Upsc chatur

Please read this document and add to ur notes

Suggested Service Preferences for UPSC CSE

1. IAS
2. IPS
3. IFS
4. IRS (C)
5. IRS (I)
6. IAAS
7. IRAS
8. ⁠IDES
8. DANICS (at 7th if north indian )
9. DANIPS
10. IRTS / IRPERSONNEL
11. IDAS
12. ICAS
13. IPoS
14. ICLS
15. IIS
16. IPoTFS
17. ITS
18. IRPF
19. PONDICS
20. PONDIPS
21. AFHQ

TEAM UPSC AKHADA

Be Mindful and Stay Calm

Don’t panic after seeing the notification. Instead, stay composed and focus on transitioning from Mains to Prelims mode with a clear plan and timetable.

With vacancies reduced to 979, the number of candidates clearing Prelims and Mains will also drop this year.

With only 80 days between Prelims and Mains, don’t limit yourself to just clearing Prelims.

Dedicate a few hours daily to Mains preparation for at least a month to maintain balance. (Focus on writing answers rather than just rote learning)

Neglecting Mains now, could cost you another year even if you clear prelims

Remember, everyone is in the same state and same stage—you just need to stay calmer and mindful to come out of the crowd and then everything else will fall into place.

https://youtu.be/HXy1Yfo6Zy4?si=FootjzeYo2cfJSm0

https://youtu.be/OZX60OxBi-Q?si=hJmNo7nqHJQxOctK

*Important:-*


Instruction in respect of uploading of Photograph while filling up online application
form :-
(a) The photograph, uploaded by candidate should not be more than 10 days old from the
start of the online application process (i.e. the application commencement date).
(b) Ensure that the name of candidate and the date on which the photograph was taken
are clearly mentioned on the photograph.
(c) The candidate’s face should occupy 3/4th of the space in the photograph.
(d) The candidates must ensure that their appearance must match with their photograph at
each stage of the Examination Process i.e. at the time of Preliminary, Main (Written) and
Interview/Personality Test. For instance, If a candidate uploads a bearded photograph, he
must appear with the same look in the Preliminary, Main (Written) and
Interview/Personality Test. Same would be the case with spectacles, moustaches, etc.

MOST IMPORTANT POINT Caste Certificate


Eligibility for Availing Reservation:
(1) A candidate will be eligible to get the benefit of community reservation only in case the particular
caste to which the candidate belongs is included in the list of reserved communities issued by the
Central Government.
(2) The OBC candidates applying for CSE-2025 must produce OBC (Non-Creamy Layer) certificate
based on the income for the Financial Year (FY) 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 and issued
Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply. on/after 01.04.2024 (after the completion of FY 2023-24) but not later than the closing date of the
Online Application Form for Civil Services Examination-2025 i.e. 11th February, 2025.
(3) A candidate will be eligible to get the benefit of the Economically Weaker Section reservation only
in case the candidate meets the criteria issued by the Central Government and is in possession of
requisite Income & Asset Certificate based on income for Financial Year (FY) 2023-2024 and issued
on/after 01.04.2024 (after the completion of FY 2023-24) but not later than the closing date of the
Online Application Form for Civil Services Examination-2025 i.e. 11th February, 2025.

Upsc chatur pinned Deleted message

"Zindagi बदलनी है? ये Self-Improvement की Reality सुनो" #shorts #viralvideo #trending
https://youtube.com/shorts/6SP3th86aRw?feature=share

Upsc chatur pinned Deleted message

Upsc chatur pinned Deleted message

UPSC NOTIFICATION 2025… Last date 11 Feb 2025

https://youtube.com/shorts/TF51kMd-G_4?si=5jz44YdMW8BD0_TP

Upsc chatur pinned «Satyagraha in Today's World: What UPSC Aspirants Can Learn #motivation #upsc #philosopher https://youtube.com/shorts/HJKsAz6FFmo?feature=share»

Satyagraha in Today's World: What UPSC Aspirants Can Learn #motivation #upsc #philosopher
https://youtube.com/shorts/HJKsAz6FFmo?feature=share

Upsc chatur pinned «https://youtube.com/shorts/H05U-Q5--JM?si=BTxPIkRPVAkZ9vAg»

https://youtube.com/shorts/H05U-Q5--JM?si=BTxPIkRPVAkZ9vAg

Name:- What's there in the Name( 5th attempt)
Date:- 8th jan
Board:- Dr. Dinesh Dasa
Optional:- PSIR
DAF Keywords:- Jaipur, Kabaddi, Cooking, Fitness-Nutrition, (Rest not asked)

