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Ever struggled to remember the steps of the Urea Cycle? Worry no more! Here's a fun mnemonic to help you recall the intermediates effortlessly. Urea Cycle is a metabolic pathway in the liver that detoxifies ammonia by converting it into urea, which is then excreted through urine. #BiochemMadeEasy #ScienceLover #UreaCycle

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-00363-1

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https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(24)01343-6

Happy New Year from The Biomics!
As we step into a new year, let’s celebrate the beauty of life and its intricate connections, just like the complex web of biology. May your year ahead be as fascinating as the genetic code, as vibrant as blooming ecosystems, and as dynamic as the evolution of life itself.
Let’s continue exploring the wonders of biology together. Wishing you growth, discovery, and endless inspiration in 2025!

Day 7: DNA Replication MCQs bi0.in/mcq/62

To see how to attempt and check score visit bi0.in/mcq/help

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A 2020 study claiming hydroxychloroquine treated COVID-19 has been retracted over ethical issues and flawed data. Critics say it fueled misinformation, leading to harmful misuse of the drug. This highlights the danger of promoting unproven treatments during crises. #Science #COVID19

2024 Breakthrough of the Year: Injectable HIV Drug Lenacapavir

A long-lasting injectable drug, lenacapavir, has shown unprecedented success in preventing HIV infections. This novel medication works by targeting HIV's capsid protein, disrupting its ability to infect cells. Clinical trials revealed remarkable efficacy: 100% protection in African adolescent girls and women, and 99.9% in gender-diverse groups across four continents.

Lenacapavir's innovation lies in its ability to protect against HIV with a single injection every six months, offering hope to regions where existing prevention methods face challenges like stigma and inconsistent use. Regulatory approval is expected by 2025, with ongoing efforts to ensure affordability and access.

While not a replacement for a vaccine, lenacapavir could significantly reduce global HIV rates, marking a powerful step toward ending the epidemic.

https://www.science.org/content/article/breakthrough-2024#section_breakthrough

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🔬Cells Colliding 🧨

The video below show a cellular collision at the microscopic level... This important interplay of mechanical forces and signaling pathways help guide cellular interactions.

More specifically seen below are Lamellipodia, dynamic, sheet-like structures formed by the actin cytoskeleton at the leading edge of migrating cells. These specialized protrusions play a crucial role in cell motility, enabling processes like wound healing, immune responses, and cancer metastasis.

Key Features 🔑

1️⃣ Actin Polymerization: Lamellipodia are driven by rapid actin polymerization near the plasma membrane, forming a dense, branched network that pushes the cell's edge outward.

2️⃣ Directional Movement: These structures guide cells toward chemical or mechanical signals, a behavior known as chemotaxis or mechanotaxis.

3️⃣ Adhesion Coordination: They form transient adhesions to the extracellular matrix, anchoring the cell as it moves.

Why It Matters 📚

💉 Cancer Research: Aberrant lamellipodia activity can enhance cancer cell invasion and metastasis.

💊 Regenerative Medicine: Lamellipodia are vital in tissue repair, making them a target for therapies to accelerate healing.

🏥 Immune Function: Immune cells use lamellipodia to chase pathogens, emphasizing their importance in host defense.

Credit to Dylan Burnette on Twitter/X!

#Science #Healthcare #CellBiology #Research

Persistence of spike protein at the skull-meninges-brain axis may contribute to the neurological sequelae of COVID-19
#NeuroCovid
Lead by Ali Maximilian Ertürk: https://lnkd.in/ek6EauzN

This study states:
‘Visualization of viral tropism for Influenza virus H1N1 and for SARS-Cov-2 in mice. Spike protein was found near blood vessels in most organs, including the heart, lung, liver, kidney, intestine, thymus, spleen, pancreas, and brain. By contrast, the influenza H1N1 surface protein hemagglutinin (HA) was primarily detected in the liver and lung only.’

#covid #research

In a groundbreaking study, scientists have captured the ovulation process in real-time for the first time, using live imaging to visualize mouse ovarian follicles. The process, which occurs about 400 times in a woman's life, unfolds in three distinct phases: expansion, contraction, and release. This novel research illuminates ovulation’s intricate steps and its potential implications for fertility research.

