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All Type Of BIOS Extractor

FD44 Editor 0.9.2 win Tool Download

FD44 Editor 0.9.2 win Tool Download.

FD44Editor 0.9.2 is a utility designed for editing ASUS BIOS image files, as part of the development by Long Soft on GitHub. It helps in modifying various components of the BIOS, such as system information and other settings.

Please remember to double-check any important information or instructions from official sources before proceeding with BIOS modifications.

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Researchers at the University of California, Irvine, have developed a groundbreaking nanowire-based battery material that can be recharged hundreds of thousands of times, bringing us closer to batteries that may never need replacement.

This innovation could dramatically extend the lifespan of batteries for various devices, including computers, smartphones, appliances, electric vehicles, and even spacecraft.

The key to this breakthrough lies in the use of nanowires, which are thousands of times thinner than human hair and highly conductive. Although nanowires hold great potential for energy storage, they are typically too fragile to withstand repeated charging cycles—until now.

The UCI team, led by doctoral candidate Mya Le Thai, solved this fragility problem by coating gold nanowires with a manganese dioxide shell and encasing the structure in a Plexiglas-like gel. This combination proved to be incredibly resilient, with Thai cycling the electrode 200,000 times without any loss of capacity or power. The gel layer seems to provide flexibility, preventing the cracking and degradation that usually limit the lifespan of nanowire-based batteries. This discovery represents a major step toward commercializing long-lasting, nanowire-based batteries, and it highlights the potential for future energy storage solutions that could transform numerous industries. The findings were published in the American Chemical Society's Energy Letters

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Desktop Power Sequence

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Power rail sequencing for Intel 10th generation laptop motherboards involves a series of steps that ensure the various power rails are powered on in the correct order. This process helps prevent damage to the motherboard and ensures stable operation. Below is a general step-by-step guide for the power-on sequence and logic signal testing.

Power-On Rail Sequence

1. Standby Power (3.3V AUX):
- Always present when the laptop is connected to a power source (battery or charger).
- Powers the Real-Time Clock (RTC) and certain low-power standby circuits.

2. Power Button Press:
- Initiates the power-on sequence.
- Generates the PWRBTN# signal to the Embedded Controller (EC) or Power Management IC (PMIC).

3. EC/PMIC Power Good Signal (EC_ON):
- The EC/PMIC checks various conditions (battery level, charger status, etc.).
- Sends the EC_ON or equivalent signal to the motherboard to start the power sequence.

4. Main Power Rails:
- 3.3V Main: Powers up first, essential for various onboard components.
- 5V Main: Powers up after 3.3V Main, used for USB ports, storage devices, etc.
- 1.8V: Often used for certain memory and peripheral interfaces.
- VCCSA (System Agent Voltage): Powers up next, used for the system agent portion of the CPU.
- VCCIO (I/O Voltage): Powers up after VCCSA, used for I/O interfaces.
- Vcore: Core voltage for the CPU, typically powers up last among the major rails.

5. Secondary Power Rails:
- DRAM Voltage (VDDQ): Powers the RAM modules.
- Graphics Voltage (VCCGFX): Powers the integrated or discrete GPU.

6. Power Good Signals:
- Each power rail typically has a Power Good (PWRGD) signal indicating it is stable.
- All PWRGD signals need to be high before the system allows the CPU to start executing code.

Test Points and Logic Signal Checks

1. 3.3V AUX:
- Test point: Near RTC battery or PMIC.
- Signal: Always present with power source connected.

2. PWRBTN#:
- Test point: Near power button connector.
- Signal: Active low when power button is pressed.

3. EC_ON:
- Test point: Near EC or PMIC.
- Signal: High when EC/PMIC signals the start of power sequence.

4. Main Power Rails:
- 3.3V Main:
- Test point: Near voltage regulator or large capacitors.
- Signal: Stable 3.3V.
- 5V Main:
- Test point: Near USB ports or storage connectors.
- Signal: Stable 5V.
- 1.8V:
- Test point: Near memory modules or chipset.
- Signal: Stable 1.8V.
- VCCSA:
- Test point: Near CPU socket or chipset.
- Signal: Stable voltage per motherboard specifications.
- VCCIO:
- Test point: Near CPU socket or I/O connectors.
- Signal: Stable voltage per motherboard specifications.
- Vcore:
- Test point: Near CPU socket.
- Signal: Stable core voltage as per CPU specifications.