Chairman:-
1. How r u?
2. Three significant things about Jaipur(I said one thing Kachori)
3. Pizza is available in ur village, then how to popularize kachori in one of Italy's village
(Gave them multiple options to do so)
(Looks satisfied) But sir added, Cuisine fairs, is it a good option (I said indeed sir)
M1
1. How to popularize kabaddi abroad
2. What if kabaddi players stayed there only? I said sports players have certain patriotism so they may not stay, but if one wants to stay, the right to liberty.
3. What do you cook, one dessert, (Alwar's Kalakand)
4. Fitness and sweet? What do u say
(Sir I taste it but in a balanced manner, too much may be harmful)
M2 (I think economics prof)
1. Which should be increased, if one has to be increased, direct or indirect tax
2. Why not indirect it is easy to implement.
3. Why not increase tax on salt? (Sir Gandhiji ko zinda karwaoge) (sir indirect tax is not good for the poor)
4. Inheritance tax and wealth tax should it be implemented?
(It can be sir, sound philosophy regarding it)
(More earning more assets, more tax)
((Chairman:- Arey jyada kamaana gunaah hai kya)) (sir more monetary power, more monetary responsibility)😁😁
M3
Can't remember exact questions
(But gist Regarding Trump vs Harris, next 4 years for India, how you can be Happy in these challenging times) (paper clear karwa do, ho jaayenge happy.😁😁)
M4
1. What is the meaning of extradition treaty,
2. Should India send Hasina back?
3. Which party will send her back, bjp, cong, or left front??

Overall experience:- Dinesh dasa ji, most jolly person, aapas me jada baat kr rahe the, most answers, opinion based thei, so no I don't know?
Mocks:- Samkalp🚩🚩🚩
next ias, upscprep, vajirao,
Lets hope for best, baaki bholebaba, yahan tak laaye hai aage bhi le jaayenge..
(Kuch q shayad bhul gaya)
Thanks community..👍👍

For those who couldn’t clear UPSC from Last many years

This is the list of 2023 UPSC CSE selected students and their past failures in the exam. This clearly shows how many years, attempts and other setbacks took them to finally reach where they’re today.
You never know what destiny has planned for you. Please have faith. Take your time to accept results. Don’t take any hasty decisions.
And at the end always remember “this shall too pass”🙏

https://chat.whatsapp.com/CCAN1z8dpuUIlJv4Sk3J7G

Name: Shivaji the boss
Key DAF details: graduation- economics and political science, MA political science,
profession:policy, ngo- education, content development
hobbies:reading fiction, comedy and contemporary affairs podcasts

Board: Shri Sheel Vardhan Singh sir
09.01.2025 forenoon session

Questions asked:

Chair:
1. What does the language used in stand up comedy tell us about the youth today?
2. Any recommendations tat are family friendly.
3. Also from the fiction world, recommendations.
4. As an IR student, plead your case as Zelenskyy, members on your left and right are trump and Putin,
5. Now you are, Putin and the roles have reversed.

Member 1:
1. What are the key factors of evaluation.
2. What is sentiment analysis
3. How must one understand and classify feedback to be positive, negative and neutral.
4. What do you understand my digital marketing.

Member 2:
1. What are your roles as a policy analyst?
2. How do you view the policy landscape of Rajasthan, up, Jharkhand, Bihar when it comes to women education?
3. In cpec, did Pakistan make a correction choice.
4. What is the discontent in Baluchistan based on?
5. What about the Haqqani network.

Member 3:
1. Why is economy dragged into political debates?
2. What is inflation management
3. How do you view inflation vis a vis the credit culture, what is the relation
4. How can we tackle price rise?

Member 4:
1. Different education models to solve problems of low teacher student ratio
2. How can we help women’s health through similar models
3. What policy solutions are needed to boost both health and education among women.

Interview concludes.

Very cordial board, a very interactive and purposeful conversation.

All the best to everyone!

🔆 Introduction to Indusfood 2025
📍 Objective
✅ Showcase India's growing food economy and connect global businesses with its F&B sector.
✅ Promote sustainable and integrated food systems.
📍 Significance
✅ Reflects India's position as a global hub for agricultural and processed food exports.
✅ Highlights the nation's 15 agro-climatic zones, diverse agricultural production, and booming food market.

