English notes for competitive exams📝📝

4. Delirium
Meaning in Hindi: ज्ञानशून्यि
Meaning in English: Mental illness caused by illness.

5. Epithet
Meaning in Hindi: उपाथध
Meaning in English: A phrase that refers to the character or quality of somebody or something.

6. Fiasco

Meaning in Hindi: असफलता
Meaning in English: A complete failure, especially a ludicrous or humiliating one

7. Neogamist
Meaning in Hindi :- नववाहत
Meaning in English :- Newly married

8. Obstetrician
Meaning in Hindi :- दाई
Meaning in English :- One expert in the delivery of women

9. Quixotic
Meaning in Hindi :- कल्पनायुत
Meaning in English :- Extremely idealistic; unrealistic and impractical

10. Xenophobia
Meaning in Hindi :- अंजान लोगों का डर
Meaning in English :- Intense dislike or fear of foreigners or strangers.

one word substitution for ssc exams

1. Altruist
Meaning in Hindi: परोपकारी
Meaning in English: A person who thinks unselfishly for others.

2. Braggart
Meaning in Hindi: डीींगमार
Meaning in English: A vain, boasting fellow

3. Chauffeur
Meaning in Hindi: ड्राइवर

Meaning in English: one, who is employed to drive a motor car

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💥💥💥one word substitution 💥💥💥

316. One who speaks for others - ………………………………..Spokesman / (CHSL,2012)
317. Soldiers who fight on horseback – …………………..…………………………………….Cavalry / (CHSL,2012)
318. Rebellion against lawful authority – …………………………………………………Mutiny / (CHSL,2012)
319. To officially take private property away to seize – ……………………………Confiscate / (CHSL,2012)
320. Someone having many skills – …………………………………………………….Versatile / (CHSL,2012)
321. Something which is imagined to be real but actually does not exist – ….Figment / (CHSL,2012)
322. Someone who scientifically studies the birds - ……Ornithologist / (CHSL,2012)
323. A person who cannot make a mistake –…………………..Infallible / (CGL T-1, 2012)
324. One who loves all mankind - …………………………………………………..Philanthropist / (CGL T-1, 2012)
325. One who is out to destroy the Government – …………………………………Anarchist / (CGL T-1, 2012)
326. Liable to be easily broken – ………………………………………………………………….Brittle / (CGL T-1, 2012)
327. One who eats human flesh – ……………………………………………………………Cannibal / (CGL T-1, 2012)
328. One who performs daring gymnastics feats – …………………………………………Acrobat / (FCI, 2012)
329. A list of books available in a library – ………………………………………………….Catalogue / (FCI, 2012)
330. A style in which a writer makes display of his knowledge –……………………Pedantic / (FCI, 2012)
331. To bite like a rat – ………………………………………………………………………………………Gnaw / (FCI, 2012)
332. A place of good climate for invalids – ………………………………………………Sanatorium / (FCI, 2012)
333. Speech for the first time – ………………………………………………………..Maiden speech / ण (CPO, 2012)
334. A woman with dark brown hair - …………………………Brunette / (CPO, 2012)
335. One who hates women – …………………………………………………………………Misogynist / - (CPO, 2012)
336. The study or collection of coins – …………………………………………………Numismatics / (CPO, 2012)
337. An office with a salary but no work –…………………………………………………..Sinecure / (CPO, 2012)
338. That which may be easily broken – ………………………………………………………….Brittle / (MTS, 2013)
339. Property inherited from one’s father or ancestors – ………………………Patrimony / (MTS, 2013)
340. Amount of money demanded by kidnappers –……………………Ransom / (MTS, 2013)
341. Easy to shape in any desired form – ………………………………………………….Malleable / (MTS, 2013)
342. A hater of women – …………………………………………………………………………Misogynist / (MTS, 2013)
343. A large burial ground – ………………………………………………………………………Cemetery / (MTS, 2013)
344. To supply land with water by artificial means – ……………………………………..Irrigate / (MTS, 2013)
345. A co-worker in an office or institution – …………………………………………….Colleague / (MTS, 2013)
346. A man who is quite like a woman – …………………………………………………Effeminate / ण (MTS, 2013)
347. One whose motive is merely to get money – …………………………………..Mercenary / (MTS, 2013)
348. The study of plant life – ………………………………………………………………………….Botany / (MTS, 2013)
349. Animals that live in water – ………………………………………………………………..Aquatic / (MTS, 2013)
350. Instrument that magnifies objects – ……………………………………………….Microscope / (MTS, 2013)
351. One who is unable to pay one’s debt – ………………………………………………Bankrupt / (MTS, 2013)
352. Exclusive possession or control of anything – …………………………………..Monopoly / (MTS, 2013)
353. The study of birds – ……………………………………………………………………….Ornithology / (MTS, 2013)

