Lakharajo English Academy

◾️12 Types of doctors:

1. Dermatologist yani skin specialist - त्वचा विशेषज्ञ

2. Cardiologist yani heart specialist - हृदय रोग विशेषज्ञ

3. Gynecologist yani female disease specialist - स्त्री रोग विशेषज्ञ

4. Dentist yani teeth & jaw bones specialist - दांत और जबड़े की हड्डियों के डॉक्टर

5. Ophthalmologist yani eye specialist - नेत्र-विशेषज्ञ

6. Orthopedist yani Muscle and bones specialist - मांसपेशियों और हड्डियों का विशेषज्ञ

7. Gastroenterologist is a doctor who treats diseases of the digestive system. - पेट का डॉक्टर

8. Neonatologist is a doctor who treats premature and ill newborns - नवजात शिशुओं का डॉक्टर

9. Neurologist - मस्तिष्क रोग विशेषज्ञ

10. Pediatrician treats children - बाल रोग चिकित्सक

11. Oncologist is a doctor who treats cancer - कैंसर का डॉक्टर

12. ENT specialist yani ear nose and throat specialist - कान, नाक, गले का डॉक्टर

✅ Previous Year Vocabulary ✅

1. FUTILE (Adj) : निष्फल = Fruitless
Synonyms: Vain, Pointless
Antonyms: Useful

2. CURB (Verb) : अंकुश लगाना = Restrain
Synonyms: Hold back, Keep back
Antonyms: Release

3. LONE (Adj) : एकाकी = Deserted
Synonyms: Uninhabited, Unfrequented
Antonyms: Populous

4. COMPLEX (Adj) : जटिल = Complicated
Synonyms: Involved, Intricate
Antonyms: Simple

5. OBSCURE (Adj) : अस्पष्ट = Obscure
Synonyms: Unclear, Dense
Antonyms: Limpid

6. ALARMING (Adj) : भयप्रद = Worrying
Synonyms: Disturbing, Frightening
Antonyms: Reassuring

7. DEFECTION (Noun) : परित्याग = Desertion
Synonyms: Absconding, Decamping
Antonyms: Joining

8. EMACIATION (Noun) : दुर्बलता = Thinness
Synonyms: Starvation, Underfeeding
Antonyms: Obesity

9. COMPREHENSIVE (Adj) : व्यापक = Inclusive
Synonyms: All-inclusive, Complete
Antonyms: Partial

10. PAINSTAKING (Adj) : श्रमसाध्य = Careful
Synonyms: Meticulous, Thorough
Antonyms: Careless

✅Daily The Hindu Vocabulary✅

1. APPARENT [ Adj ] = स्पष्ट = clearly visible or understood; obvious.

2. DEFINITIVE [ Adj ] = निर्णायक = (of a conclusion or agreement) done or reached decisively and with authority.

3. INFLECTION [ N ] = मोड़

4. HEGEMON [ N ] = a supreme leader.

5. ENDORSEMENT [ N ] = समर्थन = an act of giving one's public approval or support to someone or something.

6. IMPRINT [ V ] = छाप = impress or stamp (a mark or outline) on a surface or body.

7. FOLLY [ N ] = मूर्खता = lack of good sense; foolishness.

8. OUTLIVE [ V ] = जीवित रहना = (of a person) live longer than (another person).

9. FOREBEARS [ N ] = पूर्वजों = an ancestor.

10. RECESS [ N ] = अवकाश = a period of time when the proceedings of a parliament, committee, court of law, or other official body are temporarily suspended.

11. TEMPER [ N ] = स्वभाव = a person's state of mind seen in terms of their being angry or calm.

12. DERISION [ N ] = उपहास = contemptuous ridicule or mockery.

13. PROPONENT [ N ] = समर्थक = a person who advocates a theory, proposal, or project.

14. VERDICT [ N ] = निर्णय = a decision on a disputed issue in a civil or criminal case or an inquest.

15. DISMANTLE [ V ] = take (a machine or structure) to pieces.

16. ELITE [ N ] = a select part of a group that is superior to the rest in terms of ability or qualities

17. SCEPTICISM [ N ] = संदेहवाद = doubt as to the truth of something.

18. GOBBLE [ V ] = हडप जाना = eat (something) hurriedly and noisily.

19. UPEND [ V ] = समाप्त कर देना = set or turn (something) on its end or upside down.

20. USURP [ V ] = हड़पना = take (a position of power or importance) illegally or by force.

21. FIEFDOMS [ N ] = जागीर

22. SWEAR [ V ] = सौगंध खाना = make a solemn statement or promise undertaking to do something or affirming that something is the case.