Key Highlights of Indusfood 2025
📍 Event Overview
✅ Dates: January 8-10, 2025.
✅ Venue: India Exposition Mart Ltd, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar.
✅ Participation of 1,800 exhibitors from over 20 countries.
✅ Over 5,000 international buyers from 180+ nations.
✅ Collaboration with 100 supermarket chains and e-retailers.
📍 Major Attractions
✅ Transitioned to an integrated "farm-to-fork" trade show.
✅ Participation of 35 international chefs, 100 Indian delegates, and culinary professionals from Delhi NCR.

🔆 Events at Indusfood 2025
📍 Asian Presidents Forum
✅ Live cooking demonstrations and discussions by top Asian culinary leaders.
✅ Launch of the International Centre for Culinary Leadership.
📍 International Food Retail Conclave & CEO Forum
✅ Dialogues on market access, procurement strategies, and investment opportunities.
✅ Panels with global retail chains, e-commerce experts, and HORECA specialists.
📍 Indusfood Innovation Awards
✅ Celebrates innovative F&B products with international expert panels recognizing achievements.
📍 Sustainable Food Manufacturing Summit
✅ Showcases technological advancements and promotes collaboration for sustainable food manufacturing.
📍 Global Food Security Conclave
✅ Discussions on sustainable agriculture, precision farming, and reducing food waste.
📍 Global Biosecurity & Standards Conclave
✅ Focuses on food safety, crop disease management, and harmonized standards under G-20 initiatives.

🔆 Growth of Indusfood
📍 Trajectory Since 2017
✅ Began with 320 exhibitors in its second edition (2018).
✅ Grown to 1,800 exhibitors in 2025, showcasing India’s dynamic F&B sector.
📍 Global Impact
✅ Encouraged partnerships, networking, and business deals.
✅ Enhanced India's visibility as a key player in global food markets.

🔆 Conclusion
📍 Potential Benefits
✅ Positions India as a global leader in food trade and investment.
✅ Supports innovation, sustainability, and agricultural productivity.
📍 Cautions
✅ Continuous focus on sustainable practices and food safety.
✅ Addressing infrastructure and logistics to support growing demand.

🔆 Women in the 2024 Lok Sabha Elections

📍 Historic Participation :
✅ A record-breaking 800 women candidates participated in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, the highest since 1957.
✅ Out of 543 constituencies, 390 had women candidates, leaving only 152 constituencies without female representation – the lowest ever.

📍 Participation Over the Years
✅ 2019: The number of women candidates stood at 726.
✅ 2009: There were 332 women candidates.
✅ 1957: Merely 45 women contested the elections.

📍 Voter Turnout
✅ 65.78% of women voters participated in the 2024 elections, showing a slight increase from 65.55% in 2019.
✅ For the second consecutive time, women recorded higher voter turnout than men.

Notable Constituencies

✅ Top Constituencies for Women Candidates : Baramati, Secunderabad, and Warangal led the list, each fielding 8 women candidates.
✅ States with Zero Female Representation: 30 constituencies in Uttar Pradesh reported no women candidates, followed by Bihar (15) and Gujarat (14).

✅ Victories by Women : 74 women candidates emerged victorious in 2024, reflecting an increase compared to 2019.
✅ Forfeited Deposits : 629 women candidates lost their deposits in the elections.

📍Key Trends and Observations

✅Growth in Women’s Participation : Women’s involvement in elections has been steadily increasing since the 1980s, marking progress toward gender balance in electoral representation.
✅ Women as Voters : Female voter registration climbed to 47.63% of the total electorate in 2024.
✅ Dhubri constituency in Assam witnessed the highest women voter turnout at 92.17%.

✅ Ongoing Challenges :Despite progress, the low success rate and absence of representation in some constituencies underscore the need for sustained efforts toward achieving gender equality in Indian politics.

⚡️Mountain ranges along with the countries they cover⚡️

🎯Africa:

1. Atlas Mountains 🏔️ - Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia

2. Drakensberg Mountains ⛰️ - South Africa, Lesotho

3. Ethiopian Highlands 🏞️ - Ethiopia

4. Rwenzori Mountains 🌄 - Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo

5. Simien Mountains 🏞️ - Ethiopia

6. Tibesti Mountains 🏔️ - Chad, Libya

🎯Asia:

1. Himalayas 🏔️ - India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Pakistan

2. Karakoram Range ⛰️ - Pakistan, India, China

3. Tien Shan Mountains 🏞️ - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China

4. Ural Mountains 🌄 - Russia, Kazakhstan

5. Kunlun Mountains 🏔️ - China.

6. Zagros Mountains ⛰️ - Iran, Iraq

🎯Europe:
1. Alps 🏔️ - France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Liechtenstein, Monaco

