Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs @currentaffairsshivajikale Channel on Telegram

Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

@currentaffairsshivajikale

Relevent information for UPSC Civil Service Exam by @Shivaji_Kale - Educator & Mentor, The Unique Academy, Pune, New Delhi & Mumbai.
Other Channel https://t.me/ShivajiKaleSociology

Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs (English)

Are you preparing for the UPSC Civil Service Exam and looking for relevant and up-to-date information to stay ahead of the competition? Look no further than the 'Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs' Telegram channel! Run by the esteemed educator and mentor, Shivaji Kale, from The Unique Academy in Pune, New Delhi, and Mumbai, this channel is a must-have resource for all aspirants. Shivaji Kale is known for his in-depth knowledge and expertise in current affairs, making him the perfect guide for students aiming to excel in the civil service exam. With regular updates on the latest happenings in politics, economy, environment, and more, you can trust Shivaji Kale to provide you with the most relevant information that will help you ace the exam. Whether you are a beginner looking to build a strong foundation or an experienced candidate aiming for the top ranks, the 'Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs' channel has something for everyone. Stay informed, stay prepared, and stay ahead of the curve with Shivaji Kale by joining this informative channel today! Don't miss out on this invaluable resource. Subscribe to the 'Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs' channel now and take the first step towards your dream of becoming a civil servant. Good luck!

Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

09 Feb, 04:09

About Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD):
 
●COPD is a common lung disease causing restricted airflow and breathing problems.

There are two main forms of COPD:
●Chronic bronchitis, which involves a long-term cough with mucus.
●Emphysema, which involves damage to the lungs over time.
Most people with COPD have a combination of both conditions.

●Causes: It's typically caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke.

Signs and symptoms:
●The most common symptoms of COPD are difficulty breathing, chronic cough (sometimes with phlegm) and feeling tired.
COPD symptoms can get worse quickly. These are called flare-ups. These usually last for a few days and often require additional medicine.
●People with COPD are at increased risk of developing heart disease, lung cancer and a variety of other conditions.

Treatment:
●COPD isn’t curable, but it can get better by not smoking, avoiding air pollution and getting vaccines.
●It can be treated with medicines, oxygen and pulmonary rehabilitation.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

09 Feb, 03:50

chahabar port
●chahabar is iran's oceanic port nearest to india. it is situated in sistan and baluchistan province, on the makran coast. it lies in the gulf of oman.
●chahabar port project has two main ports called the shahid kalantari port and the shahid beheshti port.
●iran had offered india the project of developing the shahid beheshti port which was well received by india
●In May 2016, India, Iran, and Afghanistan signed a trilateral agreement to establish the International Transport and Transit Corridor, also known as the Chabahar Agreement.
This agreement aimed to improve transportation and trade connectivity between the three countries by utilising the port of Chabahar in Iran as a key transit point.
●
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

08 Feb, 02:57

Again in news
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

08 Feb, 02:53

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2100813
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

08 Feb, 02:50

About BioE3 (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment and Employment) Policy:

●To be steered by the Department of Biotechnology, the policy is for fostering high-performance biomanufacturing.
●High-performance biomanufacturing is the ability to produce products from medicine to materials, address farming and food challenges, and promote manufacturing of bio-based products through the integration of advanced biotechnological processes.
●The policy seeks to include innovation-driven support for research and development and entrepreneurship across thematic sectors.
●This will accelerate technology development and commercialization by establishing biomanufacturing and bio-AI hubs and biofoundry.
●Along with prioritising regenerative bioeconomy models of green growth, this policy will facilitate the expansion of India’s skilled workforce and provide a surge in job creation.

To address the national priorities, the BioE3 Policy would broadly focus on the following strategic/thematic sectors:
◆high-value bio-based chemicals;
◆biopolymers and enzymes;
◆smart proteins and functional foods;
◆precision biotherapeutics;
◆climate resilient agriculture; carbon capture and its utilisation;
◆marine and space research.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

08 Feb, 02:40

About Mudumalai Tiger Reserve: 

●Location: It is located in the Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu state at the tri-junction of three states, viz, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
●The name Mudumalai means the ancient hill range because it is as old as 65 million years when the Western Ghats were formed.
●It has a common boundary with Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary (Kerala) on the West, and Bandipur Tiger Reserve (Karnataka) on the North.
●The Theppakadu elephant camp is a popular tourist attraction.
Vegetation: A variety of habitats ranging from tropical evergreen forest, moist deciduous forest, moist teak forest, dry teak forest, secondary grasslands and swamps are found here.
●Flora: The Reserve has tall grasses, commonly referred to as “Elephant Grass”, Bamboo of the giant variety, valuable timber species like Teak, Rosewood, etc.
●Fauna: Elephants, Gaur, Tiger, Panther, Spotted Deer, Barking Deer, Wild Boar, Porcupine etc. 
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

07 Feb, 17:46

MEA says it wants to recruit a record 110 Foreign Service officers over the next two years through UPSC
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

28 Jan, 02:57

About Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve (NNP&TR):

●It is located in the Changlang District of Arunachal Pradesh, surrounded by Myanmar on the Southeast. It is located at the junction of the Indian Sub-Continent Biogeographic Region and the Indo-China Biogeographic Region.
●This protected area is wedged between the Dapha Bum ridge of Mishmi Hills, of North Eastern Himalayas and the Patkai Ranges.
●It has a common boundary with Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary (Lohit District) and Nampong Forest Division on the south-western side (Changlang District) of Arunachal Pradesh.
●The park spans a wide altitudinal range from 200 m to 4,571 m at Dapha Bum, the highest point in the park.
●Namdapha is the name of a river which originates from Dapha Bum and meets the Noa-Dehing river (a tributary of the Brahmaputra River).This river flows right across in a North-South direction of the NNP&TR and hence the name Namdapha has been given.