23. UNANIMOUS [ Adj ] = एकमत = (of two or more people) fully in agreement.

Mobile: A Boon or a Curse

Mobile phones have become an essential tool in today's era. It is hard to imagine life without them. While mobiles have simplified communication and provided various conveniences, their misuse has also given rise to numerous problems. It is difficult to conclude whether mobiles are a boon or a curse, as their impact depends on how they are used.

Mobile: A Boon

Mobiles have brought the world into our hands. Through them, we can connect with people anywhere in the world. The availability of the internet has brought knowledge, education, and entertainment closer to us.

1. Revolution in Communication: Mobile phones have made communication faster and easier by providing facilities like phone calls, video calls, and instant messaging.


2. Educational Tool: The availability of online classes, educational apps, and e-books has made education accessible to everyone.


3. Source of Entertainment: Mobiles have simplified and made entertainment more accessible through music, movies, games, and social media platforms.


4. Business and Employment: Mobiles have created opportunities for digital marketing, online businesses, and work-from-home setups.



Mobile: A Curse

While mobiles have made life convenient, their excessive and improper use has led to several negative consequences.

1. Impact on Health: Excessive mobile use negatively affects eyesight, brain functions, and sleep. Radiation exposure can lead to long-term health issues.


2. Wastage of Time: Spending too much time on social media, games, and other apps reduces productivity.


3. Decline in Social Relationships: Overuse of mobiles has decreased face-to-face interactions, reducing the time spent with family and friends.


4. Cyber Crime: Mobiles have become a medium for fraud, hacking, and other online crimes.



Conclusion

Mobiles can be both a boon and a curse. It depends entirely on how the user chooses to utilize them. When used within limits and for the right purposes, mobiles are a boon. However, excessive and improper use turns them into a curse. We must use mobiles wisely and in a balanced way to enjoy their benefits while avoiding their adverse effects.
Thus, it can be said that whether mobiles become a boon or a curse depends entirely on how we use them.

मोबाइल: वरदान या अभिशाप

मोबाइल फोन आज के युग में एक अनिवार्य उपकरण बन गया है। इसके बिना जीवन की कल्पना करना मुश्किल हो गया है। मोबाइल ने जहां संचार और सुविधाओं को सरल बना दिया है, वहीं इसके दुरुपयोग ने कई समस्याओं को जन्म दिया है। यह कहना मुश्किल है कि यह वरदान है या अभिशाप, क्योंकि इसका प्रभाव व्यक्ति के उपयोग पर निर्भर करता है।

मोबाइल: एक वरदान

मोबाइल ने दुनिया को हमारी मुट्ठी में समेट दिया है। इसके माध्यम से हम दुनिया के किसी भी कोने में बैठे व्यक्ति से संपर्क कर सकते हैं। इंटरनेट की सुविधा ने ज्ञान, शिक्षा, और मनोरंजन को हमारे करीब ला दिया है।

1. संचार में क्रांति: मोबाइल ने फोन कॉल, वीडियो कॉल और संदेश भेजने की सुविधा देकर संचार को तेज और आसान बना दिया है।


2. शिक्षा का साधन: ऑनलाइन कक्षाओं, शैक्षणिक ऐप्स, और ई-बुक्स की उपलब्धता ने शिक्षा को हर व्यक्ति तक पहुंचाया है।


3. मनोरंजन का स्रोत: गाने, फिल्में, गेम्स, और सोशल मीडिया प्लेटफॉर्म के जरिए मोबाइल ने मनोरंजन के साधनों को सरल और सुलभ बना दिया है।


4. व्यापार और रोजगार: मोबाइल ने डिजिटल मार्केटिंग, ऑनलाइन बिजनेस, और वर्क फ्रॉम होम के अवसर प्रदान किए हैं।



मोबाइल: एक अभिशाप

जहां मोबाइल ने जीवन को सुविधाजनक बनाया है, वहीं इसके अत्यधिक और अनुचित उपयोग ने कई नकारात्मक प्रभाव डाले हैं।

