Organisation and Treaties MCQs.Take some time to review your notes and brush up on the important details.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
26 Dec, 08:30
https://youtu.be/WaJylbdHvv0?si=dkQ6R2QVc-0NJCLl
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
26 Dec, 08:29
https://edukemy.com/edukemy-prelims-resources
Please download the answers with explanations for today's Quiz on National Environments Acts and International MCQs from the shared link.
Please download the answers with explanations for today's Quiz on National Environments Acts and International MCQs from the shared link.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
26 Dec, 05:21
Q.10) Consider the following statements: (Prelims 2017)
1. Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to Reduce Short Lived Climate Pollutants is a unique initiative of G20 group of countries.
2. The CCAC focuses on methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons.
1. Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to Reduce Short Lived Climate Pollutants is a unique initiative of G20 group of countries.
2. The CCAC focuses on methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
26 Dec, 05:18
Q.9) With reference to ‘Global Climate Change Alliance’, which of the following statements is/are correct? (Prelims 2017)
1. It is an initiative of the European Union.
2. It provides technical and financial support to targeted developing countries to integrate climate change into their development policies and budgets.
3. It is coordinated by World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).
1. It is an initiative of the European Union.
2. It provides technical and financial support to targeted developing countries to integrate climate change into their development policies and budgets.
3. It is coordinated by World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
26 Dec, 05:16
Q.8) With reference to India, consider the following Central Acts:
1. Import and Export (Control) Act, 1947
2. Mining and Mineral Development (Regulation) Act, 1957
3. Customs Act, 1962
4. Indian Forest Act, 1927
1. Import and Export (Control) Act, 1947
2. Mining and Mineral Development (Regulation) Act, 1957
3. Customs Act, 1962
4. Indian Forest Act, 1927
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
26 Dec, 05:15
Q.7) Consider the following statements:
1. Animal Welfare Board of India is established under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.2. National Tiger Conservation Authority is a statutory body.
3. National Ganga River Basin Authority is chaired by the Prime Minister.
1. Animal Welfare Board of India is established under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.2. National Tiger Conservation Authority is a statutory body.
3. National Ganga River Basin Authority is chaired by the Prime Minister.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
26 Dec, 05:12
Q.6) With reference to Eco-Sensitive Zones’, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
2. The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities in those zones except agriculture.
1. Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
2. The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities in those zones except agriculture.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
26 Dec, 05:07
Q.4) Consider the following statements:
1. 36% of India’s districts are classified as ‘overexploited’ or ‘critical’ by the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA).
2. CGWA was formed under the Environment (Protection) Act.
3. India has the largest area under groundwater irrigation in the world.
1. 36% of India’s districts are classified as ‘overexploited’ or ‘critical’ by the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA).
2. CGWA was formed under the Environment (Protection) Act.
3. India has the largest area under groundwater irrigation in the world.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
26 Dec, 05:03
Q.2) With reference to Indian laws about wildlife protection, consider the following statements:
1. Wild animals are the sole property of the government.
2. When a wild animal is declared protected, such animal is entitled for equal protection whether it is found in protected areas or outside.
3. Apprehension of a protected wild animal becoming a danger to human life is sufficient ground for its capture or killing.
1. Wild animals are the sole property of the government.
2. When a wild animal is declared protected, such animal is entitled for equal protection whether it is found in protected areas or outside.
3. Apprehension of a protected wild animal becoming a danger to human life is sufficient ground for its capture or killing.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
25 Dec, 18:47
Hi everyone! Tomorrow’s MCQ topic is the National Environments Acts and International MCQs. Take some time to review your notes and brush up on the important details. ✌️
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
25 Dec, 08:51
Please check today's quiz, along with the answers and explanations, in the file provided below.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
25 Dec, 08:39
Team Edukemy and Shabbir Sir wish you a Merry Christmas! May this festive season inspire you to work harder, stay focused, and achieve great success in your UPSC journey. 🎄
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Shabbir Sir's Prelims Support Program (PSP) is here with an exclusive 25% OFF—offer valid till Christmas!
Program Options:
👉PSP (Mentorship + Test Series): ₹11,250 (Original: ₹15,000)
👉Test Series Only: ₹1,875 (Original: ₹2,500)
What’s Included:
✨Expert mentorship by Shabbir Sir & team.
✨Comprehensive Test Series (Marathon, Sectional, and Full-Length).
✨PYQ Analysis, Strategy Sessions, Revision Modules & more!
🎁 Use Code: CHRIS25 to unlock this offer!
Don’t miss this chance to level up your preparation!
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Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
25 Dec, 06:01
Q.10) In rural road construction, the use of which of the following is preferred for ensuring environmental sustainability or to reduce carbon footprint? (2020 Prelims)
1. Copper slag
2. Cold mix asphalt technology
3. Geotextiles
4. Hot mix asphalt technology
5. Portland cement
1. Copper slag
2. Cold mix asphalt technology
3. Geotextiles
4. Hot mix asphalt technology
5. Portland cement
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
25 Dec, 06:00
Q.9) Which of the following statements best describes the term ‘Social Cost of Carbon’?
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
25 Dec, 05:58
Q.8) Consider the following statements:(2022 Prelims)
1. “The Climate Group” is an international non-profit organization that drives
climate action by building large networks and runs them.
2. The International Energy Agency in partnership with the Climate Group launched a global initiative “EP100”.
3. EP100 brings together leading companies committed to driving innovation in energy efficiency and increasing competitiveness while delivering on emission reduction goals.
4. Some Indian companies are members of EP100.
5. The International Energy Agency is the Secretariat to the “Under2 Coalition”.
1. “The Climate Group” is an international non-profit organization that drives
climate action by building large networks and runs them.
2. The International Energy Agency in partnership with the Climate Group launched a global initiative “EP100”.
3. EP100 brings together leading companies committed to driving innovation in energy efficiency and increasing competitiveness while delivering on emission reduction goals.
4. Some Indian companies are members of EP100.
5. The International Energy Agency is the Secretariat to the “Under2 Coalition”.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
25 Dec, 05:56
Q.7) Consider the following activities:(2023 Prelims)
1. Spreading finely ground basalt rock on farmlands extensively
2. Increasing the alkalinity of oceans by adding lime
3. Capturing carbon dioxide released by various industries and pumping it into abandoned subterranean mines in the form of carbonated waters
1. Spreading finely ground basalt rock on farmlands extensively
2. Increasing the alkalinity of oceans by adding lime
3. Capturing carbon dioxide released by various industries and pumping it into abandoned subterranean mines in the form of carbonated waters
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
25 Dec, 05:54
In the context of mitigating the impending global warming due to anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide, which of the following can be the potential sites for carbon sequestration? (2017 Prelims)
1. Abandoned and uneconomic coal seams
2. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs
3. Subterranean deep saline formations
1. Abandoned and uneconomic coal seams
2. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs
3. Subterranean deep saline formations
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
25 Dec, 05:52
With reference to ‘Global Climate Change Alliance’, which of the following statements is/are correct? (2017 Prelims)
1. It is an initiative of the European Union.
2. It provides technical and financial support to targeted developing countries to integrate climate change into their development policies and budgets.
3. It is coordinated by World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).
1. It is an initiative of the European Union.
2. It provides technical and financial support to targeted developing countries to integrate climate change into their development policies and budgets.
3. It is coordinated by World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
25 Dec, 05:48
Q.3) Which of the following statements are correct about the deposits of ‘methane hydrate’?
1. Global warming might trigger the release of methane gas from these deposits.
2. Large deposits of ‘methane hydrate’ are found in Arctic Tundra and under the seafloor.
3. Methane in atmosphere oxidizes to carbon dioxide after a decade or two.
1. Global warming might trigger the release of methane gas from these deposits.
2. Large deposits of ‘methane hydrate’ are found in Arctic Tundra and under the seafloor.
3. Methane in atmosphere oxidizes to carbon dioxide after a decade or two.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Dec, 15:00
https://youtu.be/AHQMV5q0tJE?si=Z4IjiTPN1mc0vuxa
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Dec, 14:44
Hi
Gals and Boyz.
This is ur weekly summary of Env CA for November.
Gals and Boyz.
This is ur weekly summary of Env CA for November.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Dec, 08:38
https://edukemy.com/edukemy-prelims-resources
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Dec, 08:38
Please download the answers with explanations for today's Constitutional and non constitutional bodies PYQs quiz from the shared link.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Dec, 05:28
Q.15) The North Eastern Council (NEC) was established by the North Eastern Council Act, 1971. Subsequent to the amendment of NEC Act in 2002, the Council comprises which of the following members? (2024 Prelims)
1. Governor of the Constituent State
2. Chief Minister of the Constituent State
3. Three Members to be nominated by the President of India
4. The Home Minister of India
1. Governor of the Constituent State
2. Chief Minister of the Constituent State
3. Three Members to be nominated by the President of India
4. The Home Minister of India
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Dec, 05:26
Q.14) Consider the following statements regarding the National Human Rights Commission of India. (1999)
1. Its Chairman must be a retired Chief Justice of India.
2. It has formations in each state as State Human Rights Commission.
3. Its powers are only recommendatory in nature.
4. It is mandatory to appoint a woman as a member of the Commission.
1. Its Chairman must be a retired Chief Justice of India.
2. It has formations in each state as State Human Rights Commission.
3. Its powers are only recommendatory in nature.
4. It is mandatory to appoint a woman as a member of the Commission.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Dec, 05:19
Q.11) Consider the following statements. (2009)
1. Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) was set-up during the Prime Ministership of Lal Bahadur (STOS) Shastri.
2. The Members for CAT are drawn from both judicial and administrative streams.
1. Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) was set-up during the Prime Ministership of Lal Bahadur (STOS) Shastri.
2. The Members for CAT are drawn from both judicial and administrative streams.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Dec, 05:17
Q.10) With reference to Lok Adalats, consider the following statements. (2009)
1. An award made by a Lok Adalat is deemed to be a decree of a Civil Court and no appeal lies against there to before any court.
2. Matrimonial/Family disputes are not covered under Lok Adalat.
1. An award made by a Lok Adalat is deemed to be a decree of a Civil Court and no appeal lies against there to before any court.
2. Matrimonial/Family disputes are not covered under Lok Adalat.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Dec, 05:15
Q.9) Consider the following statements. (2017)
1. The Election Commission of India is a five-member body.
2. Union Ministry of Home Affairs decides the election schedule for the conduct of both general elections and bye-elections.
3. Elections Commission resolves the disputes relating to splits/mergers of recognised political parties.
1. The Election Commission of India is a five-member body.
2. Union Ministry of Home Affairs decides the election schedule for the conduct of both general elections and bye-elections.
3. Elections Commission resolves the disputes relating to splits/mergers of recognised political parties.
Shabbir’s Edukemy Telegram for Prelims
06 Dec, 05:14
Q.8) Which of the following are associated with ‘Planning’ in India? (2014)
1. The Finance Commission
2. The National Development Council
3. The Union Ministry of Rural Development
4. The Union Ministry of Urban Development
5. The Parliament
1. The Finance Commission
2. The National Development Council
3. The Union Ministry of Rural Development
4. The Union Ministry of Urban Development
5. The Parliament
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
14 Nov, 06:50
Polity Series - 26
Good afternoon all,
Armed Forces (Article 33)
1. Article 33 grants Parliament the power to limit or modify certain fundamental rights for members of the armed forces, police, intelligence, or other public order-maintaining forces.
This provision aims to support national security and ensure discipline within these forces, enabling them to perform their duties effectively.