●Vegetation: The Biomes recognized are evergreen Forests, Moist deciduous  forests, sub tropical forests, Temperate Forests and Alpine. 

●Flora:
As many as 150 timber species are found here, with species like Pinus Merkusi and Abies Delavavi being exclusive to the park.Blue Vanda, a rare and endangered orchard, is also found here.Then there are medicinal plants like Mishimi Teeta (Copti teeta), which is used by the local tribes to treat different types of diseases.

●Fauna:
It is only park in the World to have the four Feline species of big cat namely the Tiger, Leopard, Snow Leopard, and Clouded Leopard, and numbers of Lesser cats.It is also home to the distinctive Hoolock Gibbons, highly endangered and only ‘ape’ species found in India.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

28 Jan, 02:50

About Guillain-Barre Syndrome

●It's a neurological disorder in which the body's immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system. This is the part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord. It controls muscle movement, pain signals, and temperature and touch sensations.GBS is also called acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP).It can occur at any age, but it most commonly affects people between 30 and 50.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome Causes
●The exact cause of the disease remains unclear, but it is often observed following a viral or bacterial infection, vaccination, or major surgery.At such times, the immune system becomes hyperactive, leading to this rare condition.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome Symptoms
●Patients often begin with an unknown fever, followed by weakness and other nervous system-related symptoms. 
It can increase in intensity over a period of hours, days, or weeks until certain muscles cannot be used at all. Some cases of GBS are very mild and only marked by brief weakness. Others cause nearly devastating paralysis, leaving the person unable to breathe on their own.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome Treatment
●There is no known cure for this syndrome.
●The most commonly used treatment is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), which is made from donated blood that contains healthy antibodies.This helps calm down the immune system's attack on the nerves.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

28 Jan, 02:37

Royal Bengal Tiger

●The Bengal Tiger with the scientific name, Panthera tigris is the national animal of both India and Bangladesh. It is named as Royal Bengal Tiger as their natural habitat lies in the Bengal region. the main reasons for that are habitat degradation, poaching and human-animal conflict. There are many conservation efforts in action to protect the species like Project Tiger of 1973. Under the Project, Tiger Reserves have been established to provide a conserved environment to protect the tiger species.
●IUCN Red List: Endangered
●CITES: Appendix I
●Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

27 Jan, 17:15

Read: Ghost Island: कॅस्पियन समुद्रातील ‘भुताटकीचं बेट’ नेमकं कुठे नाहीस होतं?; नेमकं काय घडतंय?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/ghost-island-caspian-sea-disappearing-mystery-svs-89-4850382/
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184
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

27 Jan, 17:11

Read: Paraquat Poisoning : पॅराक्वॅट म्हणजे नेमकं काय? त्यामुळे विषबाधा कशी होते?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/what-is-paraquat-poisoning-kerla-women-greeshma-killed-her-boyfriend-sharon-raj-sdp-92-4850616/
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197
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

27 Jan, 17:04

Read: चीनच्या ‘कृत्रिम सूर्या’चा नवा विक्रम… ऊर्जा क्षेत्राला झळाळी देणारा हा ‘सौर’प्रयोग काय आहे?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/chinese-artificial-sun-generates-record-amount-of-energy-print-exp-zws-70-4852720/
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195
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

24 Jan, 03:34

Project 75 (I)

●This project envisages indigenous construction of submarines equipped with the state-of-the-art Air Independent Propulsion system at an estimated cost of Rs. 43,000 crore.
●Project 75 (I), approved in 2007, is part of the Indian Navy’s 30 year Plan for indigenous submarine construction.
●It will be the first under the strategic partnership model which was promulgated in 2017 to boost indigenous defence manufacturing.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

23 Jan, 17:19

Read: सहकारातून समृद्धीकडे…
https://www.loksatta.com/sampadkiya/columns/un-general-assembly-announces-the-2025-international-year-of-cooperatives-css-98-4842740/
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201
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

23 Jan, 17:13

Read: हे गुंतवणुकीचे नव्हे, फसवणुकीचे मार्ग
https://www.loksatta.com/sampadkiya/features/investors-duped-through-whatsapp-groups-and-fake-investment-apps-by-offer-double-returns-on-investment-zws-70-4842857/
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182
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

23 Jan, 17:08

Read: पाकिस्तानला मोठा धक्का; सिंधू जल कराराबाबत तज्ज्ञांची भारताला साथ, नेमके प्रकरण काय?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/neutral-experts-decision-on-indus-waters-treaty-is-a-win-for-india-rac-97-4843425/
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193
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

23 Jan, 03:35

National Health Mission (NHM)

●The National Health Mission (NHM) has significantly contributed to improving India’s public health, including lowering of the maternal mortality ratio, incidence of tuberculosis (TB), and sickle cell anaemia.
●NHM was launched by the government of India in 2013 subsuming the National Rural Health Mission (Launched in 2005) and the National Urban Health Mission (Launched in 2013).
●The main programmatic components include Health System Strengthening in rural and urban areas for - Reproductive-Maternal- Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A), and Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases.
●The NHM envisages achievement of universal access to equitable, affordable & quality health care services that are accountable and responsive to people's needs.