5. Power Good Signals (PWRGD):
- Test points: Near corresponding voltage regulators or PMIC.
- Signal: High indicates the corresponding power rail is stable.

Testing Procedure

1. Connect Multimeter:
- Set the multimeter to the appropriate DC voltage range.
- Connect the ground probe to the laptop chassis or a known ground point.

2. Check Each Rail Sequentially:
- Measure the voltage at each test point.
- Ensure the voltage is stable and matches the expected value.

3. Monitor Power Good Signals:
- Verify that each PWRGD signal goes high after the corresponding rail powers up.

Common Issues

1. No Standby Power:
- Check the power adapter and battery.
- Inspect the 3.3V AUX rail and its components.

2. Power Button Not Responding:
- Verify the PWRBTN# signal.
- Check the power button and its connections.

3. Power Rails Not Powering Up:
- Inspect the EC/PMIC and related circuits.
- Check for shorts or faults in the power rails.

4. Power Good Signals Not High:
- Ensure all power rails are stable.
- Check for faults in the power management circuitry.

Tools Required

- Multimeter
- Oscilloscope (optional for detailed signal analysis)
- Schematics or board view files (if available)

This guide provides a general overview. For specific motherboard models, refer to the manufacturer’s service manual and schematics for detailed information.

There are several test points associated with the CPU on a motherboard. These test points are used to measure critical voltages and signals that are essential for the CPU's operation. Below are some common test points for the CPU:

Common CPU Test Points

1. Vcore (CPU Core Voltage):
- Location: Near the CPU socket, usually close to the VRM (Voltage Regulator Module) that supplies power to the CPU.
- Expected Voltage: Varies depending on the CPU model and its operating state, typically between 0.7V and 1.5V.

2. VCCSA (System Agent Voltage):
- Location: Near the CPU socket or near the chipset.
- Expected Voltage: Typically around 1.05V, but it can vary.

3. VCCIO (I/O Voltage):
- Location: Near the CPU socket or near the I/O interfaces.
- Expected Voltage: Typically around 1.05V, but it can vary.

4. VDDQ (DRAM Voltage):
- Location: Near the memory slots, as it supplies power to the RAM.
- Expected Voltage: Typically 1.2V, 1.35V, or 1.5V depending on the memory type.

5. VCCGFX (Graphics Voltage, if applicable):
- Location: Near the GPU section on the CPU if it has integrated graphics.
- Expected Voltage: Varies based on the integrated GPU's requirements.

6. VTT (Termination Voltage):
- Location: Near the CPU socket or near the memory slots.
- Expected Voltage: Typically around 0.75V (half of VDDQ).

Testing Procedure

1. Prepare Multimeter:
- Set the multimeter to the appropriate DC voltage range.
- Connect the ground probe to the laptop chassis or a known ground point.

2. Identify Test Points:
- Refer to the motherboard's schematic or use a known good board to identify the test points around the CPU socket.

3. Measure Voltages:
- Carefully measure the voltage at each test point while the motherboard is powered on.
- Compare the measured voltages with the expected values.

Test Points Example

Here are some possible test points on a typical Intel 10th generation laptop motherboard:

1. TP_VCORE:
- Description: Test point for CPU core voltage.
- Location: Close to the CPU socket.

2. TP_VCCSA:
- Description: Test point for system agent voltage.
- Location: Near the CPU socket or chipset.

3. TP_VCCIO:
- Description: Test point for I/O voltage.
- Location: Near the CPU socket or I/O interfaces.

4. TP_VDDQ:
- Description: Test point for DRAM voltage.
- Location: Near the memory slots.

5. TP_VTT:
- Description: Test point for termination voltage.
- Location: Near the memory slots or CPU socket.

Important Notes

- Safety: Be cautious when measuring voltages around the CPU as the components are sensitive and can be easily damaged.
- Static Discharge: Use proper ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) precautions when working on the motherboard.
- Schematics: If available, refer to the motherboard's schematic for exact locations and expected values.

By carefully checking these test points, you can diagnose issues related to the CPU's power supply and ensure that it is receiving the correct voltages for stable operation.

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