2. Martial Law (Article 34)
Article 34 allows for restrictions on fundamental rights during martial law in any part of Indian territory.
Notably, the Constitution does not provide a specific definition of "martial law."
Legislation to Enforce Fundamental Rights (Article 35) -
Article 35 grants Parliament exclusive authority to pass laws necessary to enforce certain fundamental rights.
This ensures consistency across India regarding these rights and the penalties for violations.
Try solving this Practice Question from above -
Q. With reference to Articles 33, 34, and 35 of the Indian Constitution, consider the following statements:
1. Article 33 allows Parliament to restrict or modify certain fundamental rights specifically for members of the armed forces and other forces responsible for public order.
2. Article 34 defines the expression 'martial law' in the Constitution.
3. Article 35 provides that only Parliament has the authority to legislate on matters necessary to enforce specific fundamental rights.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Ans - (b) 1 and 3 only
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article33 #article34 #article35
Good afternoon all,
Armed Forces (Article 33)
1. Article 33 grants Parliament the power to limit or modify certain fundamental rights for members of the armed forces, police, intelligence, or other public order-maintaining forces.
This provision aims to support national security and ensure discipline within these forces, enabling them to perform their duties effectively.
2. Martial Law (Article 34)
Article 34 allows for restrictions on fundamental rights during martial law in any part of Indian territory.
Notably, the Constitution does not provide a specific definition of "martial law."
Legislation to Enforce Fundamental Rights (Article 35) -
Article 35 grants Parliament exclusive authority to pass laws necessary to enforce certain fundamental rights.
This ensures consistency across India regarding these rights and the penalties for violations.
Try solving this Practice Question from above -
Q. With reference to Articles 33, 34, and 35 of the Indian Constitution, consider the following statements:
1. Article 33 allows Parliament to restrict or modify certain fundamental rights specifically for members of the armed forces and other forces responsible for public order.
2. Article 34 defines the expression 'martial law' in the Constitution.
3. Article 35 provides that only Parliament has the authority to legislate on matters necessary to enforce specific fundamental rights.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article33 #article34 #article35
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
13 Nov, 06:48
Polity Series - 25
Goodafternoon all,
Article 32 of the Indian Constitution talks about Right to Constitutional Remedies
its Core Purpose - it guarantees the "Right to Constitutional Remedies," enabling individuals to approach the Supreme Court directly for enforcement of their fundamental rights.
it is Known as the “heart and soul of the Constitution” by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, this Article ensures the protection of fundamental rights.
Right to Approach the Court: Article 32 gives citizens the right to directly petition the Supreme Court if any fundamental rights are violated.
The Supreme Court can issue five types of writs under Article 32:
1. Habeas Corpus – Protects against unlawful detention.
2. Mandamus – Commands a public authority to perform its duty.
3. Prohibition – Restricts lower courts from exceeding jurisdiction.
4. Certiorari – Orders transfer of a case from a lower court to a higher authority.
5. Quo Warranto – Challenges the legality of a person's public office.
Article 32 applies only to fundamental rights, distinguishing it from Article 226, where High Courts can address both fundamental rights and legal rights violations.
Thus Article 32 is pivotal to judicial review in India, allowing the Supreme Court to protect citizens' rights from any arbitrary actions by the state.
It also supports the principle of “rule of law” by checking legislative and executive powers.
Now Solve PYQ from 2022 -
Q. With reference to the writs issued by the Courts in India, consider the following statements:
1. Mandamus will not lie against a private organization unless it is entrusted with a public duty.
2. Mandamus will not lie against a Company even though it may be a Government Company.
3. Any public minded person can be a petitioner to move the Court to obtain the writ of Quo Warranto.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans- C
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article32 #pyq2022 #mandamus #writs #judiciary
Goodafternoon all,
Article 32 of the Indian Constitution talks about Right to Constitutional Remedies
its Core Purpose - it guarantees the "Right to Constitutional Remedies," enabling individuals to approach the Supreme Court directly for enforcement of their fundamental rights.
it is Known as the “heart and soul of the Constitution” by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, this Article ensures the protection of fundamental rights.
Right to Approach the Court: Article 32 gives citizens the right to directly petition the Supreme Court if any fundamental rights are violated.
The Supreme Court can issue five types of writs under Article 32:
1. Habeas Corpus – Protects against unlawful detention.
2. Mandamus – Commands a public authority to perform its duty.
3. Prohibition – Restricts lower courts from exceeding jurisdiction.
4. Certiorari – Orders transfer of a case from a lower court to a higher authority.
5. Quo Warranto – Challenges the legality of a person's public office.
Article 32 applies only to fundamental rights, distinguishing it from Article 226, where High Courts can address both fundamental rights and legal rights violations.
Thus Article 32 is pivotal to judicial review in India, allowing the Supreme Court to protect citizens' rights from any arbitrary actions by the state.
It also supports the principle of “rule of law” by checking legislative and executive powers.
Now Solve PYQ from 2022 -
Q. With reference to the writs issued by the Courts in India, consider the following statements:
1. Mandamus will not lie against a private organization unless it is entrusted with a public duty.
2. Mandamus will not lie against a Company even though it may be a Government Company.
3. Any public minded person can be a petitioner to move the Court to obtain the writ of Quo Warranto.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article32 #pyq2022 #mandamus #writs #judiciary
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
12 Nov, 11:38
🌟 Ace UPSC Prelims by Mastering 45 Yrs PYQs! 🌟
Catch our new YouTube series covering theme-wise Prelims Previous Year Questions from the past 45 years! This video dives into Preamble questions—essential for building a strong foundation. See trends, understand concepts, and boost your prep!
🔗 Catch the series on our YouTube channel today : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-esnZ9i-8A
🌐 Start Practicing the same PYQs & Download Notes Here : https://edukemy.com/upsc/decoding-upsc-prelims-pyqs-1979-2024
Catch our new YouTube series covering theme-wise Prelims Previous Year Questions from the past 45 years! This video dives into Preamble questions—essential for building a strong foundation. See trends, understand concepts, and boost your prep!
🔗 Catch the series on our YouTube channel today : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-esnZ9i-8A
🌐 Start Practicing the same PYQs & Download Notes Here : https://edukemy.com/upsc/decoding-upsc-prelims-pyqs-1979-2024
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
12 Nov, 07:02
Polity series - 24
Good afternoon all, today we will see Article 31 -
Article 31: Right to Property originally protected an individual’s right to property, prohibiting the State from depriving any person of property except through lawful authority and with compensation for acquisition or requisition.
• Amendments and Changes:
• First Amendment (1951): Introduced Article 31A & Article 31B to protect land reforms and prevent legal challenges on grounds of property rights.
• Twenty-Fifth Amendment (1971): Replaced “compensation” with “amount” payable by the State, reducing emphasis on fair market value and expanding State powers.
• Forty-Fourth Amendment (1978): Repealed Article 31, removing the fundamental right to property from Part III of the Constitution.
• Post-1978, the right to property is a constitutional/legal right under Article 300A in Part XII, rather than a fundamental right, allowing the State to regulate property in the public interest while balancing individual rights.
• Impact of Repeal: The shift from fundamental to legal status aims to prioritize public welfare, facilitating land acquisition for development projects while maintaining legal recourse for property owners.
Recent Development(Nov 2024) - In a significant ruling impacting citizens' property rights, the Supreme Court declared that not all privately-owned properties qualify as "material resources of the community."
Consequently, the State cannot acquire private properties solely in the name of serving the common good.
Thus, not all private property would fall within the ambit of Article 39(b) for government acquisition to serve the “common good”.
Impact - The majority ruling reflects India’s shift from extensive state control to a liberalized economy encouraging private wealth. Balancing social welfare with property rights, the Supreme Court supports economic growth while indicating that future cases of property acquisition will be judged individually.
Note - You can expect one mains question on this topic in mains 2025 wrt implications of judgement.
Now solve PYQ from 1982
Which one of the following is not a Fundamental Right ?
(a) Freedom of speech and expression
(b) Right to assemble peaceably and without arms
(c) Right to property
(d) Right to equality
Ans - C
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article31 #pyq1982 #rttoproperty #rttoprivateproperty
Good afternoon all, today we will see Article 31 -
Article 31: Right to Property originally protected an individual’s right to property, prohibiting the State from depriving any person of property except through lawful authority and with compensation for acquisition or requisition.
• Amendments and Changes:
• First Amendment (1951): Introduced Article 31A & Article 31B to protect land reforms and prevent legal challenges on grounds of property rights.
• Twenty-Fifth Amendment (1971): Replaced “compensation” with “amount” payable by the State, reducing emphasis on fair market value and expanding State powers.
• Forty-Fourth Amendment (1978): Repealed Article 31, removing the fundamental right to property from Part III of the Constitution.
• Post-1978, the right to property is a constitutional/legal right under Article 300A in Part XII, rather than a fundamental right, allowing the State to regulate property in the public interest while balancing individual rights.
• Impact of Repeal: The shift from fundamental to legal status aims to prioritize public welfare, facilitating land acquisition for development projects while maintaining legal recourse for property owners.
Recent Development(Nov 2024) - In a significant ruling impacting citizens' property rights, the Supreme Court declared that not all privately-owned properties qualify as "material resources of the community."
Consequently, the State cannot acquire private properties solely in the name of serving the common good.
Thus, not all private property would fall within the ambit of Article 39(b) for government acquisition to serve the “common good”.
Impact - The majority ruling reflects India’s shift from extensive state control to a liberalized economy encouraging private wealth. Balancing social welfare with property rights, the Supreme Court supports economic growth while indicating that future cases of property acquisition will be judged individually.
Note - You can expect one mains question on this topic in mains 2025 wrt implications of judgement.
Now solve PYQ from 1982
Which one of the following is not a Fundamental Right ?
(a) Freedom of speech and expression
(b) Right to assemble peaceably and without arms
(c) Right to property
(d) Right to equality
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article31 #pyq1982 #rttoproperty #rttoprivateproperty
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
11 Nov, 06:50
https://www.youtube.com/live/-0BGOCD0hvs?si=ShzGXe2mvD_onE_S
Geography Optional New Batch starting with Oceanography from Today. Live now!
Geography Optional New Batch starting with Oceanography from Today. Live now!
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
11 Nov, 06:24
Polity series - 23
Gm all,
Today we will deal about Cultural and educational rights - Article 30
Rights of minorities to establish and administer institutions
Article 30: Rights of Minorities to Establish and Administer Educational Institutions.
1. Scope of Article 30: Grants religious and linguistic minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. This ensures that minority communities can preserve their culture, language, and religion through education.
2. Protection Against Discrimination: The State cannot discriminate against minority-run institutions when granting aid based on their religious or linguistic status.
3. Autonomy in Administration: Minority institutions have administrative autonomy in aspects like admissions, curriculum, and management, which fosters independence but must adhere to regulations promoting fairness and public interest.
4. Landmark Judgments:
a. St. Stephen’s College v. University of Delhi (1992): Allowed minority institutions to prioritize students from their community in admissions, provided the process is fair.
b. T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002): Reinforced the rights of minority institutions to establish and administer institutions without state interference, provided it adheres to general educational standards.
Limitations: While minorities have the right to autonomy, they are subject to regulatory frameworks ensuring academic standards and merit-based admissions.
Article 30 is integral to protecting minority rights, balancing educational quality with cultural preservation, and promoting India’s diversity within its educational system.