GOALS
●Reduce MMR to 1/1000 live births
●Reduce IMR to 25/1000 live births
●Reduce TFR to 2.1
●Prevention and reduction of anemia in women aged 15-49 years
●Prevent and reduce mortality and morbidity from communicable, non- communicable, injuries and emergency diseases
●Reduce household out-of-pocket expenditure on total health care expenditure
●Reduce annual incidence and mortality from Tuberculosis by half
●Reduce prevalence of Leprosy to <1/10000 population and incidence to zero in all districts
●Annual Malaria incidence to be <1/1000
●Less than 1percent microfilaria prevalence in all districts
●Kala-Azar Elimination by 2015, <1case per 10000 population in all blocks
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

23 Jan, 03:28

World Economic Forum:

●It was established in 1971 as a not-for-profit foundation by German engineer and economist Klaus Schwab. It was originally known as the European Management Forum.It introduced the concept of stakeholder capitalism.
●It engages organizations and leaders through dialogue, debate and commitments for action in the service of building more future-ready, resilient, inclusive and sustainable economies and societies.

Background:
●Events in 1973, namely the collapse of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate mechanism and the Arab-Israeli War, saw the Annual Meeting expand its focus from management to economic and social issues.
●Two years later, the organisation introduced a system of membership for ‘the 1,000 leading companies of the world’. 
In 1987, the European Management Forum formally became the World Economic Forum and sought to broaden its vision to include providing a platform for dialogue.
●In 2015 it was formally recognised as an international organization.

●Funding: The WEF is largely funded by its partnering corporations. These are generally global enterprises with annual turnover greater than $5 billion. 

●Reports published by the World Economic Forum: Global Competitiveness Report, Global Information Technology Report, Global Gender Gap Report, Global Risks Report, Global Travel and Tourism Report, Global Enabling Trade Report.
It has headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland and offices in New York and San Francisco in the United States, in Beijing, China and in Tokyo, Japan.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

22 Jan, 16:53

Read: तंत्रकारण : तंत्राधिष्ठित शिवनीती
https://www.loksatta.com/sampadkiya/columns/technology-use-by-chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-css-98-4840149/
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290
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

22 Jan, 16:47

Read: शिक्षण संस्था आणि उद्योगजगत यांचा समन्वय दोहोंच्याही फायद्याचा…
https://www.loksatta.com/sampadkiya/features/coordination-between-educational-institutions-and-industry-is-beneficial-for-both-mrj-95-4840259/
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279
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

12 Jan, 17:15

#portals_in_news #economy

  ‘BAANKNET’ e-auction portal

✔️ Ministry of Finance, launched revamped e-auction portal ‘Baanknet’.

✔️ This platform consolidates information on e-auction properties from all PSBs and offers a one-stop destination for buyers and investors to discover a wide range of assets.

✔️ The listings include residential properties such as flats, independent houses, and open plots, as well as commercial properties, industrial land and buildings, shops, vehicles, plant and machinery, agricultural and non-agricultural land
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

12 Jan, 06:19

सामाजिक न्याय विभागाने डीएनटी/एनटी/एसएनटीच्या विकास आणि कल्याणासाठी डीएनटीच्या आर्थिक सक्षमीकरणासाठी (सीड) योजना तयार केली आहे. माननीय सामाजिक न्याय आणि अधिकारिता मंत्र्यांनी 16 फेब्रुवारी 2022 रोजी या योजनेचा शुभारंभ केला.

योजनेची उद्दिष्टे पुढीलप्रमाणे :-

●डीएनटी उमेदवारांना स्पर्धा परीक्षांना बसण्यास सक्षम करण्यासाठी त्यांना चांगल्या गुणवत्तेचे प्रशिक्षण देणे.
●डीएनटी समुदायांना आरोग्य विमा प्रदान करणे.
●डीएनटी / एनटी / एसएनटी समुदाय संस्थांचे छोटे क्लस्टर तयार करण्यासाठी आणि बळकट करण्यासाठी समुदाय स्तरावर उपजीविका उपक्रम सुलभ करणे.
●डीएनटी समुदायाच्या सदस्यांना घरे बांधण्यासाठी आर्थिक मदत करणे.

योजनेची मार्गदर्शक तत्त्वे : 

सामान्य तत्त्वे:
●मंडळातर्फे ही योजना राबविण्यात येणार आहे. तथापि, बोर्ड या योजनेअंतर्गत कोणत्याही मुक्ततेसाठी एमओएसजेईच्या कार्यक्रम विभागामार्फत आयएफडीची संमती घेईल.

