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🔵Deluxe — 30% (1918 TL);
🔵Extra — 25% (1755 TL);
🔵Essential — 20% (1120 TL).

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@XM17I

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大黒パーキングエリア
Daikoku PA

Basic Design:

1- Reciprocating :
Engine has one or more cylinders in which pistons reciprocate back and forth.The combustion chamber is located in the closed end of each cylinder. Power is delivered to a rotating output crankshaft by mechanical linkage with the pistons.

2- Wankel (rotary):
Engine is made of a block (stator) built around a large nonconcentric rotor and crankshaft.The combustion chambers are built into the nonrotating block. A number of experimental engines have been tested using this concept, but the only design that has ever become common in an automobile is the Wankel engine in several Mazda models. Mazda builds rotary automobile engines with one, two, and three rotors.

3- Gas turbine:
any internal-combustion engine employing a gas as the working fluid used to turn a turbine. The term also is conventionally used to describe a complete internal-combustion engine consisting of at least a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine

classifications of the internal combustion engines:

Basic Design
Position and number of Cylinders of Reciprocating Engines
Types of Ignition
Type of Cooling
Engine Cycles
Valve Location
Air Intake Process
Fuel and Method of Fuel input
Application

Position and number of Cylinders of Reciprocating Engines:

1- Single Cylinder

2- In line

3- V engines

4- Flat

5- W engines

6- U engines

7- X engine

8- Swashplate engine

9- Opposed Pistons

10- Radial

11- Napier Deltic

#under_construction

Types of Ignition:

1- Spark Ignition:
An SI engine starts the combustion process in each cycle by use of a spark plug.The spark plug gives a high-voltage electrical discharge between two electrodes which ignites the air–fuel mixture in the combustion chamber surrounding the plug. In early engine development, before the invention of the electric spark plug, many forms of torch holes were used to initiate combustion from an external flame.

2- compression ignition:
The combustion process in a CI engine starts when the air–fuel mixture self-ignites due to high temperature in the combustion chamber caused by high compression.

Engine Cycles:
1-Four-Stroke Cycle
A four-stroke cycle has four piston movements over two engine revolutions for each cycle.

2- two-stoke cycle
A two-stoke cycl has two pisiton movements over one revolution for each cycle

*Three-stroke and six-stroke cycles were also tried in early engine development

Types of Cooling:
1-Air Cooled
2-Liquid cooled (water Cooled)

Air Intake Process:
1-Naturally Aspirated:
No intake air pressure boost system.

2-Supercharged:
Intake air pressure increased with the compressor driven off the engine crankshaft

3- Turbocharged
Intake air pressure increased with the turbine-compressor driven by the engine exhaust gases

4- Crankcase Compressed
Two-stroke cycle engine which uses the crankcase as the intake air compressor. Limited development work has also been done on design and construction of four-stroke cycle engines with crankcase compression.

Method of fuel input:
-Methods used in SI engines:
1- Carbureted
2- Manifold injection
4- Direct injection

-Methods used in CI engines:
1- Direct injection
fuel injected into main combustion chamber

2-Indirect injection:
Fuel injected into secondary combustion chamber

3- Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition:
Some fuel added during intake stroke

Valve Location:
1- valves in head (OHV: over head valve)

2- valves in block (flat head) also called T head or L head engine based on position of valves

3- One valve in head (usually intake) and one in block, also called F Head engine; this is much less common.

4- Over Head Camshaft (OHC)

*more pics in the comments

Fuel Type
1- Gasoline
2- Diesel
3- CNG
4- LPG
5- Alcohol
6- Dual fuel:
There are a number of engines that use a combination of two or more fuels. Some, usually large, CI engines use a combination of natural gas and diesel fuel. These are attractive in developing third-world countries because of the high cost of diesel fuel. Combined gasoline–alcohol fuels are becoming more common as an alternative to straight gasoline automobile engine fuel.

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