Now Solve this - 1999 Question
Q. The Constitution of India recognises:
(a) only religious minorities
(b) only linguistic minorities
(c) religious and linguistic minorities
(d) religious, linguistic and ethnic minorities
Ans - C
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article30 #pyq1999 #linguisticminority #religiousminority
Gm all,
Today we will deal about Cultural and educational rights - Article 30
Rights of minorities to establish and administer institutions
Article 30: Rights of Minorities to Establish and Administer Educational Institutions.
1. Scope of Article 30: Grants religious and linguistic minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. This ensures that minority communities can preserve their culture, language, and religion through education.
2. Protection Against Discrimination: The State cannot discriminate against minority-run institutions when granting aid based on their religious or linguistic status.
3. Autonomy in Administration: Minority institutions have administrative autonomy in aspects like admissions, curriculum, and management, which fosters independence but must adhere to regulations promoting fairness and public interest.
4. Landmark Judgments:
a. St. Stephen’s College v. University of Delhi (1992): Allowed minority institutions to prioritize students from their community in admissions, provided the process is fair.
b. T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002): Reinforced the rights of minority institutions to establish and administer institutions without state interference, provided it adheres to general educational standards.
Limitations: While minorities have the right to autonomy, they are subject to regulatory frameworks ensuring academic standards and merit-based admissions.
Article 30 is integral to protecting minority rights, balancing educational quality with cultural preservation, and promoting India’s diversity within its educational system.
Now Solve this - 1999 Question
Q. The Constitution of India recognises:
(a) only religious minorities
(b) only linguistic minorities
(c) religious and linguistic minorities
(d) religious, linguistic and ethnic minorities
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article30 #pyq1999 #linguisticminority #religiousminority
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
10 Nov, 16:40
🔥 Big Launch Tomorrow! 🔥
Get ready to dive into 45 Years of UPSC Prelims PYQs – the ultimate prep series to help you master each topic and ace the Prelims! 🏆
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🔹 With theme-wise videos, tests, and notes, this series is your one-stop solution to mastering the Prelims!
🎥 Catch the First Video on YouTube Tomorrow at 2:30 PM 👉 https://youtu.be/Nntg0ksLzmI
🌐 Start Practicing & Download Notes Here post video is live 👉https://edukemy.com/upsc/decoding-upsc-prelims-pyqs-1979-2024
Get ready to master prelims PYQs for last 45 years one theme at a time! 🚀
Get ready to dive into 45 Years of UPSC Prelims PYQs – the ultimate prep series to help you master each topic and ace the Prelims! 🏆
Why PYQs Matter?
🔹 PYQs reveal patterns, highlight key topics, and sharpen your focus on what truly matters for UPSC success.
🔹 With theme-wise videos, tests, and notes, this series is your one-stop solution to mastering the Prelims!
🎥 Catch the First Video on YouTube Tomorrow at 2:30 PM 👉 https://youtu.be/Nntg0ksLzmI
🌐 Start Practicing & Download Notes Here post video is live 👉https://edukemy.com/upsc/decoding-upsc-prelims-pyqs-1979-2024
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Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
09 Nov, 09:17
I have repeatedly asserted, pl follow this pattern on ur CA preparation.
Make it weekly study and study thematically. Don’t do random study on daily basis.
U can rely on our coverage every week.
I have been sharing our CA summaries of monthly themes every Friday. U can scroll back and have a quick revision.
Make it weekly study and study thematically. Don’t do random study on daily basis.
U can rely on our coverage every week.
I have been sharing our CA summaries of monthly themes every Friday. U can scroll back and have a quick revision.
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
09 Nov, 08:51
Polity Series - 22,
Good afternoon all,
Today we will deal about Cultural and Educational rights - Article 29
Article 29 talks about -
Protection of Minority Interests (Article 29)
Article 29 of the Indian Constitution aims to protect the cultural, educational, and identity rights of minority groups.
Key Provisions:
1. Cultural Preservation:
Citizens in India with a distinct language, script, or culture have the right to conserve and promote their cultural identity and heritage.
2.Non-Discrimination in Education:
No citizen shall be denied admission to educational institutions maintained or aided by the State based on religion, race, caste, or language.
Important Judicial Interpretations:
1. D.A.V. College, Jalandhar v. State of Punjab (1971): The SC ruled that setting up a university and teaching the Punjabi language did not violate the right to preserve cultural identity under Article 29(1).
2. St. Stephen's College v. University of Delhi (1992):
It was held that minority institutions have the right to reserve seats for students from their own community, provided the admissions are fair and transparent.
3. T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka:
The court upheld the autonomy of minority institutions in administration and admissions, affirming their right to maintain their distinct identity.
4. Animal Welfare Board v. Union of India (Jallikattu case): In a 2023 ruling, the SC upheld the traditional sport of Jallikattu as a cultural right under Article 29, overturning a 2014 ban and permitting the activity under state law amendments.
Now solve a PYQ on above from 2011 -
Q. In India, if a religious sect/community is given the status of a national minority, what special advantages it is entitled to?
1. It can establish and administer exclusive educational institutions.
2. The President of India automatically nominates a representative of the community to Lok
Sabha.
3. It can derive benefits from the Prime Minister's 15 Point Programme.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2 and 3 only
Ans - C
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article29 #minorityinstitutions #pyq2011
Good afternoon all,
Today we will deal about Cultural and Educational rights - Article 29
Article 29 talks about -
Protection of Minority Interests (Article 29)
Article 29 of the Indian Constitution aims to protect the cultural, educational, and identity rights of minority groups.
Key Provisions:
1. Cultural Preservation:
Citizens in India with a distinct language, script, or culture have the right to conserve and promote their cultural identity and heritage.
2.Non-Discrimination in Education:
No citizen shall be denied admission to educational institutions maintained or aided by the State based on religion, race, caste, or language.
Important Judicial Interpretations:
1. D.A.V. College, Jalandhar v. State of Punjab (1971): The SC ruled that setting up a university and teaching the Punjabi language did not violate the right to preserve cultural identity under Article 29(1).
2. St. Stephen's College v. University of Delhi (1992):
It was held that minority institutions have the right to reserve seats for students from their own community, provided the admissions are fair and transparent.
3. T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka:
The court upheld the autonomy of minority institutions in administration and admissions, affirming their right to maintain their distinct identity.
4. Animal Welfare Board v. Union of India (Jallikattu case): In a 2023 ruling, the SC upheld the traditional sport of Jallikattu as a cultural right under Article 29, overturning a 2014 ban and permitting the activity under state law amendments.
Now solve a PYQ on above from 2011 -
Q. In India, if a religious sect/community is given the status of a national minority, what special advantages it is entitled to?
1. It can establish and administer exclusive educational institutions.
2. The President of India automatically nominates a representative of the community to Lok
Sabha.
3. It can derive benefits from the Prime Minister's 15 Point Programme.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2 and 3 only
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article29 #minorityinstitutions #pyq2011
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
09 Nov, 06:32
Got late in sharing Env CA compilations for the week. Check this out. Download, make ur notes and study.
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
08 Nov, 08:24
Polity series - 21
Good afternoon all, Today we will learn about
Article 28 - Freedom Regarding Religious Instruction in Educational Institutions.
Article 28 of the Indian Constitution ensures the secular nature of state-funded educational institutions and protects individuals' choices regarding religious instruction.
Key points include:
1. Secular Education in State-Funded Institutions: Educational institutions fully funded by the state cannot provide religious instruction, preserving their secular character.
2. Religious Instruction in Endowed or Trust-Based Institutions: Institutions managed by the state but established through a trust or endowment may offer religious instruction if mandated by the endowment's terms.
3. Voluntary Participation: Students in institutions recognised or aided by the state are not required to participate in religious instruction or worship unless they or their guardians consent, safeguarding individual freedom.
4. Protection of Individual Religious Freedom:
Article 28 supports individual choice, allowing students to choose their level of participation in religious activities in certain institutions while maintaining secular standards in government-funded schools.
Eg - Case Reference - Aruna Roy v. Union of India (2002): A Public Interest Litigation (PIL) challenged the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCFSE) as anti-secular.
The court ruled that Article 28 was not violated, permitting the study of religious philosophy as part of a value-based educational framework without promoting specific religious teachings.
Purpose of Article 28: it upholds secularism in publicly funded educational institutions, allowing freedom of belief while respecting individual rights to participate—or not participate—in religious activities.
Now solve Practice Question based on above -
Q. With reference to
Article 28 of the Indian Constitution, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Educational institutions wholly maintained by State funds are not permitted to provide religious instruction.
2. Educational institutions administered by the State but established under a trust may impart religious instruction.
3. Students attending educational institutions receiving State aid must participate in religious instruction if provided by the institution.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article28
Good afternoon all, Today we will learn about
Article 28 - Freedom Regarding Religious Instruction in Educational Institutions.
Article 28 of the Indian Constitution ensures the secular nature of state-funded educational institutions and protects individuals' choices regarding religious instruction.
Key points include:
1. Secular Education in State-Funded Institutions: Educational institutions fully funded by the state cannot provide religious instruction, preserving their secular character.
2. Religious Instruction in Endowed or Trust-Based Institutions: Institutions managed by the state but established through a trust or endowment may offer religious instruction if mandated by the endowment's terms.
3. Voluntary Participation: Students in institutions recognised or aided by the state are not required to participate in religious instruction or worship unless they or their guardians consent, safeguarding individual freedom.
4. Protection of Individual Religious Freedom:
Article 28 supports individual choice, allowing students to choose their level of participation in religious activities in certain institutions while maintaining secular standards in government-funded schools.
Eg - Case Reference - Aruna Roy v. Union of India (2002): A Public Interest Litigation (PIL) challenged the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCFSE) as anti-secular.
The court ruled that Article 28 was not violated, permitting the study of religious philosophy as part of a value-based educational framework without promoting specific religious teachings.
Purpose of Article 28: it upholds secularism in publicly funded educational institutions, allowing freedom of belief while respecting individual rights to participate—or not participate—in religious activities.
Now solve Practice Question based on above -
Q. With reference to
Article 28 of the Indian Constitution, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Educational institutions wholly maintained by State funds are not permitted to provide religious instruction.
2. Educational institutions administered by the State but established under a trust may impart religious instruction.
3. Students attending educational institutions receiving State aid must participate in religious instruction if provided by the institution.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article28
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
07 Nov, 05:55
Polity series - 20.
Goodmorning all,
Today we will read about
Article 27 which deals with Freedom from Payment of Taxes for Promotion of Any Religion.
Article 27 of the Indian Constitution ensures that no person is compelled to pay any tax specifically used for promoting or maintaining any particular religion or religious denomination.
This article upholds the principle of a secular state, protecting individuals from being forced to financially support religious activities through taxation.
Key points and examples include:
1. Prevention of Religious Funding via Taxation: Article 27 safeguards taxpayers by ensuring that public funds are not allocated to favor or promote any specific religion.
This provision promotes government neutrality in religious matters.
Some Imp Case laws - Sri Jagannath v. State of Orissa (1954): In this case, the court upheld a fee imposed on the religious institution, explaining that the annual contribution was a fee for administrative expenses, not a tax intended to promote religion, and thus did not violate Article 27.
Difference Between Tax and Fee: Taxes collected under Article 27 cannot be used to favor religious causes, but administrative fees may be charged for services, even if they involve religious institutions, as long as these fees support administration rather than religious promotion. Example - Nasima Khatun v. State of West Bengal (1981): Here, the Bengal Waqfs Act required contributions for educational purposes for economically disadvantaged students. The court ruled that this contribution was a fee, not a tax, thus falling outside Article 27.