●या योजनेअंतर्गत लाभार्थ्यांची ओळख राज्य सरकार / केंद्रशासित प्रदेशांकडून केली जाईल जे लाभ घेण्यासाठी आवश्यक प्रमाणपत्र जारी करतील.
या योजनेअंतर्गत जिथे जिथे अॅडव्हान्स द्यायचे असतील, ते हप्त्यांमध्ये दिले जातील. मात्र, तसे झाल्यास प्रतिपूर्ती तत्त्वावर नियमानुसार विहित कागदपत्रे सादर केल्यानंतर पूर्ण रक्कम देण्यात येईल.

●"लास्ट माईल" पर्यंतच्या निधीचा संपूर्ण मागोवा घेण्यासाठी, सर्व अनुदानसंस्था पीएफएमएस पोर्टलचा वापर ईएटी / आरईएटी मॉड्यूल सुनिश्चित करण्यासाठी करतील. निधीचे वितरण आधार सक्षम पेमेंट प्रणालीद्वारे केले जाईल.
सर्व अनुदानित संस्थांना जीएफआर 2017 अंतर्गत विहित नमुन्यात उपयोगिता प्रमाणपत्र सादर करणे आवश्यक आहे. जीएफआर 2017 च्या नियम 230 (8) मधील तरतुदींनुसार, कोणत्याही अनुदानदार संस्थेला देण्यात येणारी मदत किंवा आगाऊ अनुदानापोटी मिळणारे सर्व व्याज किंवा इतर उत्पन्न खाती अंतिम झाल्यानंतर लगेचच भारताच्या एकत्रित निधीत पाठविणे बंधनकारक आहे.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

12 Jan, 06:16

The Department of Social Justice has formulated a Scheme namely, Scheme for Economic Empowerment of DNTs (SEED) for the Development and Welfare of DNT/NT/SNT. The Hon’ble Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment launched the Scheme on 16th February 2022.

The objectives of the Scheme are as follows:-
●To provide coaching of good quality for DNT candidates to enable them to appear in competitive examinations.
●To provide health insurance to DNT Communities.
●To facilitate livelihoods initiative at community level to build and strengthen small clusters of DNT/NT/SNT Communities institutions.
●To provide financial assistance for construction of houses to members of the DNT Communities.

Scheme Guidelines: 

General Principles:
●The scheme will be implemented by the Board. However, the Board will seek concurrence of the IFD through the Programme Division of MoSJE for any releases under the scheme.
The beneficiaries under the scheme will be identified by the State Government/UTs who shall issue necessary certificate for availing the benefits.
●Wherever, advances are required to be given under the scheme, it will be released into installments. However, if it is, on reimbursement basis, full amount will be released consequent upon production of documents as prescribed under the rules.
In order to ensure complete tracking of funds upto “last Mile”, all grantee organization will use PFMS portal ensuring EAT/REAT module. Disbursement of funds will be through Aadhaar Enabled Payment System.
●All the grantee organizations will be required submit Utilization Certificate in the prescribed format under GFR 2017. Further, as per the provisions of rule 230 (8) of GFR 2017, all interest or other earning against grant in aid or advances released to any grantee institution should be mandatorily remitted to the Consolidated Fund of India immediately after finalization of accounts.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

11 Jan, 17:42

UPSC CSE Mock Interview Program 2024

For details
https://www.instagram.com/p/DEsaawruOMI/?igsh=MTRnbGMzdXlvNGJjbQ==
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

11 Jan, 03:14

Read: डासांच्या निर्मूलनासाठी विषारी वीर्याचा वापर; त्यामुळे जीवघेण्या आजारांचा प्रसार कमी कसा होणार?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/toxic-semen-could-kill-female-mosquitoes-and-help-curb-spread-of-disease-rac-97-4818392/
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364
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

11 Jan, 03:10

Read: स्वदेशी बनावटीच्या ध्रुव हेलिकाॅप्टर्सचे वारंवार अपघात का होत आहेत?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/why-are-indigenously-made-dhruva-helicopters-frequently-involved-in-accidents-print-exp-amy-95-4818744/
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267
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

10 Jan, 03:09

Read: होम स्कुलिंग शिक्षण व्यवस्थेचे भविष्य ठरू शकेल का?
https://www.loksatta.com/sampadkiya/features/loksatta-vicharmanch-on-future-of-the-home-schooling-education-system-sud-02-4817093/
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267
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

10 Jan, 03:02

Read: तालिबानशी भारताची चर्चा; काय आहे उद्दिष्ट?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/india-move-to-engage-with-taliban-government-reasons-rac-97-4816017/
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210
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

10 Jan, 03:00

Read: Same Sex Marriage : समलैंगिक विवाहाबाबत पुनर्विचार याचिका सर्वोच्च न्यायालयाने फेटाळली; खंडपीठाने म्हटलं, “आम्हाला यात…”
https://www.loksatta.com/desh-videsh/ssame-sex-marriage-review-petition-dismiess-by-supreme-court-saysno-interference-is-warranted-sgk-96-4817117/
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

10 Jan, 02:45

Biotechnology
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

10 Jan, 02:40

About Z-Morh Tunnel:

●It is an under-construction 2-lane road tunnel between Gagangir and Sonamarg on the Srinagar-Leh Highway in Jammu and Kashmir.
●It is named for the Z-shaped stretch of road between Sonamarg and Gagangir that the tunnel will replace.
●Length: 6.5 km
●Elevation: 8,960 feet.
●The tunnel is designed for the flow of 1,000 vehicles an hour at an approved maximum speed of 80 km per hour.\

Importance:
●At 8,960 feet, tourist destination Sonmarg is covered in snow during the winter season, forcing locals to shift to Srinagar. 
●Z-Morh tunnel will ensure that Sonmarg town in Jammu & Kashmir remains connected as well as supplies are maintained all year round.
●It will ensure all-weather connectivity between Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir and Kargil in Ladakh.