💥💥Phrases and idioms 💥💥
249. Got the sack – Dismissed from (Statistical Investigator, 2006)
250. Grease anybody’s palm – To give bribe (Stenographer, 2010)
251. Grease palms – To bribe someone (MT(NT), 2011) (CGL T-1, 2016)
252. Green thumb – To have a natural interest (SO(Audit), 2001)
253. Gut feeling – Strong instinct (based on feelings and emotions rather
than thought and reason) (CPO, 2015)
254. Had better – used for telling somebody what you think he ‘should’
do (CPO, 2012)
255. Hand in glove – In close relationship (FCI, 2012) (CHSL, 2012)
256. Hard and fast – Strict (SO(Audit), 2003)(CGL T-1, RE-2013)
257. Hard nut to crack – Difficult task (CHSL, 2011)
258. Hard of hearing – To be deaf (CGL T-1, 2016)
259. Has a bee in one’s bonnet – To be preoccupied or obsessed with
something (MTS, 2013)
260. Have a finger in every pie – To be meddlesome / To involved in a lot
of different activities and having influence over them (CHSL, 2015)
261. Have something up your sleeve – Have an alternate plan (CPO, 2013)
262. Have the last laugh – To be victorious at the end of an argument
(Statistical Investigator, 2005)
263. Heads will roll – Transfers will take place (SO(Audit), 2003)
264. Heart to heart talk – Frank talk (CHSL, 2011)
265. Helter-Skelter – In disorderly haste (Statistical Investigator, 2006)
266. Herculean task –A work requiring very great effort (Statistical
Investigator, 2006)
267. High and dry – Neglected/ To leave someone helpless (TA(IT & CE),
2008)
268. High handed – Using authority in an unreasonable way, overbearing
(CHSL, 2011)
269. Hobson’s choice – No real choice at all (TA(IT & CE), 2004)
270. Hold one’s horses – To keep waiting (CGL T-1, 2014)
271. Hold up – Delay (CGL T-1, 2016)
272. Hold water – Seem logical/ With logical backing / To stand up to
critical examination (CHSL, 2015) (CHSL, 2014)
273. Hold your tongue – To be silent (CHSL, 2012)
274. Hope against hope – Nurture an impossible hope (CGL T-1, 2016)
275. Horse sense – Basic common sense (CGL T-1,RE 2015)
276. Husband one’s resource – Save / Economical (CGL T-1, RE-2013)