1. स्वास्थ्य पर प्रभाव: मोबाइल का अत्यधिक उपयोग आंखों, मस्तिष्क, और नींद पर नकारात्मक प्रभाव डालता है। रेडिएशन का असर दीर्घकालिक स्वास्थ्य समस्याओं को जन्म दे सकता है।


2. समय की बर्बादी: सोशल मीडिया, गेम्स, और अन्य ऐप्स पर समय बर्बाद करने से उत्पादकता कम होती है।


3. सामाजिक संबंधों में गिरावट: मोबाइल के अत्यधिक उपयोग ने व्यक्तिगत बातचीत को कम कर दिया है, जिससे परिवार और मित्रों के साथ समय बिताने की प्रवृत्ति घट गई है।


4. साइबर क्राइम: मोबाइल के माध्यम से धोखाधड़ी, हैकिंग, और ऑनलाइन अपराध तेजी से बढ़ रहे हैं।



निष्कर्ष

मोबाइल वरदान भी है और अभिशाप भी। यह उपयोगकर्ता के ऊपर निर्भर करता है कि वह इसे किस प्रकार उपयोग करता है। अगर इसे सीमित समय और सही उद्देश्य के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जाए, तो यह एक वरदान है। लेकिन इसका अत्यधिक और गलत उपयोग इसे अभिशाप बना देता है। हमें मोबाइल का विवेकपूर्ण और संतुलित उपयोग करना चाहिए ताकि हम इसके लाभों का आनंद ले सकें और नकारात्मक प्रभावों से बच सकें।
इसलिए, यह कहा जा सकता है कि मोबाइल को वरदान बनाना या अभिशाप, यह पूरी तरह से हमारे उपयोग पर निर्भर करता है।

✅Daily The Hindu Vocabulary✅

1. APPARENT [ Adj ] = स्पष्ट = clearly visible or understood; obvious.

2. DEFINITIVE [ Adj ] = निर्णायक = (of a conclusion or agreement) done or reached decisively and with authority.

3. INFLECTION [ N ] = मोड़

4. HEGEMON [ N ] = a supreme leader.

5. ENDORSEMENT [ N ] = समर्थन = an act of giving one's public approval or support to someone or something.

6. IMPRINT [ V ] = छाप = impress or stamp (a mark or outline) on a surface or body.

7. FOLLY [ N ] = मूर्खता = lack of good sense; foolishness.

8. OUTLIVE [ V ] = जीवित रहना = (of a person) live longer than (another person).

9. FOREBEARS [ N ] = पूर्वजों = an ancestor.

10. RECESS [ N ] = अवकाश = a period of time when the proceedings of a parliament, committee, court of law, or other official body are temporarily suspended.

11. TEMPER [ N ] = स्वभाव = a person's state of mind seen in terms of their being angry or calm.

12. DERISION [ N ] = उपहास = contemptuous ridicule or mockery.

13. PROPONENT [ N ] = समर्थक = a person who advocates a theory, proposal, or project.

14. VERDICT [ N ] = निर्णय = a decision on a disputed issue in a civil or criminal case or an inquest.

15. DISMANTLE [ V ] = take (a machine or structure) to pieces.

16. ELITE [ N ] = a select part of a group that is superior to the rest in terms of ability or qualities

17. SCEPTICISM [ N ] = संदेहवाद = doubt as to the truth of something.

18. GOBBLE [ V ] = हडप जाना = eat (something) hurriedly and noisily.

19. UPEND [ V ] = समाप्त कर देना = set or turn (something) on its end or upside down.

20. USURP [ V ] = हड़पना = take (a position of power or importance) illegally or by force.

21. FIEFDOMS [ N ] = जागीर

22. SWEAR [ V ] = सौगंध खाना = make a solemn statement or promise undertaking to do something or affirming that something is the case.

23. UNANIMOUS [ Adj ] = एकमत = (of two or more people) fully in agreement.

Letter Writing Notes in English

Letter writing is a fundamental form of communication that allows individuals to convey messages, share thoughts, or provide information to someone else. Letters can be formal or informal depending on the purpose and audience.


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Types of Letters

1. Formal Letter
Used for official purposes, such as applications, complaints, or business correspondence. Examples include:

Application for a job.