●Strategic Importance: Along with the 14.15 km Zojila Tunnel to its east, it aims to enhance the Indian military’s capabilities in Kashmir and Ladakh along both the Line of Control (LOC) to the north and the Line of Actual Control (LAC) further east.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

09 Jan, 07:44

Read: Harappan Script: हडप्पाकालीन लिपी उलगडणं इतकं कठीण का आहे?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/tamil-nadu-cm-indus-script-decipher-reward-svs-89-4813436/
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275
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

06 Jan, 03:05

Read: सावित्रीबाई फुले यांनी अंगावर दगड, शेण झेलून मुलींसाठी शिक्षणाची दारं कशी उघडली?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/savitribai-phule-how-did-open-the-doors-of-education-women-and-girls-sdp-92-4808576/
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437
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

06 Jan, 02:48

http://t.me/iv?url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/school-enrolment-down-by-1-crore-from-2018-19-level-udise-explained-9761142/&rhash=1398b799d706ac
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

06 Jan, 02:43

Panchayat Se Parliament 2.0

The National Commission for Women and the Lok Sabha Secretariat, in collaboration with the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, are organizing the program "Panchayat Se Parliament 2.0" on 6th January 2025 at the Central Hall, Parliament of India. Around 500 elected women representatives from Scheduled Tribes in the Three-Tier Panchayati Raj Institutions across 24 states will gather to gain a deeper understanding of constitutional and democratic values.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

06 Jan, 02:38

Toda Tribe
● is a pastoral tribe of the Nilgiri Hills of southern India.
●The Toda language is Dravidian but is the most unusual and different among the languages belonging to the Dravidian family.
●They live in settlements of from three to seven small thatched houses.
●In the Toda language it is called pohor.
●The traditional Toda dress is a distinctive shawl which is called putukuli.
●The embroidery is done by Toda women and has distinctive red and black (and occasionally blue) thread work in geometric designs on unbleached white cotton fabric.It has got a GI tag
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

05 Jan, 14:16

#polity_constitution

Right to Property

✔️ Right to Property ceased to be a Fundamental Right by the Constitution (Forty-Fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, however, it continues to be a human right in a welfare State, and a constitutional right under Article 300-A of the Constitution.

✔️ Article 300-A of the Constitution provides that no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.

✔️ The State cannot dispossess a citizen of his property except in accordance with the procedure established by law,” a bench of Justices B R Gavai and K V Viswanathan said in its judgement.
➖➖➖➖➖
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

05 Jan, 06:18

Why in news?
In a new study, researchers in the U.S. have traced a cellular route the virus uses to traverse the inner and outer layers of skin and emerge onto the skin’s surface.

About Ebola
●It is caused by several species of viruses from the genus Ebolavirus, that are found primarily in sub-Saharan Africa.
●It gets its name from the Ebola River, which is near one of the villages in the Democratic Republic of Congo where the disease first appeared.

Transmission:
●Ebola isn’t as contagious as more common viruses like colds, influenza, or measles. 
●It spreads to people by contact with the skin or bodily fluids of an infected animal, like a monkey, chimp, or fruit bat.
●Then it moves from person to person in the same way. 
●Those who care for a sick person or bury someone who has died from the disease often get it.
●You can’t get Ebola from air, water, or food. A person who has Ebola but has no symptoms can’t spread the disease, either.
●There are occasional Ebola disease outbreaks in people, occurring primarily on the African continent.

Symptoms:
●Symptoms of Ebola can start two to 21 days after being infected by the virus.
●Symptoms start out flu-like but can progress to severe vomiting, bleeding, and neurological (brain and nerve) issues.

Treatment:
●There is no known treatment for Ebola, although experimental vaccines and therapeutics are being tested.
●Recovery seems to depend in part on how much virus a person was initially exposed to, how early treatment is started, and the patient's age and immune response. 
●Current therapy consists of maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance and the administration of blood and plasma to control bleeding.

Mortality:
●Mortality rates for EVD range from 25 percent to 90 percent, with an average of 50 percent.
●Death usually occurs as a result of shock due to fluid loss rather than blood loss.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

05 Jan, 06:06

Indian Naval Sailing Vessel (INSV) Tarini left Lyttelton Port in New Zealand on Saturday morning at about 9. 30 a.m. local time for Port Stanley in Falkland Islands in the third leg of the ongoing global circumnavigation journey by two woman Navy officers under Navika

What is INS Tarini?
●It is the second sailboat of Indian Navy after INSV Mhedi.
It is known for circumnavigating the globe with an all-women officer crew in the historic expedition titled 'Navika Sagar Parikrama' in 2017.
 