Educational Content and Secular Instruction: Article 27 distinguishes between secular and religious education to prevent misuse of public funds for religious teaching. Example - P.M. Bhargava v. University Grants Commission (2004): The court held that the inclusion of Jyotish Vigyan (astrology) in a university curriculum was secular, not religious, making it permissible under Article 27.
Significance: Article 27 promotes secularism, ensuring the state does not endorse or advance any religion through taxpayers' money. This provision is vital in maintaining religious freedom, neutrality, and equality among all citizens.
Now solve a practice Question based on this -
Q. With reference to
‘Article -27’ of the Constitution, which of the following statement is/are correct?
1. Article 27 of the constitution provides that no person shall be compelled to pay any tax or fee for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious denomination.
2. The article would be violated if any tax collected in India were to be utilised for promotion and maintenance of any particular religious denomination.
Select the correct option using the code given below:
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. None of the above
Ans - B (Only 2)
No person is compelled to pay any tax specifically used for promoting or maintaining any particular religion or religious denomination.
Taxes collected under Article 27 cannot be used to favor religious causes, but administrative fees may be charged for services, even if they involve religious institutions, as long as these fees support administration rather than religious promotion.
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article27 #Freedomofreligion
Goodmorning all,
Today we will read about
Article 27 which deals with Freedom from Payment of Taxes for Promotion of Any Religion.
Article 27 of the Indian Constitution ensures that no person is compelled to pay any tax specifically used for promoting or maintaining any particular religion or religious denomination.
This article upholds the principle of a secular state, protecting individuals from being forced to financially support religious activities through taxation.
Key points and examples include:
1. Prevention of Religious Funding via Taxation: Article 27 safeguards taxpayers by ensuring that public funds are not allocated to favor or promote any specific religion.
This provision promotes government neutrality in religious matters.
Some Imp Case laws - Sri Jagannath v. State of Orissa (1954): In this case, the court upheld a fee imposed on the religious institution, explaining that the annual contribution was a fee for administrative expenses, not a tax intended to promote religion, and thus did not violate Article 27.
Difference Between Tax and Fee: Taxes collected under Article 27 cannot be used to favor religious causes, but administrative fees may be charged for services, even if they involve religious institutions, as long as these fees support administration rather than religious promotion. Example - Nasima Khatun v. State of West Bengal (1981): Here, the Bengal Waqfs Act required contributions for educational purposes for economically disadvantaged students. The court ruled that this contribution was a fee, not a tax, thus falling outside Article 27.
Educational Content and Secular Instruction: Article 27 distinguishes between secular and religious education to prevent misuse of public funds for religious teaching. Example - P.M. Bhargava v. University Grants Commission (2004): The court held that the inclusion of Jyotish Vigyan (astrology) in a university curriculum was secular, not religious, making it permissible under Article 27.
Significance: Article 27 promotes secularism, ensuring the state does not endorse or advance any religion through taxpayers' money. This provision is vital in maintaining religious freedom, neutrality, and equality among all citizens.
Now solve a practice Question based on this -
Q. With reference to
‘Article -27’ of the Constitution, which of the following statement is/are correct?
1. Article 27 of the constitution provides that no person shall be compelled to pay any tax or fee for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious denomination.
2. The article would be violated if any tax collected in India were to be utilised for promotion and maintenance of any particular religious denomination.
Select the correct option using the code given below:
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. None of the above
No person is compelled to pay any tax specifically used for promoting or maintaining any particular religion or religious denomination.
Taxes collected under Article 27 cannot be used to favor religious causes, but administrative fees may be charged for services, even if they involve religious institutions, as long as these fees support administration rather than religious promotion.
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article27 #Freedomofreligion
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
06 Nov, 07:10
Polity series - 19
Good afternoon all,
Todays topic - Article 26 which deals with the Freedom to Manage Religious Affairs
But before that, you need to know certain concepts and definitions-
1. Essential Religious Practices - it is a doctrine evolved by the court to protect only such religious practices which were essential and integral to religion.
The term “religion” will cover all rituals and practices “integral” to a religion and took upon itself the responsibility of determining the essential and non-essential practices of a religion.
For eg - SC lifted the ban that prevented women and girls between the age of 10 and 50 (mainly menstruating women) from entering the famous Ayyappa shrine in Kerala because it considered it as non essential practice and balanced freedom of religion with right to equality.
Another Eg - SC in 2019 gave directions for allowing Muslim women to enter mosques through the main door as it considered it as non essential practice and balanced freedom of religion with right to equality.
2. Religious Denominations (SP mittal case, 1993) - it should have
a. Common Organisation structure
b. Distinct Name
c. Group of individuals with shared set of beliefs.
Now Article 26 - It grants the freedom for every religious denomination or any section there of to manage its own religious affairs.
This includes:
1. Establishing and Maintaining Institutions: Religious groups have the right to set up and sustain institutions for religious and charitable purposes.
2. Managing Affairs: They can administer their religious matters freely, following essential religious practices.
3. Ownership and Acquisition of Property: Religious groups can own and acquire both movable and immovable property.
4. Administration: They are free to manage their properties according to the law.
Solve Practice Question based on this -
Q. Under Article 26 of the Indian Constitution, subject to public order, morality and health every religious denomination or any section thereof shall have the right:
A. To own and acquire movable and immovable property.
B. To manage its own affairs in matters of religion.
C. To establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes.
D. All of the above.
Ans - D
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article26 #essentialreligiouspractices #religiousdenominations
Good afternoon all,
Todays topic - Article 26 which deals with the Freedom to Manage Religious Affairs
But before that, you need to know certain concepts and definitions-
1. Essential Religious Practices - it is a doctrine evolved by the court to protect only such religious practices which were essential and integral to religion.
The term “religion” will cover all rituals and practices “integral” to a religion and took upon itself the responsibility of determining the essential and non-essential practices of a religion.
For eg - SC lifted the ban that prevented women and girls between the age of 10 and 50 (mainly menstruating women) from entering the famous Ayyappa shrine in Kerala because it considered it as non essential practice and balanced freedom of religion with right to equality.
Another Eg - SC in 2019 gave directions for allowing Muslim women to enter mosques through the main door as it considered it as non essential practice and balanced freedom of religion with right to equality.
2. Religious Denominations (SP mittal case, 1993) - it should have
a. Common Organisation structure
b. Distinct Name
c. Group of individuals with shared set of beliefs.
Now Article 26 - It grants the freedom for every religious denomination or any section there of to manage its own religious affairs.
This includes:
1. Establishing and Maintaining Institutions: Religious groups have the right to set up and sustain institutions for religious and charitable purposes.
2. Managing Affairs: They can administer their religious matters freely, following essential religious practices.
3. Ownership and Acquisition of Property: Religious groups can own and acquire both movable and immovable property.
4. Administration: They are free to manage their properties according to the law.
Solve Practice Question based on this -
Q. Under Article 26 of the Indian Constitution, subject to public order, morality and health every religious denomination or any section thereof shall have the right:
A. To own and acquire movable and immovable property.
B. To manage its own affairs in matters of religion.
C. To establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes.
D. All of the above.
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#article26 #essentialreligiouspractices #religiousdenominations
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
05 Nov, 07:35
Polity series -18
Good afternoon all,
Today we will learn about important article - Right to Freedom of Religion (Article - 25)
The Indian Constitution ensures the right to freedom of religion for both individuals and religious groups.
Key provisions include:
Article 25: Provides freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practice, and propagate religion, subject to public order, health, and morality.
Now solve a PYQ from 1981 Q. What does secularism mean ?
(a)State patronising all religions
(b)State having its own religion
(c)State having no official religion and citizens are free to follow any religion or faith
(d)State having one official religion and showing respect to all other religions
Ans - C
There's a Question for you all -
Tell us in comments -
Q. Difference between Profess, Practice and Propagate?
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#pyq1981 #article25 #freedomofreligion #secularism
Good afternoon all,
Today we will learn about important article - Right to Freedom of Religion (Article - 25)
The Indian Constitution ensures the right to freedom of religion for both individuals and religious groups.
Key provisions include:
Article 25: Provides freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practice, and propagate religion, subject to public order, health, and morality.
Now solve a PYQ from 1981 Q. What does secularism mean ?
(a)State patronising all religions
(b)State having its own religion
(c)State having no official religion and citizens are free to follow any religion or faith
(d)State having one official religion and showing respect to all other religions
There's a Question for you all -
Tell us in comments -
Q. Difference between Profess, Practice and Propagate?
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#pyq1981 #article25 #freedomofreligion #secularism
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
04 Nov, 06:42
Polity series - 17
Good morning, everyone!
Today, we’ll explore very simple but important article- Right Against Exploitation under the Constitution:
Article 23 prohibits human trafficking and begar (forced labor without payment), ensuring individuals are not exploited for labor against their will.
However, the state can mandate public service duties, like military enrollment during wartime, without discrimination based on religion, race, caste, or class etc.
Article 24 prohibits employing children under 14 in hazardous industries, mines, or factories, safeguarding them from dangerous labor environments.
For example, the Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 bans child labor in hazardous industries and regulates conditions for safe employment.
Now Solve PYQ from 2004 -
Q1. Which Article of the Constitution of India states, “No child below the age of 14 years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment”? (2004)
(a) Article 24
(b) Article 45
(c) Article 330
(d) Article 368
Ans: A
Try another one from 2017-
Q. Which of the following are envisaged by the Right against Exploitation in the Constitution of India?
1. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
2. Abolition of untouchability
3. Protection of the interests of minorities
4. Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans - C
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#pyq2004 #pyq2017 #rtagainstexploitation #article23 #article24
Good morning, everyone!
Today, we’ll explore very simple but important article- Right Against Exploitation under the Constitution:
Article 23 prohibits human trafficking and begar (forced labor without payment), ensuring individuals are not exploited for labor against their will.
However, the state can mandate public service duties, like military enrollment during wartime, without discrimination based on religion, race, caste, or class etc.
Article 24 prohibits employing children under 14 in hazardous industries, mines, or factories, safeguarding them from dangerous labor environments.
For example, the Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 bans child labor in hazardous industries and regulates conditions for safe employment.
Now Solve PYQ from 2004 -
Q1. Which Article of the Constitution of India states, “No child below the age of 14 years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment”? (2004)
(a) Article 24
(b) Article 45
(c) Article 330
(d) Article 368
Try another one from 2017-
Q. Which of the following are envisaged by the Right against Exploitation in the Constitution of India?
1. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
2. Abolition of untouchability
3. Protection of the interests of minorities
4. Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#pyq2004 #pyq2017 #rtagainstexploitation #article23 #article24
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
03 Nov, 16:53
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/%E2%80%8Bcore-correction-on-output-concerns/article68820100.ece
Excellent article.. Relevant to your prep. Not necessarily to essays, but found it insightful!
Excellent article.. Relevant to your prep. Not necessarily to essays, but found it insightful!
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
03 Nov, 03:57
https://t.me/GeographywithEDUKEMY/1635
From my Geography-Env channel. For GS & Optionals.
From my Geography-Env channel. For GS & Optionals.
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
03 Nov, 03:49
#S&T
Gm Gals and Boyz.
Some science and tech for u. 😊.
Look up
1. Calcium carbide release acetylene for ripening. It’s now banned by FSSAI
2. Ethephon. An organophosphorus pesticide. But classified as ‘growth hormone’. Releases natural ethylene for ripening. Approved by FSSAI for limited use.