2. Pyrenees ⛰️ - France, Spain, Andorra

3. Carpathian Mountains 🏞️ - Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia

4. Apennines 🌄 - Italy

5. Scandinavian Mountains 🏔️ - Norway, Sweden, Finland

6. Caucasus Mountains ⛰️ - Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan

North America:
1. Rocky Mountains 🏔️ - Canada, United States

2. Appalachian Mountains ⛰️ - United States, Canada

3. Sierra Nevada 🏞️ - United States (California, Nevada)

4. Cascades 🌄 - United States (Washington, Oregon, California), Canada (British Columbia)

5. Brooks Range 🏔️ - United States (Alaska)

6. Alaska Range ⛰️ - United States (Alaska)

🎯South America:

1. Andes 🏔️ - Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina

2. Brazilian Highlands ⛰️ - Brazil

3. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta 🏞️ - Colombia

4. Cordillera Blanca 🌄 - Peru

5. Patagonian Andes 🏔️ - Chile, Argentina

6. Serra do Mar ⛰️ - Brazil

🎯Australia (including Oceania):

1. Great Dividing Range 🏔️ - Australia

2. MacDonnell Ranges ⛰️ - Australia

3. Blue Mountains 🏞️ - Australia

4. Southern Alps (New Zealand) 🌄 - New Zealand

5. Owen Stanley Range (Papua New Guinea) 🏔️ - Papua New Guinea

6. Hamersley Range ⛰️ - Australia

Date - 8 Jan 2025
Daf keywords - Physics Honours, Miranda House, Anthropology Optional, Sensor,
Research
Board - BB Swain
Questions-
Chairman - Tell me about Sugrivopithecus.
What about ramapithicus and Shivapithicis
No other questions from him

M2) Lady member -
What are good things about Miranda House ?
What you have gained ?
What is the role of Miranda House in gaining Civil Services qualities and how you will apply
Have you heard about public protests ?
How will you handle farmer's protest as a bureaucrat?
5. Have you heard about plate tectonics ?
Follow up questions on earthquake and active volcanoes in India as well as in world.
( She didn't gave satisfactory look)

M3.
What is similarity between Physics and Anthropology ?
What are famous Indian Anthropologist and Physicists ?
What is significance of NIRF, given by ?
And other accreditation agencies in India and world ?
Your opinion about rural urban divide and how can it be reduced?
What is impact of 370 abrogation on people ? ( follow up and little grilling ..you are just giving government data, they would just glorify. Tell from some other sources )

M 4.
If 370 was good, why elected government bring bill to bring it again? ...some follow up questions.
Few difficult questions on Anthropology....don't remember coz I didn't knew
Britishers parameters to divide India and classify ... follow up questions ( He elaborated more and give me less time to speak )
World population is declining. How can India utilize ? More follow up questions on demographic dividend, why not able to harness and what can we do ( He interrupted me on every line....and finally explained himself what he wanted to hear as if he was giving interview to other members and I just noded ...Yes Sir )

M5.
Have you read any other books of Physics other than graduation? He named some book linking Schrodinger Equation with Das.
Missile program of India ... follow up questions on types we are making in India, Tectical and nuclear missiles.. some follow up
Proximity Sensors in defence ?
Research scenario in India and its future .... follow up

All said thank you

🔆National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds (NMEO-Oilseeds)

✅Why in News : Union cabinet approved NMEO-Oilseeds for 2024-25 to 2030-31.
📍About NMEO-Oilseeds
✅Aim: Achieve self-sufficiency in edible oils production
✅Key targets: ~70 MT oilseed production; 72% self-sufficiency by 2030-31
📍Core focus:
✅Increasing the production of key primary oilseed crops like Rapeseed-Mustard, Groundnut, Soybean.
✅Enhancing extraction efficiency from secondary sources like Cottonseed, Rice Bran, and Tree Borne Oils.
📍Major Features
✅SATHI Portal for 5-year rolling seed plan with state-agency partnerships
Value Chain Clusters across 347 districts (10 lakh hectares annually)
✅Advanced technologies: Genome editing, high-yield varieties
✅Infrastructure: 65 seed hubs, 50 storage units Support for post-harvest units and IEC campaigns
📍Need for Initiative: Second-largest crop category after food grains; Rising demand due to urbanization; Currently import dependent for 57% of domestic demand for edible oils etc.
✅Other Steps taken: NFSM-OS&OP, NMEO-OP, PM-AASHA, and RKVY-RAFTAAR; MSP for seven oilseeds and 20% import duty;
✅2024 Budget: Focus on research and market linkages; Yellow Revolution.
✅Challenges:
🔸 Lower yields vs GM varieties;
🔸 76% rainfed cultivation;
🔸Regional concentration (83.4% groundnut in 5 states);
🔸Growing demand-supply gap;
🔸Limited global market share
✅Way Forward:
🔸Develop value chain clusters;
🔸Expand to fallow regions;
🔸Invest in research, etc.

