Diksha's Learning Lab @updateforensic Channel on Telegram

Diksha's Learning Lab

@updateforensic


India's no 1 Forensic Science Network.

Diksha's Learning Lab (English)

Are you an aspiring forensic scientist looking to expand your knowledge and network with like-minded individuals? Look no further than Diksha's Learning Lab on Telegram! As the title suggests, this channel is all about learning and growing in the field of forensic science. Led by the knowledgeable Diksha, this channel offers a wealth of resources, updates, and discussions on the latest developments in the field. Diksha's Learning Lab provides a platform for individuals to connect with others who share a passion for forensic science. Whether you are a student, professional, or simply curious about the world of forensics, this channel welcomes you to join the conversation. With a community of members dedicated to learning and collaboration, you can enhance your skills and stay informed about the ever-evolving world of forensic science. As India's number one Forensic Science Network, Diksha's Learning Lab is at the forefront of promoting education and awareness in the field. From workshops and webinars to expert interviews and case studies, this channel offers a wide range of valuable content to help you stay informed and engaged. Whether you want to stay updated on the latest trends in forensic science or simply connect with fellow enthusiasts, Diksha's Learning Lab has something for everyone. Join Diksha's Learning Lab today and take your passion for forensic science to the next level. Expand your knowledge, network with industry professionals, and engage in meaningful discussions that will enhance your understanding of this fascinating field. Don't miss out on the opportunity to be part of India's premier Forensic Science Network - join Diksha's Learning Lab on Telegram now!

Diksha's Learning Lab

07 Jan, 13:13


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Diksha's Learning Lab

05 Jan, 15:03


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Diksha's Learning Lab

05 Jan, 14:58


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30 Dec, 15:56


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28 Dec, 15:06


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28 Dec, 15:05


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23 Dec, 18:01


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23 Dec, 18:01


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23 Dec, 11:07


William Herschel (1833โ€“1917)

William Herschel, a British officer serving in India, made significant contributions to the development of fingerprint science. He was among the first to document the practical use of fingerprints for personal identification.

Introduction of Fingerprints for Identification (1858):

While serving as a magistrate in Bengal, India, Herschel introduced the use of fingerprints on contracts and official documents to prevent fraud.

The practice began when he required a local businessman, Rajyadhar Konai, to place his fingerprint on a contract as a personal seal of authenticity.

Observation of Permanence:

Herschel noticed that fingerprints did not change over time.

He collected and compared his own fingerprints over several decades to confirm their permanence.

Use of Fingerprints in Criminal Cases:

Although primarily used for civil purposes, Herschelโ€™s work laid the groundwork for the use of fingerprints in criminal investigations.

Advocacy for Fingerprint Identification:

Herschel emphasized the uniqueness and reliability of fingerprints as a method of identification.


Impact on Modern Forensic Science

Herschel's observations about the uniqueness and immutability of fingerprints were pivotal for the development of forensic fingerprinting.

His methods inspired further research and applications, including the classification systems developed by Sir Francis Galton and Sir Edward Henry.
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Diksha's Learning Lab

22 Dec, 14:36


Forensic Science UGC NET Blueprint: Success Series. Lecture 1

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22 Dec, 13:57


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21 Dec, 15:16


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21 Dec, 15:14


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21 Dec, 05:57


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20 Dec, 09:16


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20 Dec, 07:13


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16 Dec, 14:42


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14 Dec, 14:58


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30 Nov, 08:37


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Diksha's Learning Lab

28 Nov, 12:40


Cardiac poisons are substances that primarily affect the heart, altering its normal rhythm, contractility, or conduction system. They can cause severe disturbances such as arrhythmias, myocardial damage, or even cardiac arrest.

Examples of Cardiac Poisons
Plant-Based Poisons:
Digitalis (Foxglove)
Oleander
Aconite (Monkshood)
Nerium
Cerebera thevetia (Yellow Oleander)

Animal Toxins:
Bufotoxins (Secreted by toads)

Drugs and Chemicals:
Beta-Blockers (e.g., Propranolol)
Calcium Channel Blockers (e.g., Verapamil)
Cyanide
Potassium salts

Other Poisons:
Carbon monoxide (causes hypoxia affecting the heart)
Organophosphates (insecticides, affecting acetylcholine levels)
Classification of Cardiac Poisons

Based on Source:
Natural Poisons: Plant and animal toxins.
Synthetic Poisons: Medications, chemicals, and industrial toxins.

Based on Mechanism of Action:
Arrhythmogenic Poisons: Disrupt cardiac rhythm (e.g., aconitine).
Myocardial Depressants: Decrease contractility (e.g., beta-blockers).
Electrolyte Altering Agents: Affect ion channels (e.g., potassium salts).
Hypoxic Agents: Reduce oxygen supply to the myocardium (e.g., cyanide).