But Ethephon is spray for ‘good looking fruits’.
Ethephon increases rate of anthocyanin synthesis that gives fruits their colour.
3. Ethephon can cause upper respiratory, neurological and liver problems. It can also cause cancers
🤦♀️🤦♀️🤦♀️.
Ab kya khaein!! What do we eat? Fruits for health is what we all learned growing up.
Gm Gals and Boyz.
Some science and tech for u. 😊.
Look up
1. Calcium carbide release acetylene for ripening. It’s now banned by FSSAI
2. Ethephon. An organophosphorus pesticide. But classified as ‘growth hormone’. Releases natural ethylene for ripening. Approved by FSSAI for limited use.
But Ethephon is spray for ‘good looking fruits’.
Ethephon increases rate of anthocyanin synthesis that gives fruits their colour.
3. Ethephon can cause upper respiratory, neurological and liver problems. It can also cause cancers
🤦♀️🤦♀️🤦♀️.
Ab kya khaein!! What do we eat? Fruits for health is what we all learned growing up.
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
02 Nov, 07:27
Additions on above post on Article 22 - in flowchart.
The above image represents a line from left to right - where before a crime(if there is a perception of threat of public order or prevention of crime, state may go for preventive detention and after a crime is being done, state goes for punitive detentions
The above image represents a line from left to right - where before a crime(if there is a perception of threat of public order or prevention of crime, state may go for preventive detention and after a crime is being done, state goes for punitive detentions
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
02 Nov, 07:15
Polity series - 16
Good afternoon all,
Today we will learn a very simple topic - Article 22.
Here's a concept about detentions -
Preventive detentions - detention before a crime.
Punitive detentions - detention after a crime.
Note -
Article 22(1) to 22(3) - Punitive Detentions.
Article 22(4) to 22(7) - Preventive detentions.
Now, Article 22 - it safeguards individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, against arbitrary arrest and detention.
Key Safeguards:
• Informed of Grounds (Article 22(1)): Anyone in custody must be informed of the reasons for their arrest and has the right to consult a lawyer.(Rt to be informed about grounds of arrest, Rt to consult Legal Practitioner)
• Presented to Magistrate (Article 22(2)): The detained person must be brought before a judicial magistrate within 24 hours of arrest. (Rt to be presented before judicial magistrate)
• Exceptions (Article 22(3)): These safeguards do not apply to:
• Enemy aliens & Persons detained under preventive detention laws.
Preventive Detention laws -
Article 22(4) - No law providing for preventive detention shall authorise the detention of a person for a longer period than 3 months unless an Advisory Board approves of it.
Article 22(5) - When a person is detained under preventive detention laws, the authority must inform them of the grounds for detention and provide the earliest opportunity to contest the order.
Article 22(6) - Authority is not required to disclose facts that they consider to be against the public interest
Article 22(7) - Parliament may by law specify conditions & types of cases where a person can be detained for more than three months under preventive detention laws without seeking an Advisory Board's opinion.
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Article22 #preventivedetentions #punitivedetentions
Good afternoon all,
Today we will learn a very simple topic - Article 22.
Here's a concept about detentions -
Preventive detentions - detention before a crime.
Punitive detentions - detention after a crime.
Note -
Article 22(1) to 22(3) - Punitive Detentions.
Article 22(4) to 22(7) - Preventive detentions.
Now, Article 22 - it safeguards individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, against arbitrary arrest and detention.
Key Safeguards:
• Informed of Grounds (Article 22(1)): Anyone in custody must be informed of the reasons for their arrest and has the right to consult a lawyer.(Rt to be informed about grounds of arrest, Rt to consult Legal Practitioner)
• Presented to Magistrate (Article 22(2)): The detained person must be brought before a judicial magistrate within 24 hours of arrest. (Rt to be presented before judicial magistrate)
• Exceptions (Article 22(3)): These safeguards do not apply to:
• Enemy aliens & Persons detained under preventive detention laws.
Preventive Detention laws -
Article 22(4) - No law providing for preventive detention shall authorise the detention of a person for a longer period than 3 months unless an Advisory Board approves of it.
Article 22(5) - When a person is detained under preventive detention laws, the authority must inform them of the grounds for detention and provide the earliest opportunity to contest the order.
Article 22(6) - Authority is not required to disclose facts that they consider to be against the public interest
Article 22(7) - Parliament may by law specify conditions & types of cases where a person can be detained for more than three months under preventive detention laws without seeking an Advisory Board's opinion.
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Article22 #preventivedetentions #punitivedetentions
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
01 Nov, 15:21
Did you all read this editorial. A good perspective of 6A
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/culture-and-society-the-hindu-editorial-on-upholding-section-6a-of-the-citizenship-act/article68779460.ece
We will discuss essay aspects of this in the other channel soon. Leaving it here as this has some good perspectives
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/culture-and-society-the-hindu-editorial-on-upholding-section-6a-of-the-citizenship-act/article68779460.ece
We will discuss essay aspects of this in the other channel soon. Leaving it here as this has some good perspectives
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
01 Nov, 06:29
Hi Gals and Boyz.
Happy Diwali.
Here is the compilation of polity for Sept.
I repeat. Don’t merely read this. Make ur notes. Jottings.
Do current affairs at months lag.
Do current affairs once a day in a week.
Don’t do current affairs everyday. It’s a waste a time
Happy Diwali.
Here is the compilation of polity for Sept.
I repeat. Don’t merely read this. Make ur notes. Jottings.
Do current affairs at months lag.
Do current affairs once a day in a week.
Don’t do current affairs everyday. It’s a waste a time
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
31 Oct, 05:18
Good morning all of you and wish you a happy and prosperous Deepawali🪔💫💥
As Deepawali is a festival of lights, Article 21 of Indian constitution acts as a guiding light of all our fundamental rights and it is heart of the fundamental rights.
So Lets start,
Article 21: Right to Life and Personal Liberty
The Text states that, “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law,” protecting both citizens and foreigners.
Key Rights:
1. Right to Life
2. Right to Personal Liberty
Significance:
1. Core of Fundamental Rights: Deemed the 'heart of fundamental rights' by the Supreme Court.
2. Protection Against State: Enforceable against State actions, not private individuals.
3. Right to Life: Extends beyond mere survival to include dignity, meaning, and quality of life.
4. State's Obligation: Any restriction must follow a fair and just legal process.
Article 21 has been expanded through Judicial case laws:
Landmark cases have broadened Article 21:
1. A.K. Gopalan (1950): Defined "procedure established by law" narrowly.
2. Maneka Gandhi (1978): Linked Articles 19 and 21, ensuring fair, non-arbitrary laws.(Due process of Law)
3. Olga Tellis (1985): Emphasized fairness and justice in procedures.(rt to shelter)
4. Unni Krishnan (1993): Expanded Article 21 to cover rights vital for dignity.
(Right to education as an implicit part)
Rights Covered Under Article 21 (as defined in various cases):
1. Right to Privacy
2. Right to Go Abroad
3. Right to Shelter
4. Right Against Solitary Confinement
5. Right to Social Justice & Economic Empowerment
6. Right Against Handcuffing
7. Right Against Custodial Death
8. Right Against Delayed Execution
9. Access to Medical Assistance
10. Right Against Public Hanging
11. Protection of Cultural Heritage
12. Right to Pollution-Free Water and Air
13. Right of Every Child to Full Development
These are some of the expanded and inferred rights under Article 21.
Now Solve very basic question on Article 21, which was asked in UPSC 2021 -
Q. ‘Right to Privacy’ is protected under which Article of the Constitution of India?
[A] Article 15
[B] Article 19
[C] Article 21
[D] Article 29
Answer - C
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Article21 #pyq2021 #Privacy #righttolife #righttopersonalliberty
As Deepawali is a festival of lights, Article 21 of Indian constitution acts as a guiding light of all our fundamental rights and it is heart of the fundamental rights.
So Lets start,
Article 21: Right to Life and Personal Liberty
The Text states that, “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law,” protecting both citizens and foreigners.
Key Rights:
1. Right to Life
2. Right to Personal Liberty
Significance:
1. Core of Fundamental Rights: Deemed the 'heart of fundamental rights' by the Supreme Court.
2. Protection Against State: Enforceable against State actions, not private individuals.
3. Right to Life: Extends beyond mere survival to include dignity, meaning, and quality of life.
4. State's Obligation: Any restriction must follow a fair and just legal process.
Article 21 has been expanded through Judicial case laws:
Landmark cases have broadened Article 21:
1. A.K. Gopalan (1950): Defined "procedure established by law" narrowly.
2. Maneka Gandhi (1978): Linked Articles 19 and 21, ensuring fair, non-arbitrary laws.(Due process of Law)
3. Olga Tellis (1985): Emphasized fairness and justice in procedures.(rt to shelter)
4. Unni Krishnan (1993): Expanded Article 21 to cover rights vital for dignity.
(Right to education as an implicit part)
Rights Covered Under Article 21 (as defined in various cases):
1. Right to Privacy
2. Right to Go Abroad
3. Right to Shelter
4. Right Against Solitary Confinement
5. Right to Social Justice & Economic Empowerment
6. Right Against Handcuffing
7. Right Against Custodial Death
8. Right Against Delayed Execution
9. Access to Medical Assistance
10. Right Against Public Hanging
11. Protection of Cultural Heritage
12. Right to Pollution-Free Water and Air
13. Right of Every Child to Full Development
These are some of the expanded and inferred rights under Article 21.
Now Solve very basic question on Article 21, which was asked in UPSC 2021 -
Q. ‘Right to Privacy’ is protected under which Article of the Constitution of India?
[A] Article 15
[B] Article 19
[C] Article 21
[D] Article 29
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Article21 #pyq2021 #Privacy #righttolife #righttopersonalliberty
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
30 Oct, 13:48
A wonderful article came up in our Essay room discussions.. A must for all of you to read and digest.. Many more interesting things will come out of this.. many more UPSC related topics that need a deep dive
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
30 Oct, 13:48
Navya , you posed this:
"The mis-alignment between what determines our fate and how we think of our identities have been a recipe for disaster"
What an amazing statement!!! and it has got so many layers to it. This will need some work unravelling.. And you all need to focus closely and stay with me as I do this..
This was mentioned in an Indian Express editorial I think , an analysis of Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan's lecture entitled “The World’s Unborn Soul” . He delivered this in the capacity of Professor of Eastern Religion and Ethics at the University of Oxford.
I'm so glad you all are reading editorials🗞, and going deep inside.. Not just skimming through. These are excellent habits.. 🧘♂️Keep it up! It will take you places..
Dr Radhakrishnan is an institution! In this lecture he was speaking about the unity of the world and the role of politics, global community, ethics and strategic convenience.
It many layers to explore. We will go one by one. Every layer is essay worthy and you will find a ton of topics from this one article..
I am sending you all the link to the article if you havent already read.. Have a read and we will talk about this
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/radhakrishnan-speech-oxford-pb-mehta-9550723/#:~:text=Attempts%20to%20bring%20about%20human,was%20a%20recipe%20for%20disaster.
"The mis-alignment between what determines our fate and how we think of our identities have been a recipe for disaster"
What an amazing statement!!! and it has got so many layers to it. This will need some work unravelling.. And you all need to focus closely and stay with me as I do this..
This was mentioned in an Indian Express editorial I think , an analysis of Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan's lecture entitled “The World’s Unborn Soul” . He delivered this in the capacity of Professor of Eastern Religion and Ethics at the University of Oxford.
