Посты канала Ophthalmology

[9.2] A 59-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit for a myocar- dial infarction. He is given a ẞ-adrenergic antagonist and instructed to avoid emotional turmoil to decrease sympathetic stimulation of the heart. From a cellular perspective, sympathetic stimulation of the heart does which of the following?

A previously healthy, 27-year-old agricultural worker develops nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, cough with wheezing and dyspnoea, salivation, and lacrimation 1 hour after leaving work in a field. On examination, he is afebrile with a heart rate of 50/min and blood pressure of 90/55 mm Hg. Laboratory studies show plasma cholinesterase activity less than 50% of normal. Atropine is given intravenously, and his condition improves. He was most likely exposed to which of the following substances?

A Aflatoxin
B Cyclodiene
C Dioxin
D Ergot alkaloid
E Organophosphate

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Correct Answer - D
All of the above REF: Khurana 4
th ed p. 110
MOOREN'S ULCER:
Severe inflammatory peripheral ulcerative keratitis , chronic
serpigenous or rodent ulcer
Treatment:
1. Topical corticosteroids
2. Immunosuppressives with systemic steroids , e.g. cyclosporine
3. Soft contact lens
4. Lamellar or full thickness corneal grafting

Correct Answer - D
Ans. is 'd i.e., All of the above
Causes of cherry red spot
GM2 gangliosidoses (Tay sachs & sandhoff)
Hurler's syndrome
GM1 gangliosidoses
Cryoglobulinemia
Niemann - Pick's disease
Laber's congenital amaurosis
Sialidosis (galactosialidosis)
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Mucopolysacharidosis VII
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)
Multiple sulfatase deficiency
Trauma (Berlin's edema / commotio retinae)
Poisoning :- Carbon mono-oxide, methanol
Quinine and Dapsone
Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome


Not seen in.(kGF)

krabbe's disease
Gauchers disease
Fabry disease


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Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Across ora serrata

Attachement of vitreous

Vitreous is attached anteriorly to the lens (Hyloid capsular ligament
of Wieger) and ciliary epithelium in front of the ora serrata.

The part of vitreous about 4 mm across the ora serrata is known as
the "base of vitreous" where the attachement is strongest
Posteriorly vitreous is attached to the edge of the optic disc and
macula lutea (foveal region) forming ring-shaped structure around them

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Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Vitreous
The eyeball is divided into two segments : ?

Anterior segment
1. Part of eyeball anterior to posterior border of lens is called anterior segment.
2. It consists of lens, and structures anterior to it, i.e., cornea, iris and two aqueous humor-filled spaces, i.e., anterior and posterior
chambers.
3. Anterior chambers : - It is bounded anteriorly by back of cornea and posteriorly by the iris & part of ciliary body. It contains aqueous humor.
4. Posterior chamber : - This triangular chamber is bounded anteriorly by the posterior surface of the iris & ciliary body and posteriorly by the lens and it zonules. It also contains aqueous humor.
5. Thus, both anterior and posterior chambers are part of anterior
segment and both contain aqueous humor.

Posterior segment
1. Part of eye ball posterior to lens is called posterior segment.
2. It consists of vitreous humor, retina, choroid and optic disc.

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Correct Answer - B
Ans. is `b' i.e., Homocysteinuria

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