Answers 👆👆

🤩Error detection answers🤩


Q13.As you know(a)/ by my visiting card(b)/ I am now(c)/ in Mumbai(d)/ No error(e).
Q14. With a fresh coat(a)/ of paint(b)/ the school can(c)/ look much nice(d)/ No error(e)
Q15. I asked the salesman(a)/ if I could exchange(b)/ the faulty
camera(c)/ with another one(d)/ No error(e)
Answers and Solutions:
S1 Ans. (b)
Sol. There is an error in the part (b). Instead of
‘much’, ‘more’ would be used. ‘More’ is the
comparative adjective for the positive degree
of the quantitative adjective ‘much’ and of the
numerical adjective ‘more’. Hence, option (b)
is the correct answer.
S2. Ans. (a)
Sol. There is an error in the part (a). Instead of
‘shall’, ‘will’ be used because generally ‘shall’
is not used with SECOND and THIRD
persons.
Jaunt- a short excursion or journey made for
pleasure.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
S3. Ans. (d)
Sol. There is an error in the part (d) of the
sentence. Instead of ‘his wife does’, ‘does his
wife’ should come.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
S4. Ans. (c)
Sol. The part (d) is erroneous. The usage of
‘yet’ is incorrect for ‘yet’ illustrates result
while the context of the sentence requires the
word to signify a condition which can be
fulfilled by words like ‘although’ or ‘though’.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
S5. Ans. (c)
Sol. The part (c) is erroneous for instead of
‘was’, ‘had’ should be used.
Sol: 6
A and B
‘Produced’ and ‘Is little’
Sol: 7
Only A
Pair should be replaced with pairing.
Sol8:1
A and C
‘Visit’ instead of ‘have visited’.
‘ have been’ instead of ‘had been’.
Sol9:
‘Held’ instead of ‘holding’.
‘Brought’ instead of ‘bought’.
Sol10: 1
A and D
‘Moving’ and ‘Overcrowding’ is the correct
word.
Ans: (e)
No error.
Ans12: (d)
We use aim at and not aim before. Aim agrees
with at (Prep.)
S13. Ans. (b)
by → from know follows from when the
source is recognised. know from
(Id.) : to know about something
Ans14: (d)
look much nice → look very nice. It should be
noted that very is used to modify positive
Adj.s
S15. Ans. (d)
another is an Indefinite Determiner which
means an additional person or thing. The use
of one after it is superfluous.

💥💥Phrases and idioms 💥💥
222. Get on nerves - Annoying (CGL T-1,RE 2015)
223. Get on well – Have a friendly relationship (FCI, 2012)
224. Get the sack – Be dismissed (CGL T-1, 2016) (SO(Audit), 2006)
225. Gift of the gab – Ability to speak impressively (Stenographer, 2010)
(CPO, 2011)
226. Gift of the gab – talent of speaking (DEO, 2008)
227. Give a hand with – To help with (CPO, 2012)
228. Give a wide berth to – To stay away from or avoid someone (CGL T-2,
2015)
229. Give and take – Adjustment / Willingness in relationship to accept
what somebody else wants and gives up some of what you want (CGL T-
2, 2013)
230. Give away - To distribute something(CGL T-2, 2015)
231. Give in – To agree to do something that you don’t want to do/ Yield
(MTS, 2013) (SO(Audit), 2005)
232. Give the game away – Give out the secret (SO(Audit), 2005)
(unintentionally) (CHSL, 2011)
233. Give vent to - Express (CGL T-1, RE-2013) (CPO, 2010)
234. Give way - Collapse (CGL T-2, 2014)
235. Giving a piece of one’s mind – Speak sharply / To disapprove (CHSL,
2013)
236. Go a long way – help considerably (DEO, 2008)
237. Go about – Go around / TO continue to do something (CHSL, 2013)
238. Go down the drain – Lose forever (Stenographer, 2010)
239. Go Dutch – Divide the cost (CGL T-1, 2015)
240. Go for the jugular – Attack all out / To attack somebody’s weaker
point during a discussion (CGL T-1, 2015)
241. Go haywire – Become out of control (CGL T-2, 2014)
242. Go out of one’s way – Do everything possible (CGL T-1, 2016)
243. Go scot-free – To escape without punishment (CHSL, 2011)
244. Go through fire and water – Undergo any risk (SO(Audit), 2005)
245. Go to the dogs – Ruin / to go to in very bad situation (CGL T-2, 2014)
(CHSL, 2014)
246. Go to the winds - Disappear (SO(CA), 2005)
247. Going places – Talented and successful (CGL T-1, 2014) (SO(Audit),
2003)
248. Good Samaritan – Helpful person (SO(Audit), 2007)