Letter to a government authority.

Complaint letter to a company.



2. Informal Letter
Written to friends, family, or acquaintances in a casual tone. Examples include:

A letter to a friend about a recent trip.

A letter to a family member expressing gratitude.





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Format of a Letter

1. Heading/Address

Sender's Address: Mentioned at the top left or right.

Date: Write the date directly below the address.



2. Recipient's Address (Only for formal letters)

Mention the designation and address of the recipient.



3. Salutation

Formal: "Dear Sir/Madam" or "Respected Sir/Madam."

Informal: "Dear [Name]" or "Hi [Name]."



4. Body of the Letter

Introduction: State the purpose of the letter.

Main Content: Provide details or explain the matter.

Conclusion: Summarize or provide a closing statement.



5. Closing Line

Formal: "Yours sincerely," "Yours faithfully."

Informal: "With love," "Best wishes," or "Take care."



6. Signature

Formal: Full name and designation (if applicable).

Informal: First name.





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Tips for Effective Letter Writing

Be clear and concise.

Use appropriate language and tone based on the recipient.

Proofread for grammar and spelling errors.

Maintain a logical structure.



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Example

Formal Letter (Complaint Letter)
Sender's Address
12 Green Street,
New York City, NY.
15th November 2024.

The Manager,
XYZ Electronics,
456 Blue Avenue,
New York City, NY.

Subject: Complaint Regarding Defective Product

Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to inform you about a defective laptop I purchased from your store on 10th November 2024. Despite following all the instructions, the device fails to operate.

I request a replacement or refund at the earliest. Please find the receipt attached for reference.

Yours faithfully,
John Doe


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Informal Letter (To a Friend)
Sender's Address
12 Green Street,
New York City, NY.
15th November 2024.

Dear Alex,
I hope this letter finds you in great health. I wanted to share an amazing experience I had on my recent trip to the mountains. The breathtaking views and serene atmosphere were unforgettable!

Let me know when we can meet; I have so many stories to share.

With love,
John


All the best 👍

Important Book for CTET 👍

https://youtu.be/Nma_M4Ewis0

✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary |


1. GARGANTUAN (ADJECTIVE): (विशाल): enormous
Synonyms: massive, huge 
Antonyms: tiny 
Example Sentence: Tigers and lions have a gargantuan appetite. 


2. RELATIVE (ADJECTIVE): (तुलनात्मक): comparative 
Synonyms: respective, comparable 
Antonyms: absolute 
Example Sentence: The relative effectiveness of the various mechanisms is not known. 


3. SUBSTANTIAL (ADJECTIVE): (प्रबल): sturdy 
Synonyms: solid, stout 
Antonyms: insubstantial 
Example Sentence: He lives near the row of substantial Victorian villas. 


4. EFFICACY (NOUN): (प्रभावोत्पादकता): effectiveness 
Synonyms: success, potency 
Antonyms: inefficacy 
Example Sentence: There is little information on the efficacy of this treatment. 


5. INTRIGUE (VERB): (दिलचस्प बनाना): interest 
Synonyms: fascinate, attract 
Antonyms: bore 
Example Sentence: The whole class was intrigued by his unique question. 


6. ESCALATION (NOUN): (वृद्धि): rise 
Synonyms: hike, advance 
Antonyms: plunge 
Example Sentence: A further escalation of the crisis now seems inevitable. 


7. UNACCEPTABLE (ADJECTIVE): (अस्वीकार्य): intolerable 
Synonyms: insufferable, unsatisfactory 
Antonyms: acceptable 
Example Sentence: His behaviour was unacceptable. 


8. CONSIDERABLE (ADJECTIVE): (ध्यान देने लायक़): distinguished 
Synonyms: noteworthy, noted 
Antonyms: insignificant 
Example Sentence: Snow was a limited, but still considerable, novelist. 


9. MENACE (VERB): (खतरे में डालना): threaten 
Synonyms: jeopardize, imperil 
Antonyms: friendly 
Example Sentence: Africa's elephants are still menaced by poaching. 


10. VACANT (ADJECTIVE): (भावशून्य): blank 
Synonyms: expressionless, deadpan 
Antonyms: expressive 
Example Sentence: I came across a vacant stare.