I'm so glad you all are reading editorials🗞, and going deep inside.. Not just skimming through. These are excellent habits.. 🧘♂️Keep it up! It will take you places..
Dr Radhakrishnan is an institution! In this lecture he was speaking about the unity of the world and the role of politics, global community, ethics and strategic convenience.
It many layers to explore. We will go one by one. Every layer is essay worthy and you will find a ton of topics from this one article..
I am sending you all the link to the article if you havent already read.. Have a read and we will talk about this
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/radhakrishnan-speech-oxford-pb-mehta-9550723/#:~:text=Attempts%20to%20bring%20about%20human,was%20a%20recipe%20for%20disaster.
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
30 Oct, 08:15
Polity series- 14
Goodafternoon all,
Today will be a simple concept of Article 20.
Though UPSC has not touched it fully in prelims, it can be asked in upcoming prelims.
Article 20: Safeguards for Persons Accused of Crimes
it provides crucial protections for individuals accused of criminal offenses, safeguarding them from arbitrary and excessive punishment.
Key protections include:
1. No Ex-Post-Facto Law:
Article 20 prohibits punishment for an act that was not an offense when it was committed.
Laws cannot retroactively criminalize past actions, thus ensuring legal certainty and protecting individuals from sudden shifts in legal standards.
Example: If an act was legal in 2010 but criminalized in 2020, someone who committed the act in 2010 cannot be penalized under the 2020 law.
2. No Double Jeopardy:
Article 20 prevents individuals from being prosecuted and punished more than once for the same offense, adhering to the principle of finality in criminal justice.
Example: If a person is acquitted or convicted of theft once, they cannot face another trial and punishment for the same theft incident.
3. No Self-Incrimination:
Article 20 grants protection against compelled testimony that could incriminate the accused. Individuals cannot be forced to give oral or documentary evidence against themselves, securing their right to silence and personal autonomy.
Limitations: This protection does not cover the production of physical evidence, such as fingerprints, DNA samples, or bodily inspections.
Example: A suspect cannot be forced to confess or provide incriminating documents but may be required to give a fingerprint sample. However use of narco analysis etc is not allowed without consent of the accused as it is against rt to self incrimination.
These safeguards under Article 20 aligns with the principles of personal liberty, rule of law, and human dignity.
Now solve one practice question -
Q. Consider the following statements:
1. Article 20 of the constitution grants right against self-incrimination of the accused.
2. Use of narco analysis, brain-mapping by police is unconstitutional.
3. Article 22 of the constitution grants right against double jeopardy.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
A. Only 1 and 2
B. Only 1 and 3
C. Only 3
D. Only 2 and 3
Ans - A
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Article20 #rttosilence #Nodoublejeopardy #rttoselfincrimination
Goodafternoon all,
Today will be a simple concept of Article 20.
Though UPSC has not touched it fully in prelims, it can be asked in upcoming prelims.
Article 20: Safeguards for Persons Accused of Crimes
it provides crucial protections for individuals accused of criminal offenses, safeguarding them from arbitrary and excessive punishment.
Key protections include:
1. No Ex-Post-Facto Law:
Article 20 prohibits punishment for an act that was not an offense when it was committed.
Laws cannot retroactively criminalize past actions, thus ensuring legal certainty and protecting individuals from sudden shifts in legal standards.
Example: If an act was legal in 2010 but criminalized in 2020, someone who committed the act in 2010 cannot be penalized under the 2020 law.
2. No Double Jeopardy:
Article 20 prevents individuals from being prosecuted and punished more than once for the same offense, adhering to the principle of finality in criminal justice.
Example: If a person is acquitted or convicted of theft once, they cannot face another trial and punishment for the same theft incident.
3. No Self-Incrimination:
Article 20 grants protection against compelled testimony that could incriminate the accused. Individuals cannot be forced to give oral or documentary evidence against themselves, securing their right to silence and personal autonomy.
Limitations: This protection does not cover the production of physical evidence, such as fingerprints, DNA samples, or bodily inspections.
Example: A suspect cannot be forced to confess or provide incriminating documents but may be required to give a fingerprint sample. However use of narco analysis etc is not allowed without consent of the accused as it is against rt to self incrimination.
These safeguards under Article 20 aligns with the principles of personal liberty, rule of law, and human dignity.
Now solve one practice question -
Q. Consider the following statements:
1. Article 20 of the constitution grants right against self-incrimination of the accused.
2. Use of narco analysis, brain-mapping by police is unconstitutional.
3. Article 22 of the constitution grants right against double jeopardy.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
A. Only 1 and 2
B. Only 1 and 3
C. Only 3
D. Only 2 and 3
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Article20 #rttosilence #Nodoublejeopardy #rttoselfincrimination
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
29 Oct, 03:52
Polity series 13
Good morning all,
Hope you are all well and good.
Today we will learn about the concept of liberty.
So what is liberty? -
Liberty means the freedom to act or choose as one wishes, balanced by a sense of responsibility and societal framework. It signifies freedom from oppressive restrictions, allowing individuals to live and express themselves without undue interference.
Aspects of Liberty:
1. Liberty has two core dimensions:
Negative Liberty (freedom from interference)
Positive Liberty (freedom to pursue one's potential)
Negative Liberty: it Focuses on the zone of non-interference, ensuring individuals have an inviolable space free from external constraints.
It emphasizes "freedom from" obstacles or restraints, necessary for personal autonomy.
Believes individuals require areas where they can act without interference to preserve human dignity and self-expression.
In short - Protects from interference; emphasizes individual autonomy.
Examples - freedom of speech, Privacy rights etc
Positive Liberty:
It Centers on the ability to act according to one's free will and develop one’s potential and is concerned with "freedom to" achieve one’s goals and improve personal conditions.
it Recognizes that poverty, unemployment, and social barriers should not impede personal development or access to resources.
In short - Focuses on enabling conditions that empower individuals to develop fully
Examples - access to education, healthcare, and employment to foster individual capabilities.
Based on this, Try to solve UPSC PYQ from 2019 -
Q. In the context of polity, which one of the following would you accept as the most appropriate definition of liberty?
(a) Protection against the tyranny of political rulers
(b) Absence of restraints
(c) Opportunity to do whatever one likes
(d) Opportunity to develop oneself fully
Ans - D
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Article19 #pyq2019 #liberty #positiveliberty #negativeiberty
Good morning all,
Hope you are all well and good.
Today we will learn about the concept of liberty.
So what is liberty? -
Liberty means the freedom to act or choose as one wishes, balanced by a sense of responsibility and societal framework. It signifies freedom from oppressive restrictions, allowing individuals to live and express themselves without undue interference.
Aspects of Liberty:
1. Liberty has two core dimensions:
Negative Liberty (freedom from interference)
Positive Liberty (freedom to pursue one's potential)
Negative Liberty: it Focuses on the zone of non-interference, ensuring individuals have an inviolable space free from external constraints.
It emphasizes "freedom from" obstacles or restraints, necessary for personal autonomy.
Believes individuals require areas where they can act without interference to preserve human dignity and self-expression.
In short - Protects from interference; emphasizes individual autonomy.
Examples - freedom of speech, Privacy rights etc
Positive Liberty:
It Centers on the ability to act according to one's free will and develop one’s potential and is concerned with "freedom to" achieve one’s goals and improve personal conditions.
it Recognizes that poverty, unemployment, and social barriers should not impede personal development or access to resources.
In short - Focuses on enabling conditions that empower individuals to develop fully
Examples - access to education, healthcare, and employment to foster individual capabilities.
Based on this, Try to solve UPSC PYQ from 2019 -
Q. In the context of polity, which one of the following would you accept as the most appropriate definition of liberty?
(a) Protection against the tyranny of political rulers
(b) Absence of restraints
(c) Opportunity to do whatever one likes
(d) Opportunity to develop oneself fully
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Article19 #pyq2019 #liberty #positiveliberty #negativeiberty
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
25 Oct, 15:49
This geography optional pyq bank compiled thematically.
Hope this helps.
Hope this helps.
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
25 Oct, 13:34
Hi
Gals and Boyz.
This is ur current affairs summary of Economy topics for the month of Aug-Sept.
Remember what I told u.
1. Study thematic.
2. Don’t do CA everyday. Do it once a week. And do it in one sitting.
3. Make ur notes and jottings. DONT JUST READ. make ur summaries.
Stick with this process for 2-3 months and u will see how CA will get manageable.
Gals and Boyz.
This is ur current affairs summary of Economy topics for the month of Aug-Sept.
Remember what I told u.
1. Study thematic.
2. Don’t do CA everyday. Do it once a week. And do it in one sitting.
3. Make ur notes and jottings. DONT JUST READ. make ur summaries.
Stick with this process for 2-3 months and u will see how CA will get manageable.
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
25 Oct, 10:52
Polity series - 11
Good evening, everyone!
Today, let's dive into a straightforward yet vital topic: Article 17 – Abolition of Untouchability
What’s the deal with Article 17?
It completely abolishes untouchability in every form. And this is not just about communities; it’s even enforceable against private individuals!
Note: Neither the Constitution nor the Protection of Civil Rights Act of 1955 actually defines untouchability!
Important Case laws relatd to Untouchability -
Devarajan Case (1961): The Supreme Court ruled that Article 17 aims to end the horrible practice of treating people as "impure" simply because of their birth.
Appa Balu Ingale Case(1993): Here, the SC said untouchability is like hidden slavery, a dark legacy of the caste system. To really secure equality and a rule of law, it’s crucial to eradicate this system quickly!
Now solveUPSC 2020 Question -
Q. Which one of the following categores of Fundamental Rights includes protection against untouchability as discrimination?
A. Right against Exploitation
B. Right to Freedom
C. Right to Constitutional Remedies
D. Right to Equality
Answer: D (Right to Equality)
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Article17 #pyq #pyq2020 #abolishuntouchability
Good evening, everyone!
Today, let's dive into a straightforward yet vital topic: Article 17 – Abolition of Untouchability
What’s the deal with Article 17?
It completely abolishes untouchability in every form. And this is not just about communities; it’s even enforceable against private individuals!
Note: Neither the Constitution nor the Protection of Civil Rights Act of 1955 actually defines untouchability!
Important Case laws relatd to Untouchability -
Devarajan Case (1961): The Supreme Court ruled that Article 17 aims to end the horrible practice of treating people as "impure" simply because of their birth.
Appa Balu Ingale Case(1993): Here, the SC said untouchability is like hidden slavery, a dark legacy of the caste system. To really secure equality and a rule of law, it’s crucial to eradicate this system quickly!
Now solveUPSC 2020 Question -
Q. Which one of the following categores of Fundamental Rights includes protection against untouchability as discrimination?
A. Right against Exploitation
B. Right to Freedom
C. Right to Constitutional Remedies
D. Right to Equality
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Article17 #pyq #pyq2020 #abolishuntouchability
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
25 Oct, 06:50
https://www.youtube.com/live/KFOsdBHlonM?si=lZMeA2FmSLWRHHuk
Live Now!!
Live Now!!
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
24 Oct, 15:20
Hi gals and Boyz.
For a change engage with us on essays writing.
We are giving u a task on essays writing.
Look up this msg from my essays channel and see if u can write in.
It will good learning. We will give u feedback too.
😊😊
For a change engage with us on essays writing.
We are giving u a task on essays writing.
Look up this msg from my essays channel and see if u can write in.
It will good learning. We will give u feedback too.
😊😊
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
24 Oct, 09:51
Polity series - 10
Goodafternoon all,
Topic for today is Judicial Review.