During the first phase, follicle expansion, the team observed fluid accumulation driven by the secretion of hyaluronic acid. This caused follicles to swell significantly. Blocking hyaluronic acid production halted this growth, preventing ovulation entirely.

Next, the contraction phase revealed the vital role of smooth muscle cells surrounding the follicle. These cells orchestrated rhythmic contractions, crucial for egg release. When the contractions were inhibited, the follicles failed to rupture, again thwarting ovulation.

Finally, in the release phase, the follicle bulged outward and ruptured, ejecting the egg, cumulus cells, and follicular fluid. The expelled egg entered the fallopian tube, ready for potential fertilization. The ruptured follicle then transformed into the corpus luteum, a structure essential for progesterone production, preparing the uterus for embryo implantation.

“This visualization provides unprecedented insights,” said Melina Schuh, Max Planck Institute’s lead researcher. “It’s remarkable how the follicle independently manages these steps after an external trigger.”

The study, while performed in mice, paves the way for deeper understanding of human ovulation. By dissecting this process, researchers hope to address infertility and develop treatments to support conception.

PMCID: PMC11567896  PMID: 39415041

doi: 10.1038/s41556-024-01524-6

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We’re thrilled to announce that The Biomics is now on Twitter! 🌟 Follow us @TheBiomics for bite-sized science insights, fascinating discoveries, and engaging discussions.

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The correct answer is Using CaMV35S promoter-specific forward and GAPDH-specific reverse primer.
Concept:
To confirm the presence of a transgene in transgenic plants, you typically want to verify both the promoter and the gene of interest. In this case, the transgenic rice has the GAPDH gene under the control of the CaMV35S promoter.
Using CaMV35S promoter-specific forward and GAPDH-specific reverse primer: This approach allows you to amplify a fragment that includes both the promoter and the gene, confirming that the transgene is correctly integrated and being expressed in the rice plant. The forward primer will bind to the promoter region, and the reverse primer will bind to the GAPDH coding region, creating a PCR product only if both components are present.
Explanation:
1) Using exon-specific primers of the GAPDH gene: While this can confirm the presence of the GAPDH gene, it won't confirm that it is under the control of the CaMV35S promoter.
2) Using intron-specific primers of the GAPDH gene: If the GAPDH gene has introns and you use intron-specific primers, it might not work in a transgenic line where the gene is expressed as a cDNA without introns, leading to a lack of amplification.
3) Amplification of the promoter region of the GAPDH gene: This would only verify the presence of the promoter but wouldn’t confirm whether the GAPDH gene is present and functioning downstream of that promoter.
Thus, the best approach to confirm transgenic lines in this scenario is Using CaMV35S promoter-specific forward and GAPDH-specific reverse primer as it checks for both the promoter and the gene together.

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Bacterial Cytoskeleton PDF

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Direct PhD Admissions January 2025!

PhD Applications are invited from the meritorious students who have got a CGPA of 9.0 and above intheir BTech/BE/BDes/MSc from IITs, NITs, IIS, IISERs & CFTIs for admission to Direct PhD program at IITH with high value Institute Fellowships. GATE qualification is not mandatory.

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A Living Painting: This Painting is Made From Microbes

The microbes were grown on agar to create varied patterns. The organisms’ natural pigments were used to enhance the design.

Credit: Ana Tsitsishvili/ American Society for Microbiology

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#CRISPR #geneediting helps #brain #stemcells regain #youth in mice. Disabling a #gene involved in #metabolism rejuvenates cells’ ability to spin off new neurons.

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03177-9

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Students

6a) Applicants should be studying in one of the following:
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10) The applicant should include a write-up (in about 150‐250 words) as to the specific area of the applicant and indicate what the candidate would like to learn and achieve through this fellowship. It can also include the specific experiment or theory that the applicant wants to work on but NOT a general description of the area. The write-up should not be a "copy and paste" job from any source.

11) Do not use special/scientific characters like Ø Ü etc...as the software will prevent you from uploading the application with such characters.