✅Daily The Hindu Vocabulary✅

1. HUDDLE (Verb) : भीड़ लगाना = crowd
Synonyms: gather, throng
Antonyms: disperse

2. SPLENDOUR (Noun) : वैभव = magnificence
Synonyms: grandeur, opulence
Antonyms: modesty

3. INDICT (Verb) : अभियोग लगाना = charge with
Synonyms: summon, cite
Antonyms: acquit

4. INSURGENT (Noun) : विद्रोही = rebel
Synonyms: revolutionary, mutineer
Antonyms: loyalist

5. CONSENSUS (Noun) : आम सहमति = agreement
Synonyms: harmony, concord
Antonyms: disagreement

6. AMBITIOUS (Adj) : महत्वाकांक्षी = aspiring
Synonyms: determined, forceful
Antonyms: unambitious

7. COMBAT (Verb) : सामना करना = fight
Synonyms: tackle, attack
Antonyms: give in to

8. ULTIMATE (Adj) : अंतिम = eventual
Synonyms: last, final
Antonyms: immediate

9. UNDERMINE (Verb) : दुर्बल करना = subvert
Synonyms: sabotage, threaten
Antonyms: enhance

10. UNFETTERED (Adj) : निरंकुश = unrestrained
Synonyms: unrestricted, unconstrained
Antonyms: restrained

✅ Previous Year Vocabulary ✅


1. THRIVE (Verb): फलना-फूलना = Flourish
Synonyms: Prosper, Burgeon
Antonyms: Decline

2. ACCOUNTABILITY (Noun): जवाबदेही = Responsibility
Synonyms: Liability, Answerability
Antonyms: Unaccountability

3. BLISTERING (Adj): बर्बर = Savage
Synonyms: Vicious, Fierce
Antonyms: Mild

4. PROTRACT (Verb): बढ़ाना = Prolong
Synonyms: Extend, Draw out
Antonyms: Curtail

5. EXPERIMENTAL (Adj): परिवर्तनात्‍मक = Innovative
Synonyms: New, Original
Antonyms: Stale

6. FACTION (Noun): विरोध = Infighting
Synonyms: Dissension, Dissent
Antonyms: Harmony

7. ACADEMIC (Adj): सैद्धांतिक = Theoretical
Synonyms: Conceptual, Notional
Antonyms: Practical

8. RESOLVE (Noun): दृढ़ निश्चय = Determination
Synonyms: Resolution, Purpose
Antonyms: Indecision

9. INFREQUENT (Adj): असामान्य = Rare
Synonyms: Uncommon Unusual
Antonyms: Frequent

10. EARMARK (Verb): चिह्नित करना = Set aside
Synonyms: Reserve, Appropriate
Antonyms: Use up

🔴Vocabulary

conducted – आयोजन किया
examines – जाँच
preliminary – प्रारंभिक
qualitative – गुणवत्ता
heartfelt – हार्दिक
Embrace – आलिंगन
efficient – कुशल
coefficients – गुणांक
whim – भावना
whim – रंग
arbitrary – मनमाने ढंग से
heuristic – अनुमानी
comply – पालन करना
solicit – मांगना
domineering – तानाशाही
gullible – भोला, आसानी से धोखा खानेवाला
chatty – बातूनी
nosy – सुगंधित
cynical – सनकी
conservative – रूढ़िवादी
oblivious – बेखबर
ignorant – अनजान
obsessed – ग्रस्त, पागल, जुनून सवार
bossy – शासक
Immature – अपरिपक्व
Mature – परिपक्व
authoritative – आधिकारिक
Naive – अनुभवहीन
naivete – भोलेपन
narrative – वर्णनात्मक
orphan – अनाथ
isolate – अलग-थलग
realm – क्षेत्र
preoccupation – अति व्यस्तता
affluent – धनी
redundancy – फालतूपन
in lieu, lieu – एवज में
initiative – पहल
nimble – तेज़
impedance – विरोध
Phrase – वाक्यांश
Phrasebook – शब्दकोश
persuade – राज़ी करना
underlay – बुनियाद
cause – कारण
extended – विस्तृत
exhaustive – संपूर्ण
thorough – संपूर्ण
rigorous – कठिन
unto – तक
global – वैश्विक
suicidal – आत्मघात
despondent – हताश
reservoir – जलाशय
