کلمات ربط (Linking Words / Conjunctions)
کلمات ربط، عبارات یا جملات را به یکدیگر متصل میکنند و به ایجاد ارتباط منطقی بین ایدهها کمک میکنند. این کلمات به بهبود ساختار نوشتاری و روان بودن متن کمک میکنند.
#### انواع کلمات ربط و کاربردها:
### الف. کلمات ربط برای اضافه کردن اطلاعات (Addition)
برای افزودن اطلاعات جدید و مرتبط استفاده میشوند.
- Moreover:
*The number of tourists increased. Moreover, the revenue from tourism grew significantly.*
- In addition:
*The population grew by 5%. In addition, life expectancy increased.*
- Furthermore:
*Exports rose by 10%. Furthermore, imports also saw a decline.*
- Additionally:
*The company reduced its costs. Additionally, it increased its market share.*
### ب. کلمات ربط برای مقایسه و تقابل (Comparison and Contrast)
برای مقایسه یا بیان تفاوتها بین دو یا چند موضوع استفاده میشوند.
- However:
*Sales increased in 2020. However, profits declined due to rising costs.*
- On the other hand:
*Exports rose significantly. On the other hand, imports remained steady.*
- In contrast:
*The population of Country A increased. In contrast, Country B saw a decline.*
- Whereas:
*The number of cars sold rose, whereas bike sales dropped.*
- While:
*While exports grew, imports declined.*
### ج. کلمات ربط برای نتیجهگیری یا توصیف نتیجه (Conclusion or Result)
این کلمات برای بیان نتیجهگیری یا نتیجه یک عمل یا روند به کار میروند.
- Therefore:
*The number of students increased. Therefore, more classrooms were needed.*
- Thus:
*The company expanded its operations. Thus, its profits grew significantly.*
- Consequently:
*The demand for housing increased. Consequently, prices rose sharply.*
- As a result:
*The population grew rapidly. As a result, there was a shortage of resources.*
### د. کلمات ربط برای بیان ترتیب (Sequencing)
برای بیان ترتیب زمانی یا اولویتبندی اطلاعات استفاده میشوند.
- First(ly):
*Firstly, the sales increased by 5%.*
- Second(ly):
*Secondly, there was a sharp decline in expenses.*
- Then:
*The population grew. Then, the government introduced new policies.*
- Finally:
*The profits rose steadily. Finally, the company reached its target.*
### ه. کلمات ربط برای بیان زمان (Time)
این کلمات برای بیان زمان یک رویداد استفاده میشوند.
- Before:
*Before 2020, the unemployment rate was stable.*
- After:
*After 2019, there was a sharp increase in demand.*
- During:
*During the first quarter, the sales figures remained constant.*
- By the time:
*By the time the project finished, the budget had doubled.*
### و. کلمات ربط برای بیان علت و معلول (Cause and Effect)
این کلمات برای توضیح دلیل یا نتیجه یک عمل استفاده میشوند.
- Because:
*The population increased because of improved healthcare.*
- Since:
*The company’s profits grew since it reduced its operating costs.*
- Due to:
*There was a decline in sales due to the economic recession.*
- Owing to:
*The factory closed owing to a lack of demand.*
### ز. کلمات ربط برای توصیف میزان یا حد (Degree or Limit)
این کلمات میزان یا حد چیزی را بیان میکنند.
- Almost:
*The sales figures were almost double those of last year.*
- Nearly:
*The population nearly reached 2 million by 2020.*
- Just over/under:
*The unemployment rate was just over 5%.*
### ۳. چند مثال برای استفاده درست از ضمایر و کلمات ربط
در این مثالها، ضمایر و کلمات ربط به خوبی برای اتصال ایدهها استفاده شدهاند:
- *The sales of cars increased in 2020. This led to a rise in profits. Moreover, the company expanded its operations globally.*
- *The number of tourists increased significantly. However, the revenue from tourism did not grow at the same rate. As a result, the government implemented new policies.*