Mode of Action
Cardiac poisons interfere with the normal physiological functions of the heart through one or more mechanisms:

Disruption of Ion Channels:
Sodium, potassium, and calcium ion channels are crucial for cardiac conduction and contractility. Poisons like aconitine alter these channels, causing arrhythmias.

Inhibition of Enzymes:
Cyanide inhibits cytochrome oxidase, halting cellular respiration and causing myocardial hypoxia.

Autonomic Nervous System Effects:
Organophosphates overstimulate acetylcholine, leading to bradycardia or cardiac arrest.

Myocardial Damage:
Direct toxic effects on the heart muscle (e.g., digoxin-induced toxicity).

Electrolyte Imbalance:
Excess potassium can disrupt cardiac rhythm and conduction.

Medicolegal Aspects
Homicide:
Intentional poisoning, particularly with easily accessible plant poisons like oleander or aconite.

Suicide:
Commonly observed with overdose of medications like digoxin or calcium channel blockers.

Accidental Poisoning:
Due to ingestion of contaminated food or accidental exposure to toxic plants.

Occupational Hazards:
Exposure to insecticides (organophosphates) in agricultural workers.

Legal Implications:
Detection and proof of poisoning are essential for criminal investigations, insurance claims, and lawsuits.

Forensic Toxicology Analysis
Sample Collection:
Biological Samples: Blood, urine, gastric lavage, tissues (liver, heart), and hair.
Non-Biological Samples: Suspected plant parts, vomitus, or residue.

Qualitative Tests:
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC): Screening for cardiac glycosides.
UV-Visible Spectrophotometry: Detection of aconitine.

Quantitative Tests:
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS): Identifies and quantifies volatile or non-volatile poisons.
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS): For digoxin and other cardiac drugs.

Histopathological Examination:
Examination of myocardial tissues for necrosis, fibrosis, or toxic effects.

Immunoassays:
For detecting digoxin, organophosphates, or beta-blockers.

Toxicological Interpretation:
Correlation of concentration with clinical symptoms to establish poisoning as the cause of death.

Diksha's Learning Lab

28 Nov, 12:29


Spinal Poison
Spinal poisons are toxic substances that primarily affect the spinal cord, disrupting its normal functions. These poisons interfere with neural transmission, causing paralysis, convulsions, or other motor and sensory impairments.

Classification and Types
Spinal poisons can be classified based on their mode of action and origin:
Stimulants: Induce hyperactivity in motor neurons.
Examples: Strychnine, Tetanus toxin.
Effect: Leads to spastic paralysis and convulsions.

Depressants: Suppress neural transmission, leading to flaccid paralysis.
Examples: Curare, Snake venom (neurotoxic types), Botulinum toxin.
Effect: Causes relaxation of muscles and respiratory failure.

Mixed Action: Affect both excitatory and inhibitory pathways depending on dose and exposure.
Examples: Organophosphates, Heavy metals (e.g., Lead, Mercury).

Mode of Action
Spinal poisons act by disrupting neurotransmitter pathways in the spinal cord:

Strychnine:
Blocks glycine receptors, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Causes excessive motor neuron excitation, leading to convulsions and opisthotonus.

Curare:
Blocks acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
Results in flaccid paralysis and eventual respiratory failure.

Tetanus Toxin:
Inhibits the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters (glycine and GABA).
Causes sustained muscle contraction and spasms.

Botulinum Toxin:
Prevents acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions.
Leads to muscle paralysis and respiratory arrest.

Medicolegal Aspect
Homicide: Spinal poisons, especially strychnine, are occasionally used in intentional poisonings due to their dramatic and specific effects.
Suicide: Rare but possible, particularly with accessible substances like pesticides containing organophosphates.
Accidental Poisoning: Exposure during industrial or agricultural work, such as contact with neurotoxic pesticides or toxins.
Symptoms: Convulsions, paralysis, or respiratory failure are key features guiding medicolegal investigations.

Forensic Toxicology Analysis
Detection and identification of spinal poisons involve several techniques:
Sample Collection:
Biological samples: Blood, urine, gastric lavage, spinal fluid, or post-mortem tissues (liver, kidney, brain).

Analytical Methods:
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS): For volatile compounds like strychnine.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): For detecting alkaloids and peptides like curare.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): For toxin-specific proteins (e.g., tetanus toxin).
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS): For heavy metal poisons.

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27 Nov, 09:58


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23 Nov, 09:18


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22 Nov, 14:07


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20 Nov, 14:21


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12 Nov, 18:08


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10 Nov, 06:16


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26 Sep, 14:12


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22 Sep, 12:08


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22 Sep, 07:26


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