Dekho Apna Desh 🇮🇳

🚆PM @narendramodi Ji flagged off the inaugural journey of the Pravasi Bharatiya Express, a special Tourist Train for the Indian diaspora.
📍18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas convention, Bhubaneswar

⚡️⚡️Web Portals & Apps with Ministries (2024) whole year compilation⚡️⚡️

1. Eklavya 🪖📚 - Defence training portal.
Ministry: Ministry of Defence

2. National SAREX-2024 🚨🌊 - Search and rescue exercise.
Ministry: Ministry of Home Affairs

3. E-Daakhil 📝🌐 - Consumer complaint portal.
Ministry: Ministry of Consumer Affairs

4. VISION Portal 🎓💼 - Skill development initiative.
Ministry: Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship

5. 'Waves' OTT App 📺📡 - Prasar Bharati’s digital app.
Ministry: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting

6. Civil Registration App 📄👶 - Birth and death registrations.
Ministry: Ministry of Home Affairs

7. Paddy Procurement Portal 🌾💻 - Resolves farmer issues.
Ministry: Ministry of Consumer Affairs

8. Weather Forecast Initiative ⛅️📊 - Enhanced weather updates.
Ministry: Ministry of Earth Sciences

9. eShram Portal 🛠👷 - Labour welfare portal.
Ministry: Ministry of Labour and Employment

10. ‘Scam se Bacho’ 🛡🔒 - Meta's online safety campaign.
Initiative by: Meta (Private Sector)

11. AI Samarth 🤖💡 - Promotes AI solutions.
Ministry: Ministry of Electronics and IT

12. BharatGen 🧬🇮🇳 - Genomic research portal.
Ministry: Ministry of Science and Technology

13. Rangeen Machhli App 🐟📱 - Fisheries management app.
Ministry: Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Dairying

14. Saarthi App 🚗📘 - Road safety awareness.
Ministry: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways

15. Technical Terms Website 📚🗣 - Terms in 22 languages.
Ministry: Ministry of Education

16. AgriSURE & Krishi Nivesh 🌱💰 - Agri investment portal.
Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare

17. SHe-Box 👩‍⚖️📥 - Women grievance redressal.
Ministry: Ministry of Women and Child Development

18. Garudakshi 🦅⚖️ - Defence offence management.
Ministry: Ministry of Defence

19. BoCW MIS Portal 🏗👷‍♂️ - Construction workers' database.
Ministry: Ministry of Labour and Employment

20. JAL VIDYUT DPR 💧⚡️ - Water-power projects info.
Ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti

21. DRIPS Portal 🌊🔍 - Dam safety monitoring.
Ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti

22. FloodWatch App 🌧📲 - Flood alerts for citizens.
Ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti

23. Elephant Warning App 🐘⚠️ - Protects Assam villagers.
Ministry: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

24. NERACE 🌾📡 - Agri-market for the Northeast.
Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare

25. NCRB Sankalan 🕵️📖 - Criminal law repository.
Ministry: Ministry of Home Affairs

26. CDP-SURAKSHA 🧪💼 - Fertilizer safety portal.
Ministry: Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers

27. RBI G-sec App 📈📲 - Mobile bond trading.
Ministry: Ministry of Finance

28. GeM Portal 🛒🌐 - E-marketplace for government.
Ministry: Ministry of Commerce and Industry

29. Devika 🌊🌿 - River rejuvenation project.
Ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti

30. cVIGIL App 🗳👁 - Election violation reporting.
Ministry: Election Commission of India

31. SAKHI App 🚀👩‍🔬 - Gaganyaan mission support.
Ministry: Ministry of Science and Technology

32. National Time Protocol 🕰🔧 - Synchronizes India’s clocks.
Ministry: Ministry of Electronics and IT

33. CAA-2019 App 📜📱 - Citizen amendment info.
Ministry: Ministry of Home Affairs

34. e-Crop 🌾📡 - IoT-based smart farming.
Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare

35. Monitoring Portal 📊📋 - Rural development tracking.
Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development

36. Sangam Initiative 🚢🌐 - Digital twin for ports.
Ministry: Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways

37. Chakshu 👁⚕️ - Eye care innovations.
Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

38. Haj Suvidha App 🕋📱 -
Digital help for pilgrims.
Ministry: Ministry of Minority Affairs

39. I&B Media Portals 📺🖥 - Media content portal.
Ministry: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting

40. SWATI Portal 👩‍🔬🌟 - Empowers women in STEMM.
Ministry: Ministry of Science and Technology

📮Very Very Important for Prelims 2025

H. pylori
✅H. pylori is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that infects humans, typically residing in the stomach.
✅It causes inflammation and ulceration of the stomach lining, leading to gastrointestinal issues.
✅It is the leading cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric lymphoma, and gastric cancer
✅Transmission occurs through fecal-oral, gastric-oral, oral-oral, or sexual routes, with lower socioeconomic status being a significant risk factor for higher infection prevalence.
✅Global Impact of H. pylori: H. pylori infects over 43% of the global population and causes gastrointestinal disorders like peptic ulcers, gastritis, dyspepsia, and even gastric cancer.
🔸Resistance to clarithromycin, caused by mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA gene, is a growing public health threat, complicating treatment.
✅Need for Novel Diagnostic Tools: To address this, there is a need for cost-effective, rapid diagnostic tools to detect H. pylori and its antibiotic resistance, particularly in underserved regions.
✅CRISPR-Based Diagnostics: CRISPR technologies offer high accuracy in detecting specific mutations by designing guide RNAs for precise DNA recognition.
🔸Researchers previously explored CRISPR-Cas9 methods but faced limitations due to the need for specific PAM sequences.
✅Developments : Study explored en31-FnCas9, an engineered protein from Francisella novicida, which overcomes the PAM sequence limitation and successfully detects H. pylori mutations related to clarithromycin resistance.
🔸The study  demonstrated the effectiveness of en31-FnCas9 in detecting H. pylori and its resistance mutations in gastric biopsy samples. 
🔸It was combined with a lateral flow-based test strip (FELUDA) for rapid, visual results, making it ideal for remote clinical settings

🔆Dinga Disease
Recently, a mysterious illness locally referred to as “Dinga Dinga”, has wrecked havoc in Uganda.

✅It is locally called 'Dinga Dinga', meaning 'shaking like dancing'.
✅It is predominantly impacting women and girls, is characterized by fever and excessive body shaking. It is severely impairing mobility and in severe cases people are also experiencing paralysis.
✅The cause of Dinga Dinga remains a mystery. Despite efforts to identify the virus responsible, health experts have yet to pinpoint its source.
✅The symptoms of Dinga Dinga are as unusual as they are distressing:
✅Uncontrollable body shaking: The most striking feature of the illness is violent, involuntary movements that resemble dancing.
✅Fever and extreme weakness: Patients often report high fever and overwhelming fatigue.
✅Paralysis-like immobility: Some experience a sensation of paralysis, with even basic movements like walking becoming impossible.
✅Treatment: The illness is currently being treated with antibiotics.

🔆What is Bayraktar Akinci?

✅Turkey has successfully tested the firing of the supersonic missile UAV-122 from the Bayraktar Akinci drone
✅It is a long-endurance unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) developed by Turkish drone manufacturer Baykar.
✅It has been designed to perform various operations supporting fighter jets. It is capable of performing air-to-ground and air-to-air attack missions.

📍Features:

✅The combat drone has a length of 12.2 m, a height of 4.1 m, and a wingspan of 20 m.
✅It stands out for its payload capacity of up to 1,500 kilograms, flight range of 25 hours, and range of 7,500 km. 
✅It is equipped with dual satellite communication systems, air-to-air radar, electronic support systems, collision avoidance radar, and synthetic aperture radar.
✅It is also the first drone capable of launching an air-launched cruise missile (ALCM).

🔆 Key Facts on the Indus Script: Unraveling an Ancient Mystery

📍 Overview of the Writing System:
✅ The Indus Valley Civilization (2600–1900 BCE) developed an advanced writing system primarily seen on seals and pottery.
✅ Over 3,500 artifacts featuring 676 distinct symbols have been discovered, highlighting the complexity of this ancient culture.

📍 Challenges in Decipherment:
✅ No Rosetta Stone: The absence of a bilingual text like the Rosetta Stone has hindered efforts to decode the script.
✅ Short Inscriptions: Most inscriptions average only five characters, providing limited context for interpretation.
✅ Purpose of the Script: Scholars are divided on its function—whether it represents a language or a symbolic system for trade and administration.
✅ Unknown Language: The language behind the script remains uncertain, with theories linking it to Dravidian languages, an unknown linguistic family, or even multiple languages.