Judicial review, as referenced in Article 13 of the Indian Constitution, refers to the power of the judiciary to assess and review executive actions and legislative laws, ensuring their conformity with the Constitution. While the judiciary can declare actions or laws unconstitutional, it does not provide alternative solutions or suggestions.
This concept originated in the U.S. Constitution and is implicitly present in the writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Article 32 and the High Courts under Article 226, specifically for the protection of fundamental rights. It’s important to note that the term "judicial review" is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
Article 13 emphasizes that the state cannot enact any law that diminishes, abolishes, or contradicts fundamental rights. If any law violates these conditions, the judiciary can employ judicial review to strike down such laws, rendering them null and void.
Recognizing its significance, the Supreme Court, in the landmark Keshavananda Bharti case (1973), held that judicial review is part of the basic structure of the Constitution, and this power cannot be curtailed, even by constitutional amendments.
Key points on Article 13:
Article 13(1): Pre-constitutional laws inconsistent with fundamental rights are void.
Article 13(2): The state cannot take away fundamental rights; laws that contravene them are void.
Article 13(3): Provides a definition of "law."
Now, let’s look at a UPSC Prelims PYQ from 2017:
Q. In India, Judicial Review implies:
a) The power of the Judiciary to pronounce upon the constitutionality of laws and executive orders.
b) The power of the Judiciary to question the wisdom of laws enacted by the Legislature.
c) The power of the Judiciary to review all legislative enactments before they are assented to by the President.
d) The power of the Judiciary to review its own judgments given earlier in similar or different cases.
Ans: a)
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#judicialreview #Article13 #basicstructure #pyq2017
Goodafternoon all,
Topic for today is Judicial Review.
Judicial review, as referenced in Article 13 of the Indian Constitution, refers to the power of the judiciary to assess and review executive actions and legislative laws, ensuring their conformity with the Constitution. While the judiciary can declare actions or laws unconstitutional, it does not provide alternative solutions or suggestions.
This concept originated in the U.S. Constitution and is implicitly present in the writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Article 32 and the High Courts under Article 226, specifically for the protection of fundamental rights. It’s important to note that the term "judicial review" is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
Article 13 emphasizes that the state cannot enact any law that diminishes, abolishes, or contradicts fundamental rights. If any law violates these conditions, the judiciary can employ judicial review to strike down such laws, rendering them null and void.
Recognizing its significance, the Supreme Court, in the landmark Keshavananda Bharti case (1973), held that judicial review is part of the basic structure of the Constitution, and this power cannot be curtailed, even by constitutional amendments.
Key points on Article 13:
Article 13(1): Pre-constitutional laws inconsistent with fundamental rights are void.
Article 13(2): The state cannot take away fundamental rights; laws that contravene them are void.
Article 13(3): Provides a definition of "law."
Now, let’s look at a UPSC Prelims PYQ from 2017:
Q. In India, Judicial Review implies:
a) The power of the Judiciary to pronounce upon the constitutionality of laws and executive orders.
b) The power of the Judiciary to question the wisdom of laws enacted by the Legislature.
c) The power of the Judiciary to review all legislative enactments before they are assented to by the President.
d) The power of the Judiciary to review its own judgments given earlier in similar or different cases.
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#judicialreview #Article13 #basicstructure #pyq2017
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
23 Oct, 10:38
#shabbirWithAnalysis&Details #SWAAD SERIES-3.
Current Affairs Article -
An approaching milestone in constitutional governance - A summary
Source - The Hindu
Date - 22nd Oct
Author - C. Raj Kumar
November 26 marks the 75th anniversary of the adoption of the Indian Constitution.
This occasion deserves celebration by every stakeholder in Indian democracy. Beyond just laws and regulations, it represents the development of a constitutional culture that resonates deeply across diverse cultures, faiths, and beliefs in India.
•Core Constitutional Values:
1.Respect for Democratic Institutions:
•Since its adoption in 1949, the Indian Constitution has fostered an enduring respect for democratic institutions.
•India’s rise in life expectancy from 32 years in 1949 to around 70 today showcases the role of progressive public policy.
•Indians continue to participate in elections in large numbers, with nearly 66% voter turnout in the 2024 general election.
•This faith in democracy reflects a core constitutional value that has stood the test of time.
2.Smooth Transition of Power:
•India's democracy is distinguished by the smooth transition of power after elections, irrespective of political ideology.
•While elections may be intense & sometimes divisive, the people’s will is respected, and power is peacefully transferred.
•This commitment to democratic transitions is a hallmark of India’s constitutional tradition.
3.Protection of Rights and Freedoms:
•The Constitution places immense importance on the protection of fundamental rights.
•The framers, who fought for India’s freedom, were wary of excessive state power and designed institutions like the judiciary to safeguard individual rights.
•This safeguarding of rights remains a vital constitutional value, continually evolving and strengthening.
4.Federalism:
•India’s federal structure was designed to accommodate the country's vast diversity, including linguistic and cultural pluralism.
•The rise of State-level political parties and the 73rd and 74th Amendments, which decentralized power to panchayats and urban local bodies, have deepened federalism.
•The Constitution promotes equity and inclusivity through special provisions for various regions, ensuring balanced development.
5.Role of Media and Civil Society:it play a crucial role in shaping India’s democracy by ensuring transparency and disseminating information.
•Despite challenges, media has empowered citizens to make informed choices, reflecting its contribution to democratic culture.
•Forging National Identity:
India’s Constitution has successfully united the country, proving wrong the early skeptics who doubted the viability of a single nation. It remains a guiding instrument for building national unity, fostering social conscience, and promoting political consciousness.
We celebrate 75 years of constitutional governance, an enduring testament to India's democratic values and social resilience.
Keytakeaways - Concepts/Keywords to use in GS for Answer writing.
1.Constitutional governance
2.Constitutional culture
3.Core Constitutional values
4.Democratic Institutions
5.Linguistic diversity
6.panchayati raj institutions
Importance of Keywords - We can say that Keywords makes an answer complete.
For example, In a question on DPSP, using terms like "welfare state" or "social justice", Article 37,38,39 etc to make your answer relevant and make a Polity answer.
(Generally students do mistake of writing vague answers, their opinions, interpretations in an answer rather than attending to demand of the question.
Further, students know the idea - what to write but do not know the concise, compact word.
Here Keywords comes to the rescue. it helps in:
1. Stay on topic and avoid irrelevant details.
2. Highlight important aspects.
3. Keep answers precise within the time & word limit.
In short, using the right keywords increases your chances of scoring higher.
So tell us this Question by liking this article -AA gaya swaad?
#UPSCcurrentaffairs #polity
#Mains2025
#UPSCfavorites #aagayaswaad
#Constitutionday #26november1949
Current Affairs Article -
An approaching milestone in constitutional governance - A summary
Source - The Hindu
Date - 22nd Oct
Author - C. Raj Kumar
November 26 marks the 75th anniversary of the adoption of the Indian Constitution.
This occasion deserves celebration by every stakeholder in Indian democracy. Beyond just laws and regulations, it represents the development of a constitutional culture that resonates deeply across diverse cultures, faiths, and beliefs in India.
•Core Constitutional Values:
1.Respect for Democratic Institutions:
•Since its adoption in 1949, the Indian Constitution has fostered an enduring respect for democratic institutions.
•India’s rise in life expectancy from 32 years in 1949 to around 70 today showcases the role of progressive public policy.
•Indians continue to participate in elections in large numbers, with nearly 66% voter turnout in the 2024 general election.
•This faith in democracy reflects a core constitutional value that has stood the test of time.
2.Smooth Transition of Power:
•India's democracy is distinguished by the smooth transition of power after elections, irrespective of political ideology.
•While elections may be intense & sometimes divisive, the people’s will is respected, and power is peacefully transferred.
•This commitment to democratic transitions is a hallmark of India’s constitutional tradition.
3.Protection of Rights and Freedoms:
•The Constitution places immense importance on the protection of fundamental rights.
•The framers, who fought for India’s freedom, were wary of excessive state power and designed institutions like the judiciary to safeguard individual rights.
•This safeguarding of rights remains a vital constitutional value, continually evolving and strengthening.
4.Federalism:
•India’s federal structure was designed to accommodate the country's vast diversity, including linguistic and cultural pluralism.
•The rise of State-level political parties and the 73rd and 74th Amendments, which decentralized power to panchayats and urban local bodies, have deepened federalism.
•The Constitution promotes equity and inclusivity through special provisions for various regions, ensuring balanced development.
5.Role of Media and Civil Society:it play a crucial role in shaping India’s democracy by ensuring transparency and disseminating information.
•Despite challenges, media has empowered citizens to make informed choices, reflecting its contribution to democratic culture.
•Forging National Identity:
India’s Constitution has successfully united the country, proving wrong the early skeptics who doubted the viability of a single nation. It remains a guiding instrument for building national unity, fostering social conscience, and promoting political consciousness.
We celebrate 75 years of constitutional governance, an enduring testament to India's democratic values and social resilience.
Keytakeaways - Concepts/Keywords to use in GS for Answer writing.
1.Constitutional governance
2.Constitutional culture
3.Core Constitutional values
4.Democratic Institutions
5.Linguistic diversity
6.panchayati raj institutions
Importance of Keywords - We can say that Keywords makes an answer complete.
For example, In a question on DPSP, using terms like "welfare state" or "social justice", Article 37,38,39 etc to make your answer relevant and make a Polity answer.
(Generally students do mistake of writing vague answers, their opinions, interpretations in an answer rather than attending to demand of the question.
Further, students know the idea - what to write but do not know the concise, compact word.
Here Keywords comes to the rescue. it helps in:
1. Stay on topic and avoid irrelevant details.
2. Highlight important aspects.
3. Keep answers precise within the time & word limit.
In short, using the right keywords increases your chances of scoring higher.
So tell us this Question by liking this article -
#Mains2025
#UPSCfavorites #aagayaswaad
#Constitutionday #26november1949
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
23 Oct, 07:04
Polity Series-9
Hello everyone, Hope you are well and fine.
Today, we will explore Article 14, which has two key components: Equality before Law and Equal Protection of Laws.
1. Equality Before Law
Concept: A negative concept, derived from the UK Constitution, which restricts the state from engaging in any arbitrary discrimination among individuals. It emphasizes that no one is above the law, ensuring the uniform application of laws.
Principle: There should be no special privileges in favor of or against any individual. All persons are subject to the ordinary laws of the land.
2. Equal Protection of Laws
Concept: A positive concept, borrowed from the US Constitution. It refers to equality of treatment under similar circumstances.
Principle: It recognizes that people in unequal circumstances should not be treated equally. The state can apply positive discrimination on a reasonable basis to ensure fairness.
Examples:
a. Progressive taxation: In India, those earning more than ₹30 lakhs are taxed at higher rates than those earning less than ₹10 lakhs.
b. Reservation policies: Socially and educationally backward groups are given certain benefits in education and employment to promote social justice.
However there are some
Exceptions to Article 14
Article 361: Grants certain privileges to the President and Governors.
Diplomatic Immunities: Diplomats enjoy legal immunity under international law.
Article 105 & Article 194: Provide privileges to MPs and MLAs, respectively.
Now, based on this knowledge, let's solve some previous year questions (PYQs):
2017
One of the implications of equality in society is the absence of:
(a) Privileges
(b) Restraints
(c) Competition
(d) Ideology
Answer: (a) Privileges
2004
List I
A. Article 14
B. Article 15
C. Article 16
D. Article 17
List II
1. The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any term.
2. The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or equal protection of the laws within India.
3. ‘Untouchability’ is abolished, and its practice is forbidden.
