✈️Aviation English

Today we've discussed the types of weapon that can be used by hijackers with one of my students.
And we've recollected the word "firearms".

By the way, what else can be used by hijackers?

"Fail-safe" is a technical term that can refer to a system or mechanism designed to continue functioning in the event of a problem.

E.g.
The landing gear system has a fail-safe design, ensuring it can still deploy even if the primary mechanism fails.

Engineers incorporated fail-safe mechanisms into the hydraulic system to provide backup control in emergencies.

The autopilot system includes a fail-safe mode that automatically disengages in the event of a malfunction.

Happy Saturday!
I have got a number of messages from a friend of mine concerning my previous posts about RTF.
He is doing his EASA ATPL course nowadays. He told me that British pilots tend
1)to use point instead of decimal
2)to say 35 hundred feet

Look) The previous posts were created in accordance with ICAO doc 9432 which regulates STANDARD RTF.
If the natives don't adhere to these rules, good riddance to them! https://aviation-is.better-than.tv/icaodocs/Doc%209432%20-%20Manual%20of%20Radiotelephony/DOC%209432%20-%204%20ed.%202007.pdf

Have you got a minute to spare?)
Read this captivating article.

Find one more minute to write down adjectives which can be used to describe the pilot's action.

https://www.sunnyskyz.com/good-news/5565/Pilot-Buys-Pizza-For-150-Passengers-After-Emergency-Landing-Leads-To-7-Hour-Delay

Aircraft materials which are targeted for upgraded fire resistance are thermoset resins for interior decorative panels, secondary composites, and adhesives, thermoplastics for decorative facings, telecommunication equipment, passenger service units, molded seat parts, transparencies, and electrical wiring.

ICAO Doc 9432. Manual of Radiotelephony.

SELCAL exam contains such a question " Why isn't the phrase "ready for takeoff" used nowadays?

This phrase is considered to be ambiguous. If a pilot uses the phrase "ready for take off" when he is at the holding point or before receiving clearance, it could lead to a misunderstanding or premature action, potentially causing dangerous situations.

Instead, pilots must use the phrase "ready for departure" to indicate their readiness.


So, the phrase "ready for take off" is prohibited in aviation radio phraseology to prevent confusion and enhance safety.
The term "take off" should only be used by ATC when giving the final clearance for departure (e.g., "Cleared for take off"). Using it prematurely can lead to miscommunication where a pilot might think they are cleared to depart when they are not.


Reasons for Prohibition:
Clearance Only: The term "take off" should only be used by ATC when giving the final clearance for departure (e.g., "Cleared for take off"). Using it prematurely can lead to miscommunication where a pilot might think they are cleared to depart when they are not.

The examples of the deadliest catastrophes in aviation because of the phrase "Ready for takeoff".

Tenerife Airport Disaster (1977):

The deadliest aviation accident in history involved two Boeing 747s at Tenerife North Airport. The KLM captain mistakenly thought he had take-off clearance after he heard "OK" from ATC, even though he had only received instructions to hold position. He announced "We are now at take off," and started the takeoff roll without proper clearance. This led to a collision with a Pan Am 747 still on the runway, killing 583 people. The misunderstanding around the use of the phrase "take off" contributed to the disaster.

Detroit Metro Airport (1990):

A Northwest Airlines DC-9 had received instructions to taxi and hold short of the runway, but the pilots used the phrase "ready for take off" during communication. Due to a misunderstanding, the plane entered the runway without clearance, leading to a runway incursion. Fortunately, no collision occurred, but this incident highlighted the dangers of using the phrase incorrectly.
Toronto Pearson International (2011):

A small aircraft pilot used the phrase "ready for take off" instead of "ready for departure" while waiting for take-off clearance. ATC misunderstood the request and began communicating with another aircraft, which almost resulted in a runway conflict. The error was caught just in time.

The plane's windscreen is designed to withstand strikes from birds during flight, ensuring the safety of the crew and passengers.

Aviation regulations require that a cockpit windscreen can withstand strikes from hail and debris without cracking.

Modern aircraft windscreens are built from reinforced glass and special materials to withstand strikes, even in extreme weather conditions."