📍 Key Scholarly Efforts:
✅ Finnish scholar Asko Parpola has conducted extensive research, exploring links between the Indus script and Dravidian languages.
✅ Modern approaches, including AI-based pattern recognition and computational linguistics, are being applied to analyze the script's structure and meaning.

📍 Importance of Deciphering the Script:
✅ Deciphering the script could unlock valuable insights into the culture, economy, and governance of the Indus Valley Civilization.
✅ It could reveal details about their social structure, belief systems, and linguistic connections to modern South Asia.

📍 Recent Developments:
✅ In 2024, Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin announced a ₹8 crore (~$1 million) prize for anyone who can successfully decipher the script.
✅ This initiative underscores the global significance of decoding the Indus script and its potential to deepen understanding of India’s historical and linguistic heritage.

🔍 The Path Forward:
✅ The Indus script remains one of the greatest challenges in archaeology and linguistics.
✅ Advances in technology, AI, and interdisciplinary research bring hope that this ancient mystery will one day be solved.

Agricultural Production Trends (Last 5 Years) 🗓️🗓️🗓️🗓️🗓️

Rice 🍚
• 🇨🇳 China is the largest producer 🥇 (🇮🇳 India is 2nd)
• 🇮🇳 India is the largest exporter 🚢

Wheat 🌾
• 🇨🇳 China is the largest producer 🥇 (🇮🇳 India is 2nd)
• 🇷🇺 Russia is the largest exporter 🚢

Sugarcane 🌿
• 🇧🇷 Brazil is the largest producer 🥇 (🇮🇳 India is 2nd)
• 🇧🇷 Brazil is the largest exporter 🚢

Soybean 🌱
• 🇧🇷 Brazil is the largest producer 🥇 (🇮🇳 India is 5th)
• 🇧🇷 Brazil is the largest exporter 🚢

Maize 🌽
• 🇺🇸 USA is the largest producer 🥇 (🇮🇳 India 7th)
• 🇧🇷 Brazil is the largest exporter 🚢

Pulses 🫘
• 🇮🇳 India is the largest producer 🥇
• 🇮🇳 India is the largest consumer 🍽️
• 🇮🇳 India is the largest importer 🚢

Coffee ☕
• 🇧🇷 Brazil is the largest producer 🥇
• 🇧🇷 Brazil is the largest exporter 🚢
• 🇺🇸 USA is the largest importer 🚢

Banana 🍌
• 🇮🇳 India is the largest producer 🥇
• 🇪🇨 Ecuador is the largest exporter 🚢
• 🇺🇸 USA is the largest importer 🚢

Palm Oil 🌴
• 🇮🇩 Indonesia is the largest producer 🥇
• 🇮🇩 Indonesia is the largest exporter 🚢
• 🇮🇳 India is the largest importer

🔆 Groundwater Revival in India: Securing the Nation’s Water

📍 Progress in Groundwater Management (2017–2024)
✅ Recharge Increase: Groundwater recharge rose by 15 BCM between 2017 and 2024.
✅ Less Extraction: Annual groundwater extraction decreased by 3 BCM in the same period.
✅ Safer Groundwater Zones:
- Safe assessment units increased from 62.6% in 2017 to 73.4% in 2024.
- Over-exploited units reduced from 17.24% to 11.13%.
✅ Role of Conservation Structures:
- Recharge from tanks, ponds, and water control systems rose from 13.98 BCM in 2017 to 25.34 BCM in 2024—an increase of 11.36 BCM.
📍 Challenges in Groundwater Quality
✅ Major Pollutants: Arsenic, fluoride, chloride, uranium, and nitrate pose health risks.
✅ Sources of Contamination:
- Industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and saline intrusion increase Electrical Conductivity (EC).
- Iron contamination impacts water quality, causing potential health issues.
✅ Positive Trends in Agriculture:
- 81% of groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation.
- 100% of samples from northeastern states are rated "excellent" for agricultural use.
📍 Key Government Initiatives
✅ Jal Shakti Abhiyan (2019): Now in its fifth phase ("Catch the Rain" 2024), this program emphasizes rainwater harvesting and conservation in rural and urban districts.
✅ Atal Bhujal Yojana (2020): Participatory groundwater management in 80 water-stressed districts across 7 states.
✅ Mission Amrit Sarovar (2022): Aims to create or rejuvenate 75 waterbodies per district for rainwater harvesting.
✅ National Aquifer Mapping (NAQUIM): Mapped over 25 lakh sq. km to support groundwater recharge and conservation.
✅ Master Plan for Artificial Recharge (2020): Proposes 1.42 crore rainwater harvesting and recharge structures to harness 185 BCM of rainfall.

