1. Build Strong IT Fundamentals
Networking: Learn how data moves across the internet. Understand TCP/IP, DNS, HTTP/HTTPS, VPNs.
Certifications: CompTIA Network+.
Operating Systems: Focus on Linux (Kali, Ubuntu) and Windows. Learn to use the command line and basic system administration.
Programming/Scripting: Start with Python or Bash, which are critical for automating tasks and penetration testing.
Certifications: CompTIA A+.
2. Learn Cybersecurity Basics
Cybersecurity Principles: Study vulnerabilities, attacks, cryptography, and encryption methods.
Topics: Threats (e.g., malware, phishing), firewalls, IDS/IPS, SSL/TLS.
Tools: Wireshark, Nmap, Metasploit.
Ethical Hacking: Understand the hacker mindset to learn how to protect systems.
Certifications: CompTIA Security+ (great for beginners).
3. Dive Deeper into Core Cybersecurity Areas
Network Security: Firewalls, VPNs, IDS/IPS systems.
Application Security: Secure software development, OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities.
Cloud Security: Learn how cloud services (AWS, Azure) handle security. Cloud security is in demand.
Penetration Testing: Learn how to ethically exploit vulnerabilities. Use tools like Metasploit and Burp Suite.
Incident Response & Forensics: Learn how to analyze and respond to breaches.
4. Hands-On Practice and Tools
CTF Challenges: Use platforms like Hack The Box, TryHackMe to practice your skills in real-world scenarios.
Labs: Set up virtual machines (VMs) and networks to practice penetration testing and system hardening.
Bug Bounty Programs: Join platforms like HackerOne or Bugcrowd to find real-world vulnerabilities.
5. Specialize and Get Certified
Choose a cybersecurity focus:
Penetration Testing: Go deeper with OSCP (Offensive Security Certified Professional).
Cloud Security: AWS Certified Security, Azure Security Engineer.
Incident Response: GCIH (Certified Incident Handler).
Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC): CISM, CISSP.
6. Continuous Learning and Building a Portfolio
Certifications: Continue with advanced ones like CISSP, CEH, or CySA+.
Stay Updated: Follow security news, attend conferences (e.g., DEFCON), read blogs like KrebsOnSecurity.
Build a Portfolio: Contribute to GitHub, document your CTF solutions, or write a security blog to showcase your skills.