●What is the significance of Navika Sagar Parikrama?
The expedition, known as the Navika Sagar Parikrama, was the first-ever Indian circumnavigation of the globe by an all-women crew. During the interaction, the crew made a presentation on various aspects of the mission, their preparation, training, and experiences during the journey.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

05 Jan, 05:39

https://www.youtube.com/live/COR794pFdIo?si=kyrR_g55Hm2EAiE3
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

31 Dec, 03:31

Read: इस्रो इतिहास रचणार; अंतराळात जोडणार दोन स्पेसक्राफ्ट, ‘Spadex Mission’ भारतासाठी किती महत्त्वाचे?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/why-isro-docking-mission-today-is-critical-for-indias-space-ambitions-rac-97-4797731/
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180
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

31 Dec, 03:20

NASA’s pioneering Parker Solar Probe
●NASA’s pioneering Parker Solar Probe made history on December 24 when it flew closer to the sun than any other spacecraft, with its heat shield exposed to scorching temperatures topping 930 degrees Celsius.

About Parker Solar Probe
●It is a NASA spacecraft designed to study the Sun and its atmosphere.
●It was launched on August 12, 2018, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, and is currently orbiting the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit that takes it closer to the Sun than any previous spacecraft.
●The mission objectives of the Parker Solar Probe are to study the structure and dynamics of the Sun's corona, the Sun's magnetic field, and the solar wind.

Features:
●Mass: 685 kilograms at launch.
●Scientific Instruments: Fields Experiment(FIELDS), Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (ISIS), Wide Field Imager for Solar Probe (WISPR), Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons (SWEAP).
●Parker Solar Probe and its instruments are protected from the Sun by a 4.5-inch-thick (11.43 cm) carbon-composite shield, which can withstand temperatures reaching nearly 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit (1,377 Celsius).
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

31 Dec, 03:13

●The councillor of Chushul in Ladakh has questioned the relevance of a statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj that was installed by the Indian Army on the banks of the Panong Tso (lake) in eastern Ladakh

About Pangong Tso lake:
●It is one of the most famous lake in Leh Ladakh, derives its name from the Tibetan word, “Pangong Tso”, which means “high grassland lake”.
●It is also known as Pangong Lake which is a long narrow, endorheic (landlocked) lake situated at a height of more than 14,000 ft (4,350 meters) in the Ladakh Himalayas.
●It is the world's highest saltwater lake.
●India holds one-third of the 135 km-long boomerang-shaped Pangong lake.
●One-third of the Pangong Lake lies in India and the other two-thirds in China.
●It is also known to change colors, appearing blue, green, and red at different times.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

31 Dec, 03:06

Scorpene class submarines
●The Defence Ministry on Monday signed two contracts related to Scorpene class submarines worth ₹2,867 crore.
●The first contract is for the construction of the air independent propulsion module (AIP) developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), and its integration aboard. The second contract is for the integration of the electronic heavyweight torpedo being developed by the DRDO.

About Scorpene class submarines
●The Scorpene-class submarines are a class of diesel-electric attack submarines developed by the French company Naval Group (formerly DCNS). These submarines are designed for a wide range of missions, including anti-surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, intelligence gathering, and mine laying.

Key Features:
1. Stealth: Designed for reduced acoustic, magnetic, radar, and infrared signatures.
2. Attack Capabilities: Equipped with torpedoes and Exocet anti-ship missiles.
3. Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP): Can stay submerged longer, making it harder to detect. Indian submarines are being retrofitted with the AIP module.
4. Advanced Sonar and Sensors: For enhanced underwater situational awareness.

India’s Scorpene Submarines:
●The submarines are being built under Project-75 by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) in collaboration with Naval Group.
●INS Kalvari was the first Scorpene submarine inducted into the Indian Navy in 2017.

Current Status:India has six Scorpene-class submarines in service or under construction:
1. INS Kalvari
2. INS Khanderi
3. INS Karanj
4. INS Vela
5. INS Vagir
6. INS Vagsheer (under trials as of late 2023)
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

31 Dec, 02:54

#Gs1- salient features of Indian society - marriage system
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

31 Dec, 02:20

Space Docking Experiment (SPADEX)

Overview: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) mission on Monday.

About SpaDeX Mission

●SpaDeX mission, the ISRO aims to exhibit technologies needed for spacecraft rendezvous, docking, and undocking
using two small satellites which have been mastered by only an elite group of spacefaring nations.
●The Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) is a groundbreaking mission by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) aimed at developing autonomous space docking technology.
●The mission involves PSLV-C60 as the launch vehicle to demonstrate in-space docking technology using two small spacecraft: Chaser (SDX01) and Target (SDX02).
●This technology is a critical milestone for future lunar missions, the development of the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), and other advanced space endeavours.

Mission Overview
●Launch vehicle: PSLV-C60.

●Orbit: 470 km circular orbit at a 55-degree inclination.

●Separation dynamics:Target and Chaser spacecraft will separate with an initial velocity difference to achieve 10-20 km inter-satellite separation.Propulsion systems will be used to align both spacecraft into the same orbit, achieving Far Rendezvous.

