1️⃣ Kinematics
Equation of motion:
v = u + at
s = ut + 1/2 at²
v² = u² + 2as
Projectile motion:
Range = (u²sin2θ)/g
Time of flight = (2usinθ)/g
2️⃣ Newton's Laws of Motion
Force:
F = ma
Friction:
f = μN
3️⃣ Work, Power, Energy
Work done:
W = F·d cosθ
Kinetic energy:
KE = (1/2)mv²
Potential energy:
PE = mgh
Power:
P = W/t = F·v cosθ
4️⃣ Gravitation
Universal law of gravitation:
F = G (m₁m₂)/r²
Gravitational potential energy:
U = -G (m₁m₂)/r
5️⃣ Circular Motion
Centripetal force:
F = (mv²)/r
Angular velocity:
ω = 2π/T
6️⃣ Electrostatics
Coulomb's law:
F = k (q₁q₂)/r²
Electric field:
E = F/q = k(q/r²)
Potential:
V = k(q/r)
7️⃣ Current Electricity
Ohm’s Law:
V = IR
Resistance:
R = ρl/A
Power:
P = VI = I²R = V²/R
8️⃣ Magnetism
Force on a moving charge:
F = qvB sinθ
Force on a current-carrying conductor:
F = BIL sinθ
9️⃣ Thermodynamics
First law of thermodynamics:
ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW
Efficiency of Carnot engine:
η = 1 - (T₂/T₁)
🔟 Optics
Lens formula:
1/f = 1/v - 1/u
Mirror formula:
1/f = 1/v + 1/u
Magnification:
m = h'/h = -v/u
1️⃣1️⃣ Modern Physics
Photoelectric equation:
E = hν = KE + Φ
de Broglie wavelength:
λ = h/p
💡 Tip: Revise and practice these formulas regularly for better retention and application during the exam!