💥💥Error Detection💥💥
Part-1
Q1
Rohan can sing (a)/ much than eighties songs at a (b)/ stretch and he has developed (c)/ this ability by practising hard. (d)/ No Error (e)
Q2.
Shall Raghuveer and his friends like (a)/ to accompany us (b)/ in the jaunt which (c)/ we are going to undertake today. (d)/ No error (e)
Q3.
He doesn’t like (a)/ such disgusting (c) things, nor (c)/ his wife does (d)/ No error (e)
Q4.
He did not (a)/ succeed in the examination (b)/ yet he (c)/ worked hard (d)/ No Error (e)
Q5.
Mr. Chhabra disowned (a)/ his son only because (b)/ he was married (c)/ a girl from another religion (d)/ No Error (e)
Q6.
Across the three nations produce by Partition, (A) there was little consensus over what it means to live with Partition. (B) But there is a
shared feeling that Partition is at the heart of many (C) problems and behavioural reflexes. (D)
1. A and B
2. Only A
3. A and C
4. Only D
5. No error
Q7.
The pair of truth with non-violence suggests (A) that truth and war is not compatible. (B) This is why the threat of war at election time (C) is not good news for the practice ofconstitutional democracy. (D)
1. A and B
2. B and C
3. Only B
4. Only A
5. No error
Q8.
The victim is forced to have visited the court many times, (A) which tests her patience. Even cases (B) that are extensively covered by the (C) media had been dragging on for years.
(D)
1. A and C
2. C and D
3. Only A
4. A and D
5. No error
Q9.
People need to be holding (A) accountable and the (B) culprits must be (C) bought to book. (D)
1. A and B
2. A and D
3. C and D
4. Only A
5. No error
Q10.
The government could also consider move some (A) commercial establishments from south (B) Mumbai to other places, (C) as overcrowded is a problem in that area. (D)
1. A and D
2. A and B
3. Only A
4. Only D
5. No error
Q11.
Had he done (a)/his home work well (b)/he would not have (c)/suffered this embarrassment. (d)/No error (e).
Q12.
He was angry with me (a)/because he thought my (b)/remark was (c)/aimed before him.(d)/No error (e).

English notes for competitive exams📝📝 pinned «💥💥Phrases and idioms 💥💥 195. Feather your nest – To make yourself richer, especially by spending money on yourself that should be spent on something else (CGL T-2, 2015) 196. Fed up – Annoyed (SO(Audit), 2008) 197. Feel blue – In trouble / depressed…»

💥💥Phrases and idioms 💥💥
195. Feather your nest – To make yourself richer, especially by spending
money on yourself that should be spent on something else (CGL T-2,
2015)
196. Fed up – Annoyed (SO(Audit), 2008)
197. Feel blue – In trouble / depressed (Constable, 2013)
198. Feel one’s pulse – To find what one is thinking on some point (CPO,
2013)
199. Fell foul of – Got into trouble with (SO(Audit), 1997)
200. Fight shy of – To avoid someone/ something (CGL T-2, 2014)
201. Fight to the bitter end – To fight a losing battle (TA(IT & CE), 2009)
202. Fight tooth and nail – Fight with all strengths (CGL T-2, 2015)
(MT(NT), 2014)
203. Finish with something – Be through / To have something at the end /
To stop doing something (CPO, 2015)
204. Fish in troubled water – To make a profit out of troubled situation
(FCI, 2013)
205. Fish out of water – An uncomfortable position (CGL T-1, 2016)
206. Fit like a glove - Perfectly (CGL T-1, 2016)
207. Fits and starts – Not regularly (SO(Audit), 2008)
208. Flies off at a tangent – Start discussing something irrelevant (CPO,
2014)
209. Flogging a dead horse – Wasting time in useless effort (SO(Audit),
1997)
210. Floored – To surprise or confuse (CGL T-2, 2014)
211. Flying visit – Very short visit (CHSL, 2015)
212. Foam at the mouth - Angry (CGL T-1, RE-2013)
213. Follow one’s nose – To go straight ahead (CGL T-2, 2014)
214. For all intents and purposes - Practically (CGL T-1, 2016)
215. For better or worse - Always (CHSL, 2012)
216. For good - Permanently (CGL T-1, 2013) (Constable, 2013) (CHSL,
2014)
217. For keeps - Forever (CGL T-1, 2016)
218. From the bottom of one’s heart – To speak frankly (CHSL, 2012)
219. Gate crasher – Uninvited guest (CGL T-1, 2016)
220. Gerrymandering way – In a manipulative and unfair way (CGL T-1,
RE-2013)
221. Get down to business – To begin work seriously (CHSL, 2013)