●Docking and demonstration: After docking, the mission will demonstrate electrical power transfer before undocking for payload operations.
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

30 Dec, 04:29

Read: तुम्हीही इंजेक्शनला घाबरता? आता सुईशिवाय मिळणार इंजेक्शन; काय आहे वेदनारहित शॉक सिरिंज?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/iit-bombay-researchers-develop-painless-needle-free-shock-syringes-rac-97-4796203/
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272
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

30 Dec, 04:24

Read: २०२५ मध्ये मोठ्या धोक्याची चिंता? बर्ड फ्लू म्यूटेशनने जगभरात संकटाची स्थिती? वैज्ञानिकांनी वर्तवली भीती
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/why-bird-flu-could-be-the-biggest-health-problem-in-2025-rac-97-4796394/
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

30 Dec, 04:20

Read: बिल गेट्स यांची नवी भन्नाट कल्पना… हवेतून कार्बन ‘शोषण्या’साठी कोट्यवधी… काय आहे तंत्रज्ञान? ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगवर किती परिणामकारक?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/bill-gates-breakthrough-energy-ventures-technologies-to-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions-print-exp-css-98-4796784/
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

06 Dec, 07:08

https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/ratapani-mp-tiger-reserve-protected-areas-9708543/lite/
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

05 Dec, 15:48

https://youtu.be/ExRNGGlQxCM?si=85DHjjeAoyq8g8jw
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

05 Dec, 05:20

https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/massive-bleaching-of-corals-in-lakshadweep-moes-tells-parliament-101733340775069.html?s=35
298
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

05 Dec, 05:20

🛳 Indian Navy Day
      भारतीय नौसेना दिवस

Theme24: "Strength and Power through Innovation and Indigenisation" 

🛥To recognize the achievements and role of the Indian Navy to the country.

🛳 The Maratha Emperor, Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhosle of the 17th century is considered as “Father of the Indian Navy”.

🛳December was chosen as on that day in 1971, during Operation Trident, the Indian Navy sank four Pakistani vessels including PNS Khaibar, killing hundreds of Pakistani Navy personnel.

🛳On this day, those who martyred in the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 are also remembered.

🛳The Indian Navy is a maritime part of the Indian Army, which was established in 1612.

🟢 HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
CDS: Lt General Anil Chauhan
Air Chief: Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari
Army Chief: Manoj Pandey
Naval Chief: Admiral R. Hari Kumar
DRDO Chief: Samir V. Kamat
ITBP Head: Dr. Sujoy Lal Thaosen

     
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

04 Dec, 06:30

https://www.barandbench.com/news/if-men-menstruated-theyd-understand-supreme-court-madhya-pradesh-women-judges
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

03 Dec, 08:05

Summits & Conferences 2024

1. Olympic (2028) -Los Angeles, USA (34th)
2. BRICS(2024) - Kazan, Russia
3. G20(2024) - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
4. G7(2024) - Fasano in Apulia, Italy
5. COP29 (2024) - Baku, Azerbaijan
6. Asian Buddhist Summit - New Delhi
7. 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas - Bhubaneswar, Odisha
8. SCO Summit - Islamabad, Pakistan
9. 44th and 45th ASEAN Summits - Vientiane, Laos
10. 1st BIMSTEC Business Summit - New Delhi
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

03 Dec, 07:40

https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/40-years-after-tragedy-struck-bhopal-no-end-to-suffering-101733192752137.html
434
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

01 Dec, 14:44

CSAT question of MPSC😂😂
762
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

25 Nov, 16:20

Read: ‘Walking pneumonia’ काय आहे? जाणून घ्या या गंभीर आजाराची लक्षणे अन् उपाय…
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/delhi-sees-rise-in-walking-pneumonia-cases-what-is-it-rac-97-4731017/
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

25 Nov, 16:15

Read: COP29: ३०० अब्ज डॉलर्सची मदत भारताने नाकारली, वादग्रस्त हवामान करार नक्की काय? त्यावरून विकसनशील देश का संतापले?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/whats-the-controversial-300-billion-dollars-cop29-climate-deal-angered-india-rac-97-4733213/
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398
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

15 Nov, 18:34

https://search.app?link=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moneycontrol.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Faction-sowed-disunity-within-cadre-ias-officer-suspended-for-creating-religion-based-whatsapp-group-12864883.html%2Famp&utm_campaign=aga&utm_source=agsadl1%2Csh%2Fx%2Fgs%2Fm2%2F4
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

15 Nov, 05:31

https://youtu.be/2K9GsKHczZs?si=8ILfRSxHaudaHStE
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

09 Nov, 18:29

Read: इंटरसेक्स लोक कोण असतात? समाजात वावरताना त्यांना कोणत्या आव्हानांचा सामना करावा लागतो?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/who-are-intersex-people-why-they-face-challenges-rac-97-4695545/
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596
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

09 Nov, 18:23

Read: ‘PM Internship Scheme’ काय आहे? योजनेसाठी पात्रता काय? बेरोजगार तरुणांना या योजनेचा कसा मिळणार लाभ?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/what-is-the-prime-minister-internship-scheme-rac-97-4697676/
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498
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

09 Nov, 18:15

Read: डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प यांच्या विजयानंतर अमेरिकेतील महिलांचा लैंगिक संबंधास नकार; कारण काय? काय आहे 4B चळवळ?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/why-women-are-saying-no-to-sex-after-trumps-win-rac-97-4700450/
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437
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