convey – सूचित करना
demise – मृत्यु
insanity – पागलपन
Irony – व्यंग्य
prejudice – पक्षपात
Typically – आमतौर पर
determine – निर्धारित
Etiquette – शिष्टाचार
aggression – आक्रमण
unceasing – अटूट
heartless – बेरहम
heartlessness – निर्दयता
truculence – निर्दयता
provocation – उत्तेजना
violent – हिंसा करनेवाला
confront – सामना करना
readiness – तत्परता
hostile – शत्रुतापूर्ण
antipathy – घृणा
interpretation – व्याख्या
contented – संतुष्ट
Nevertheless – फिर भी
gem – मणि
profound – गहन
alchemy – रसायन विज्ञान
chaotic – अराजक
reverence – श्रद्धा
stupor – अचेतनता
Enrollment – नामांकन
rave – बड़बड़ाना
raving – पागल
Intent – इरादा
wit – बुद्धि
wits – दिमाग
oblivion – विस्मृति
lad, laddie – बालक
Barley – जौ
Oat – जई
muffin – टिकिया
Bran – भूसी, चोकर
Flakes – लच्छे
lurk – घात में रहना
sinister – भयावह
feverish – डांवांडोल
retract – वापस लेना
skeptical – उलझन में
abbreviation – संक्षिप्त नाम
stringent – कड़ी से कड़ी
peregrine – परदेशी
foreigner – विदेशी
expatriate – परदेशी
expat – प्रवासी
exile – निर्वासन
assertive – दृढ़ निश्चय वाला
empathize – सहानुभूति
gratify – कृतार्थ करना
tardy – धीमी
funky – कायरता
sedentary – गतिहीन जीवन
Proprietor – मालिक
competent – सक्षम
contingent – आकस्मिक
superfluous – ज़रूरत से ज़्यादा
closeout – नीलाम
bring into notice – ध्यान में लाना
Take cognizance of – ध्यान में लाना
rejig – बदलाव
retort – करारा जवाब
pass the buck – उत्तरदायित्व मढ़ना
precarious – अनिश्चित
defer – टालना
disseminate – प्रसारित करना
provocation – उकसावा
iconic – प्रतिष्ठित
lunatic – पागल मनुष्य
placard – दीवार पर विज्ञापन चिपकाना
placard – इश्तहार
humanitarian – मानवीय
hypertension – उच्च रक्तचाप
vigorous – जोरदार
epilepsy – मिरगी
belly – पेट
taut – तना हुआ
adores – प्यार करते हैं
adoration – आराधना
PRECISE – सटीक
vital – महत्वपूर्ण
grasp – समझ
reimbursement – भरपाई
coveted – प्रतिष्ठित
squeeze – निचोड़
feasible – संभव
liaise – संबंध स्थापित करना
pertaining – संबंधित
Fistula – नासूर
Infertility – बांझपन
Naturopathy – प्राकृतिक चिकित्सा
Venereal – कामी
convalescence – स्वास्थ लाभ
anomaly – विसंगति
genital – यौन
Congenital – जन्मजात
Circumcision – खतना
attributable – कारण
exclusion – बहिष्कार
Indemnity – हानि से सुरक्षा
admissible – स्वीकार्य
Prudent – विवेकी
transcends – अतिक्रमण
transcend – पार
Wobble – लडखडाना
condemnation – निंदा
prevalent – प्रचलित
immense – अत्यधिक
certain – निश्चित
certain – कुछ
Redeemed – छुड़ाया
whiskers – मूंछ
tentacle – मूंछ
mustache – मूंछ
miser – कंजूस
commencement – प्रारंभ
serene – निर्मल
perseverance – दृढ़ता
toxin – विष
stale – बासी
abundant – प्रचुर
strained – तनावपूर्ण
erratic – अनियमित
vanish – गायब
diminishes – घटता
rung – छड़
veil – परदा
prerequisite – शर्त
criterion – मापदंड
satiated – तृप्त
lineage – वंशावली
Plunk – खनखनाहट
rapport – घनिष्ठता
enshrined – प्रतिष्ठापित
persuaded – राजी
estranged – पराया
spacious – विशाल
confectionery – हलवाई की दुकान
riddle – पहेली
conscientious – ईमानदार
dedication – निष्ठा
introspection – आत्मनिरीक्षण

Important Vocabularies from English newspapers 👇