💥💥One word substitution 💥💥
281. The process by which a person or an organization reduces the amount of money it spends –
……………………………………………………………….Budgeting / (CGL T-2, 2011)
282. A figure of speech by which a thing is spoken of as being that which it only resembles –
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..Simile / (CGL T-2, 2011)
283. Very dramatic – ………………………………………………………………………………..Histrionic / (CGL T-2, 2011)
284. To secretly store more than what is allowed – ……………………………………..Hoarding / (CGL T-2, 2011)
285. One who does not make mistakes –………………………Infallible / (CPO T-2, 2011)
286. A written statement about someone’s character, usually provided by an employer –
…………………………………………………………………………………………..Testimonial / (CPO T-2, 2011)
287. Parts of a country behind the coast or a river bank –……………Hinterland / (CPO T-2, 2011)
288. An abandoned child of unknown parents who is found by somebody –
……………………………………………………………………………………Foundling / (CPO T-2, 2011)
289. Art of writing for newspapers and magazines – ……………………………Journalism / (CPO T-2, 2011)
290. A person who gambles or bets – …………………………………………………………Punter / (CPO T-2, 2011)
291. Place that provide refuge – ………………………………………………………………..Asylum / ण (CPO T-2, 2011)
292. Doing something according to one’s own free will – ……………………Voluntary / (CPO T-2, 2011)
293. A foreigner who settles in a country – ………………………………………….Immigrant / (CPO T-2, 2011)
294. A small room in a big house, hotel, ship etc. where glasses, dishes, spoons food, etc. are kept -
………………………………………………………………………………………………Pantry / - (CPO T-2, 2011)
295. Government of the people, by the people and for the people – ……Democracy / (CHSL,2012)
296. Something that is difficult to believe –……………Incredible / (CHSL,2012)
297. The height of object above sea level – ………………………………………………….Altitude / (CHSL,2012)
298. Group of people living together in the same locality – ……………Neighbourhood / (CHSL,2012)
299. Always ready to attack or quarrel – …………………………………………………Aggressive / ण (CHSL,2012)
300. Fit to be eaten – ……………………………………………………………………………………..Edible / (CHSL,2012)
301. Unfair advantages for members of one’s own family – ……………………Nepotism / (CHSL,2012)
302. A proficient public speaker –……………………………………………………………..…….Orator / (CHSL,2012)
303. One who eats both vegetables and meat – …………………………..………Omnivorous / (CHSL,2012)
304. One who gains benefits from something – ……………………………………..Beneficiary / (CHSL,2012)
305. Spoken or done without preparation –………Extempore / (CHSL,2012)
306. Fluent and clear in speech – ………………………………………………………………Articulate / (CHSL,2012)
307. Through which light cannot pass – …………………………..………………………….Opaque / (CHSL,2012)
308. To write under a different name – …………………………………………………Pseudonym / (CHSL,2012)
309. A person who is well known in an unfavorable way – ……………………….Notorious / (CHSL,2012)
310. The first speech made by a person – …………………………………….Maiden Speech / ण (CHSL,2012)
311. A man having no hair on scalp - ………………………………………………………………..Bald / (CHSL,2012)
312. A man who wastes his money on luxury – ……………………………………..Extravagant / (CHSL,2012)
313. A geometrical figure with eight sides – ………………………………………………Octagon / (CHSL,2012)
314. To injure one’s reputation – …………………………………………………………………Defame / (CHSL,2012)
315. A man who does not know how to read or write – ………………………………Illiterate / (CHSL,2012)