08 Nov, 12:28

हार्पर ली लिखित 'टू किल अ मॉकिंगबर्ड' ही कादंबरी १९३० च्या दशकात अलाबामाराज्यातील मेकॉम्ब शहरात तरुण स्काऊट फिंच, तिचा भाऊ जेम आणि त्यांचे वडील अॅटिकस फिंच यांची कथा सांगते. टॉम रॉबिन्सन या कृष्णवर्णीय व्यक्तीवर गोऱ्या महिलेवर बलात्कार केल्याचा खोटा आरोप करून त्याचा बचाव करण्यासाठी अॅटिकस या वकिलाची नेमणूक करण्यात आली आहे. स्काऊटच्या निरागस नजरेतून शहरातील विविध पात्रांनी दाखविलेला अन्याय, पूर्वग्रह आणि धाडस आपण पाहतो. ही कथा वांशिक विषमता, नैतिक एकात्मता आणि करुणा या विषयांचा शोध घेते आणि सामाजिक दबाव असूनही योग्य गोष्टींसाठी उभे राहण्याचे महत्त्व अधोरेखित करते. this can use in ethics
314
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

05 Nov, 16:00

Read: China Silk Road weapon: चीनकडून ‘सिल्क रोड’ या ऐतिहासिक संकल्पनेचा शस्त्रासारखा वापर; भारतीय इतिहासकार कुठे चुकले?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/william-dalrymple-on-the-silk-road-how-china-uses-the-silk-road-as-a-strategic-weapon-svs-89-4691870/
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331
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

31 Oct, 16:31

Read: अग्रलेख : मध्यमवर्ग मेला तरी…
https://www.loksatta.com/sampadkiya/editorial/loksatta-editorial-on-india-s-economy-slowing-down-css-98-4683127/
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526
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

30 Oct, 16:46

Read: चतु:सूत्र : धर्मनिरपेक्षतेचा खडतर प्रवास
https://www.loksatta.com/sampadkiya/columns/constitution-of-india-a-tough-journey-of-secularism-in-india-css-98-4681621/
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Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

30 Oct, 16:32

Read: गरोदर महिला आणि मुलांसाठी ‘U-WIN Portal’ची सुरुवात; याचा कसा होणार फायदा?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/u-win-indias-new-online-vaccine-portal-for-pregnant-women-children-rac-97-4682473/
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150
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

29 Oct, 17:32

Read: प्राधान्य हवे महिला-मुलांच्या सुरक्षिततेला…
https://www.loksatta.com/sampadkiya/features/in-maharashtra-priority-should-be-given-by-state-government-to-woman-and-child-protection-css-98-4679486/
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293
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

29 Oct, 17:16

Read: ‘Aadhar Card’ला जन्म तारखेचा पुरावा मानण्यास सर्वोच्च न्यायालयाचा नकार; कारण काय? कोणती कागदपत्रे ग्राह्य धरली जाणार?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/sc-rules-that-aadhaar-cannot-be-used-as-proof-of-date-of-birth-rac-97-4678789/
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273
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

29 Oct, 17:11

Read: डिजिटल अटक ते रोमान्स स्कॅम : ऑनलाइन घोटाळ्यांना लोक कसे बळी पडत आहेत? काय आहेत फसवणुकीचे नवीन प्रकार?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/4-online-scams-targeted-towards-indians-in-recent-months-rac-97-4679738/
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254
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

29 Oct, 17:06

Read: 8,000-year-old dwelling found:८,००० वर्षांपूर्वीचे नवाश्मयुगीन शेतकऱ्याचं घर नेमका काय इतिहास सांगतं?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/a-house-from-8000-years-ago-found-in-serbia-belonged-to-the-first-sedentary-farmers-of-europe-svs-89-4679868/
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254
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

28 Oct, 18:08

Read: कमी झोपेमुळे मेंदू वेळेआधी वृद्ध होतो? नवीन अभ्यास काय सांगतो?
https://www.loksatta.com/explained/poor-sleep-make-your-brain-age-faster-rac-97-4677557/
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400
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

22 Oct, 04:55

Representation of marginalized communities (backward classes, SCs, STs, religious minorities) in higher judiciary is below 25%, and women constitute less than 15%.
624
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

21 Oct, 16:25

I recently received a spam link on Telegram from a friend's account and mistakenly logged in. As a result, similar spam messages were automatically sent to everyone in my contacts. Please DO NOT click on the link or log in if you receive a similar message. it's a phishing scam. Stay cautious, and be aware that Telegram can be vulnerable to such attacks, potentially compromising your data.

- Message from One of our students..
282
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

18 Oct, 17:48

•India’s HDI value (2023-24): 0.644 (Rank: 134/193).

•India's HDI increased by 48.4% from 0.434 in 1990 to 0.644 in 2022.

•LFPR (2022-23):Women: 28.3%, Men: 76.1%. India’s female LFPR is lower compared to neighbouring countries like China (53.6%), Bhutan (53.5%), and Bangladesh (39.2%).

•Gender gap in rural vs. urban areas:Rural female LFPR: 41.5% (2022-23), Urban: 25.4%.

•The richest 1% hold 21.7% of income, compared to Bangladesh (11.6%), China (15.7%), Bhutan (18.1%), and Nepal (9.7%). India’s inequality is higher than the world average (17.5%) and the South Asia average (19.6%).
418
Shivaji Kale - Current Affairs

18 Oct, 02:46

Congratulations Shubham Waikar for securing Rank 280 in CAPF - Assistant Commandant 2023 Exam.
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