📍 Achievements in Groundwater Management
✅ Improvements in 128 groundwater units were noted between 2023 and 2024, reflecting the success of policy initiatives.
✅ Recharge from water bodies like tanks and ponds has consistently increased, demonstrating the effectiveness of local interventions.

📍 The Path Forward
✅ Use advanced technologies like AI and GIS to monitor groundwater quality and optimize conservation efforts.
✅ Strengthen community involvement through programs like MGNREGS, which builds water conservation structures in rural areas.
✅ Promote excellence through the National Water Awards, encouraging innovative water-saving practices.

📍 Conclusion
India’s groundwater revival journey reflects the success of sustainable practices and collaborative efforts. By following the ‘Reduce, Reuse, Recharge, and Recycle’ approach, India is working toward securing its water future and meeting global sustainability goals.

कमजोर दिमाग वाले #lifetips #sucesstips #motivation #upsc #shorts #shortsfeed #youtubeshorts
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main ab kya karo ? IAS | #viral #shorts #upscmotivation
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How to Make Effective GS3 Economy Notes for UPSC
Creating good notes isn’t just about writing down information—it’s about building a powerful resource that helps you analyze and understand concepts better. Here’s a simple, step-by-step guide to help you make effective and dynamic GS3 Economy notes:
1. Start with the Basics
• Definitions: Write clear, concise definitions for key terms like Inflation, Fiscal Deficit, and GDP.
• Theories: Summarize important economic theories, such as Keynesian Economics or Monetarism.
• Glossary: Keep a running list of terms like CRR (Cash Reserve Ratio), Quantitative Easing, etc., for quick reference.

2. Use the 3-Layered Note-Making Approach
• Layer 1: Static knowledge from NCERTs and my class notes
• Layer 2: Dynamic updates from the Economic Survey, Union Budget, and current affairs.
• Layer 3: Add your own critical analysis—link concepts to reports like the N.K. Singh Committee on FRBM or global examples.

3. Follow the Issue-Based Structure
For every topic, break it down into:
• Cause: Why does unemployment exist?
• Impact: What’s the economic and social fallout?
• Measures: What is the government doing?
• Recommendations: Suggested policies or reforms.

4. Use Data Effectively
• Include relevant statistics: Use the Economic Survey or RBI reports for facts like Fiscal Deficit (6.4% for FY2023).
• Create a “Data Repository”: Maintain a page for quick revision of all key numbers.

5. Make It Visual
• Flowcharts: Use them to explain relationships, e.g., how inflation impacts unemployment.
• Diagrams: Illustrate concepts like the Laffer Curve or Poverty Line.
• Tables: Compare policies or explain differences, e.g., between Direct vs. Indirect Taxes.

6. Add Real-Life Examples
• Case studies: For example, Sri Lanka’s Debt Crisis for fiscal mismanagement.
• Policy examples: Mention UPI adoption in India to explain digital growth.
• Success stories: Highlight the impact of PM-KISAN on rural incomes.

7. Focus on Keywords
Stick to terms directly mentioned in the syllabus:
• Inclusive Growth: Explain with examples like MGNREGA.
• Sustainable Development: Use India’s Renewable Energy Targets as a reference.

Pro Tip
Think like a policymaker:
• What’s the issue?
• Why is it important?
• How can it be solved?
Keep your notes clear, concise, and structured. Remember, effective notes are easy to revise and help you write answers that stand out!

Upsc chatur pinned «https://youtu.be/sRiyxGuSbno?si=ZX5AO-RefKxoptVo»

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October Current Affairs Magazine

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Name wise mains result

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Pi is a new digital currency developed by Stanford PhDs, with over 55 million members worldwide. To claim your Pi, follow this link https://minepi.com/goel9595 and use my username (goel9595) as your invitation code.

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Class - 8 | Basic of Attitude | Ashish Goel |
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Different steps to tackle delhi pollution

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Class - 6 | how socialisation works| Ashish Goel |
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Class - 5 | Ethical Thinkers Simplified | Ashish Goel |
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Class - 4 | ethical thinkers simplified | Ashish Goel |
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A huge set back

Ratan Tata left us just now 😢

Rest in peace 🙏

No one replace him in this world 🙏🙏🙏

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