4. There shall be equality of opportunity in public employment.
Select the correct code:
(a) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
(b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
(c) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
(d) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
Answer: (c) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
You can comment your answers in this thread.
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Equalitybeforelaw #Article14 #Politypyqs #pyqs #pyq2017 #pyq2004
Hello everyone, Hope you are well and fine.
Today, we will explore Article 14, which has two key components: Equality before Law and Equal Protection of Laws.
1. Equality Before Law
Concept: A negative concept, derived from the UK Constitution, which restricts the state from engaging in any arbitrary discrimination among individuals. It emphasizes that no one is above the law, ensuring the uniform application of laws.
Principle: There should be no special privileges in favor of or against any individual. All persons are subject to the ordinary laws of the land.
2. Equal Protection of Laws
Concept: A positive concept, borrowed from the US Constitution. It refers to equality of treatment under similar circumstances.
Principle: It recognizes that people in unequal circumstances should not be treated equally. The state can apply positive discrimination on a reasonable basis to ensure fairness.
Examples:
a. Progressive taxation: In India, those earning more than ₹30 lakhs are taxed at higher rates than those earning less than ₹10 lakhs.
b. Reservation policies: Socially and educationally backward groups are given certain benefits in education and employment to promote social justice.
However there are some
Exceptions to Article 14
Article 361: Grants certain privileges to the President and Governors.
Diplomatic Immunities: Diplomats enjoy legal immunity under international law.
Article 105 & Article 194: Provide privileges to MPs and MLAs, respectively.
Now, based on this knowledge, let's solve some previous year questions (PYQs):
2017
One of the implications of equality in society is the absence of:
(a) Privileges
(b) Restraints
(c) Competition
(d) Ideology
2004
List I
A. Article 14
B. Article 15
C. Article 16
D. Article 17
List II
1. The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any term.
2. The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or equal protection of the laws within India.
3. ‘Untouchability’ is abolished, and its practice is forbidden.
4. There shall be equality of opportunity in public employment.
Select the correct code:
(a) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
(b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
(c) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
(d) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
You can comment your answers in this thread.
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Equalitybeforelaw #Article14 #Politypyqs #pyqs #pyq2017 #pyq2004
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
22 Oct, 09:28
Polity Series - 8
Good afternoon, everyone!
Today, we will delve into another important and frequently asked UPSC topic – the concept of Rule of Law. This concept holds great significance, and UPSC has asked about it twice in the 2018 exam.
Let's begin:
The Rule of Law originated in England and was introduced by A.V. Dicey. It encompasses several key principles:
1.Equality before the law – No individual is above the law; all are equal in its eyes.
2.No special privileges – There are no special rights or privileges for any individual or group.
3.Non-discrimination – No distinction is made on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, etc.
4.Fair trial – No one can be punished without a fair and just trial.
5.Protection of rights – It aims to safeguard political and civil rights of individuals.
6.Limitation of arbitrary power – The Rule of Law ensures that the executive cannot exercise unchecked or arbitrary powers.
In India, a part of this concept is embodied in Article 14 of the Constitution, which provides for Equality before Law.
Now, let's tackle a basic question related to Rule of Law, which was asked in the 2018 exam:
Q1. Which of the following are regarded as the main features of the "Rule of Law"? (2018)
1. Limitation of powers
2. Equality before law
3. People’s responsibility to the Government
4. Liberty and civil rights
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2, and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
Ans - C
Q2. “Rule of Law Index" is released by which of the following? (2018)
(a) Amnesty International
(b) International Court of Justice
(c) The office of UN Commissioner for Human Rights
(d) World Justice Project
Ans - D
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Ruleoflaw #Equalitybeforelaw #Article14 #Ruleoflawindex #cse2018 #Politypyqs #pyqs
Good afternoon, everyone!
Today, we will delve into another important and frequently asked UPSC topic – the concept of Rule of Law. This concept holds great significance, and UPSC has asked about it twice in the 2018 exam.
Let's begin:
The Rule of Law originated in England and was introduced by A.V. Dicey. It encompasses several key principles:
1.Equality before the law – No individual is above the law; all are equal in its eyes.
2.No special privileges – There are no special rights or privileges for any individual or group.
3.Non-discrimination – No distinction is made on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, etc.
4.Fair trial – No one can be punished without a fair and just trial.
5.Protection of rights – It aims to safeguard political and civil rights of individuals.
6.Limitation of arbitrary power – The Rule of Law ensures that the executive cannot exercise unchecked or arbitrary powers.
In India, a part of this concept is embodied in Article 14 of the Constitution, which provides for Equality before Law.
Now, let's tackle a basic question related to Rule of Law, which was asked in the 2018 exam:
Q1. Which of the following are regarded as the main features of the "Rule of Law"? (2018)
1. Limitation of powers
2. Equality before law
3. People’s responsibility to the Government
4. Liberty and civil rights
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2, and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
Q2. “Rule of Law Index" is released by which of the following? (2018)
(a) Amnesty International
(b) International Court of Justice
(c) The office of UN Commissioner for Human Rights
(d) World Justice Project
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#Ruleoflaw #Equalitybeforelaw #Article14 #Ruleoflawindex #cse2018 #Politypyqs #pyqs
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
21 Oct, 17:40
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Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
21 Oct, 17:34
From my Essays channel.
I had started with writing formats on essays pyq. Then I got irregular.
Trying to revive again.
I am ably supported by Deb. My friend. My partner at Edukemy.
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I had started with writing formats on essays pyq. Then I got irregular.
Trying to revive again.
I am ably supported by Deb. My friend. My partner at Edukemy.
Do let’s have some essays fun too.
Checkout my previous posts on essays too.
Sharing those links. 👇👇
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
21 Oct, 12:13
#prelims support-2
Hi all.
Gals and Boyz.
This video explains how you can analyse pyq.
Go subject by subject.
There are 6 core areas. Do the analysis of each of the core areas.
1. Geography
2. Environment
3. History
4.polity
5. Economy
6. Sc&Tech
U can download the blank analysis sheet on this url.
Download Sample Analysis Sheet: https://shorturl.at/syOdb
If u want us to share our analysis for comparison, pl fill up this form. We will mail that to u.
Edukemy's Analysis Sheet for all Subjects: http://surl.li/sleolv
Do this honestly. U will be surprised with what u discover.
Hi all.
Gals and Boyz.
This video explains how you can analyse pyq.
Go subject by subject.
There are 6 core areas. Do the analysis of each of the core areas.
1. Geography
2. Environment
3. History
4.polity
5. Economy
6. Sc&Tech
U can download the blank analysis sheet on this url.
Download Sample Analysis Sheet: https://shorturl.at/syOdb
If u want us to share our analysis for comparison, pl fill up this form. We will mail that to u.
Edukemy's Analysis Sheet for all Subjects: http://surl.li/sleolv
Do this honestly. U will be surprised with what u discover.
Shabbir’s Edukemy 4 IAS
21 Oct, 08:49
Polity Series - 7
Good afternoon all,
I Hope you are enjoying Polity series.
Today we will learn & apply concept of writs.
Why to study this topic?
The Concept of Writs is important for UPSC prelims and some writs have been UPSC favorites like Mandamus.
So,
What are Writs?
1. Writs are a written order from the Supreme Court or High Court that commands constitutional remedies for Indian Citizens against the violation of their fundamental rights.
2. The Supreme Court and High Courts have the authority to issue writs to uphold fundamental rights.
3. Further, the Territorial Jurisdiction of Supreme Court is broader than of a High Court.
4. However, High Courts writ jurisdiction is wider than Supreme Court as it can issue writs for both - Fundamental rights and Legal rights. (Compared to SC, who can issue writs just for fundamental rts)
5. The Indian Constitution provides five types of writs under Articles 32 and 226 to safeguard fundamental rights.
These writs are crucial tools for judicial review and enforce fundamental rights:
1. Habeas Corpus (To produce the body):
This writ is used to challenge unlawful detention. It compels authorities to present the detained person in court. Any person can approach the court for affected persons.
2. Mandamus (We command): This writ commands a public official or authority to perform a duty they are legally obligated to do but have failed or refused. it means it directs action.
3. Certiorari (To be informed):
It is issued by a higher court to quash the order or decision of a lower court or tribunal if it acted beyond its jurisdiction or violated the principles of natural justice.
it provides - prevention + cure
4. Prohibition (To forbid/prevent):
Issued by a higher court to prevent a lower court or tribunal from exceeding its jurisdiction. Unlike Mandamus, it directs inaction. Further it only provides prevention.
5. Quo Warranto (By what authority):
This writ challenges a person’s right to hold a public office. Any interested person can approach the court for issuing this writ.
Now apply above concepts and try to solve Prelims 2022 Question -
Q. With reference to the writs issued by the Courts in India, consider the following statements:
1. Mandamus will not lie against a private organization unless it is entrusted with a public duty.
2. Mandamus will not lie against a Company even though it may be a Government Company.
3. Any public minded person can be a petitioner to move the Court to obtain the writ of Quo Warranto.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans - C
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#writs #mandamus #habeascorpus #certiorari #prohibition #quowarranto
Good afternoon all,
I Hope you are enjoying Polity series.
Today we will learn & apply concept of writs.
Why to study this topic?
The Concept of Writs is important for UPSC prelims and some writs have been UPSC favorites like Mandamus.
So,
What are Writs?
1. Writs are a written order from the Supreme Court or High Court that commands constitutional remedies for Indian Citizens against the violation of their fundamental rights.
2. The Supreme Court and High Courts have the authority to issue writs to uphold fundamental rights.
3. Further, the Territorial Jurisdiction of Supreme Court is broader than of a High Court.
4. However, High Courts writ jurisdiction is wider than Supreme Court as it can issue writs for both - Fundamental rights and Legal rights. (Compared to SC, who can issue writs just for fundamental rts)
5. The Indian Constitution provides five types of writs under Articles 32 and 226 to safeguard fundamental rights.
These writs are crucial tools for judicial review and enforce fundamental rights:
1. Habeas Corpus (To produce the body):
This writ is used to challenge unlawful detention. It compels authorities to present the detained person in court. Any person can approach the court for affected persons.
2. Mandamus (We command): This writ commands a public official or authority to perform a duty they are legally obligated to do but have failed or refused. it means it directs action.
3. Certiorari (To be informed):
It is issued by a higher court to quash the order or decision of a lower court or tribunal if it acted beyond its jurisdiction or violated the principles of natural justice.
it provides - prevention + cure
4. Prohibition (To forbid/prevent):
Issued by a higher court to prevent a lower court or tribunal from exceeding its jurisdiction. Unlike Mandamus, it directs inaction. Further it only provides prevention.
5. Quo Warranto (By what authority):
This writ challenges a person’s right to hold a public office. Any interested person can approach the court for issuing this writ.
Now apply above concepts and try to solve Prelims 2022 Question -
Q. With reference to the writs issued by the Courts in India, consider the following statements:
1. Mandamus will not lie against a private organization unless it is entrusted with a public duty.
2. Mandamus will not lie against a Company even though it may be a Government Company.
3. Any public minded person can be a petitioner to move the Court to obtain the writ of Quo Warranto.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
#UPSCfavorites #prelims2025 #polity #politysimplified #PolityConceptsSimplified
#writs #mandamus #habeascorpus #certiorari #prohibition #quowarranto
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