💥💥💥Idioms and phrases 💥💥💥
169. Draw on fancy – Use imagination (SO(Audit), 2003)
170. Draw the line – To set a limit (CPO, 2015)
171. Dressing-down – To give scolding (CGL T-1, 2016)
172. Drive home - Emphasise (CGL T-1, 2016)
173. Dropping like flies – Collapsing in large numbers (CHSL, 2011)
174. Dropping names – Hinting at high connections/To mention famous
people you know or have met in order to impress others (TA(IT & CE),
2007)
175. Eat anyone’s salt – To be anyone’s guest (CGL T-2, 2012)
176. Eat humble pie – To say or show that you are sorry for the mistakes
committed by you (CPO, 2013) (CPO, 2015)
177. Eat like a horse – Eat a lot (CHSL, 2014)
178. Egg someone on – TO encourage somebody to do something (CGL T-
1, 2013)
179. Emerge out of thin air – Appear Suddenly (TA(IT & CE), 2006)
180. End in a fiasco –A Total/Utter failure (TA(IT & CE), 2007)
181. End in smoke – Come to nothing (CPO, 2012)
182. End up in something – Come to nothing/ Useless (CHSL, 2011)
183. Enough rope – Enough freedom for action (SO(Audit), 1997)
184. Evening of life – Old age (CGL T-1, 2016)
185. Every inch a gentleman - Entirely (CGL T-1, 2016)
186. Face the music – Accept the punishment (CGL T-1, 2013) (CGL T-1,
2016) (Stenographer, 2010) (SO(Audit), 1997) (CHSL, 2010)
187. Fair and square – Honest (SO(Audit), 2001)
188. Fair- weather friend – A friend that deserts in difficulties (TA(IT &
CE), 2006) (CGL T-1, 2016)
189. Fall back – To turn or move back (TA(IT & CE), 2008)
190. Fall flat – Fail to amuse people / Fail to produce intended effect
(CHSL, 2012)
191. Fall short – Fail to meet expectation/ have no effect (CHSL, 2011)
192. Fall through – To fail (TA(IT & CE), 2009)
193. Feather in one’s cap – A new and additional distinction (CGL T-1,
2016) (CGL T-2, 2014)
194. Feather one’s own nest – Make money in an improper way (CGL T-1,
2016)

💥💥💥Phrases and idioms 💥💥💥

141. Cool about working – Not tense about working / Reading to work
(CHSL, 2014)
142. Cool as cucumber – Not nervous or emotional (Stenographer, 2010)
143. Cool one’s heel – To keep waiting (CGL T-1, 2013)
144. Cope with - compromise (DEO, 2008)
145. Cordon off – Isolate / To stop people from getting into an area by
surrounding it with police (CHSL, 2013)
146. Couch potato – A person who prefers to watch television (CGL T-1,
2016)
147. Cross swords - Disagree (DEO, 2008
148. Cry over spilt milk – Cry over irreparable loss (Stenographer, 2011)
149. Curry favours – Seek favourable attention (CGL T-1, 2016)
150. Currying favour with – Ingratiating / trying too hard to get please
somebody (TA(IT & CE), 2008)
151. Cut a sorry figure – Make a poor impression (CGL T-1, 2016)
152. Cut and dry method - Honest (CGL T-1, 2014)
153. Cut coat according to one’s cloth – Live within your means (CGL,
2012)
154. Cut no ice – Had no influence (MT(NT), 2011) (TA(IT & CE), 2006)
155. Cut one off, without a shilling – Disinheriting / To expel from
fraternal property (TA(IT & CE), 2009)
156. Cut the guardian knot – Remove difficulty / To solve problem (CGL T-
1, 2013)
157. Dark horse – An unexpected winner (CHSL, 2010)
158. Die hard – unwilling to change (CHSL, 2012)
159. Die in harness – Die in service/ Die while working (CPO, 2012) (TA(IT
& CE), 2006)
160. Doctor the accounts – To manipulate the accounts (CHSL, 2010)
161. Does not hold water – Cannot be believed (SO(Audit), 2001)
162. Dog in a manger – A selfish person (CGL T-2, 2015)
163. Done for – Ruined (SO(CA), 2005)
164. Donkey’s year – A long time (CGL T-1, 2016) (CGL T-2, 2013)
165. Dot one’s I’s and cross one T’s – Be detailed and exact (CGL T-1, RE-
2013)
166. Down in the dumps – Sad and depressed (CGL T-1, RE-2013)
167. Drag one’s feet – Be reluctant to act (CGL T-1, 2016)
168. Draw a blank – Find no favour (CGL T-1, 2016)