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Balsam

In News

Presenting a visual feast to tourists, balsams (genus Impatiens) are in full bloom in Munnar.

About

▪️Balsam is locally called as Kasithumba and Onappovu.

▪️It is known as ‘touch-me-not’ because of the bursting of mature seeds and seed distribution.

▪️They are commonly known by different names including balsams, touch me not, jewel weed etc.

▪️It is distributed in the tropical, sub-tropical and northern temperate regions of the world.

▪️It is found mainly in India, China and Africa and some parts of Europe and North America.

▪️India is home to 220 balsam species in which 135 are found in the southern Western Ghats.

▪️Anamudi, the highest mountain in the Western Ghats, and the surrounding high ranges are known for the diversity of wild balsams.

▪️The normal lifecycle of balsams is from June to December.

▪️The plant mainly grows inside pockets of forest areas.

▪️It is a major indicator species of climate change.

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VOCABULARY

1.Convened(V):-come or bring together for a meeting or activity; assemble.संयोजित

2.In the midst of(phrase):in the middle of a place or a group of things or people

3.Spilled over(Phrasal Verb):(of a bad situation or strong emotion)reach a point at which it can no longer be controlled or contained

4.Depleted(v):-use up the supply or resources of.कम करना

5.Vulnerable: at riks, Unsafe.

6.Precipitous(adj.):-dangerously high or steep.शीघ्र

7.Vertebrate(N):-an animal of a large group distinguished by the possession of a backbone or spinal column, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes

8.flora and fauna:  the term flora relates to all plant life and the term fauna represents all animal life.

9.Irritants(N):-thing that is continually annoying or distracting.

10.Dispensed with(Phrasal verb):to no longer use someone or something because you no longer want or need them

11.Envisaged(v):-foresee, predict परिकल्पित

12.Indigenous(Adj.):-originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.  

13.Toe-to-toe(Phrase:):-(of two people) standing directly in front of one another, especially in order to fight or argue.काँटे की टक्कर

14.Bonhomie(N):-cheerful friendliness; geniality.खुशमिजाजी

15.Undergird(v):-STRENGTHEN, SUPPORT

16.Disdain(तिरस्कार):-the feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one's consideration or respect.

17.Brawl:to quarrel or fight noisily

18.Dug One's heels(Phrase):- to refuse to alter one's course of action or opinions; to be obstinate or determined.

19.Bungling(गोलमाल करना):-making or characterized by many clumsy mistakes.

20.Stepping out of the shadow : is used to describe someone finding success apart from the success of another person.

21.Bout(N): spell, period, time

22.Prosaically(adverb):-नीरसता से, monotonously, prosaically

23.Stalwarts(दिग्गजों):-a loyal, reliable, and hard-working supporter of or participant in an organization or team.

24.Demarcated(verb):Seprate, delimit; सीमांकित

25.Mopping up(phrasal verb):-complete the military conquest of an area by capturing or killing remaining enemy troops;make an end of, account for, take care of.

26.Epitaph(स्मृति लेख):-omething by which a person, time, or event will be remembered

27.Denouement: Outcome, resut , end result

28.Resurrection: restoration, regeneration

29.Stringent(Adj):-strict, precise, and exacting.कड़ा, कठोर

30.Debilitating(Adj.):-tending to weaken something.कमजोरी लाने वाली

31.In the face of(phrase):;despite:के बावजूद

32.Recalcitrant(Adj.):-unmanageable, ungovernable, आज्ञा न माननेवाला

33.Caveats(N):-warning, caution ,admonition;चेतावनियां

34.Albeit is a conjunction that means “even though” or “although.”

35.Beleaguered(V):put in a very difficult situation.परेशान

36.Semblance(N):-appearance, show; दिखावा, झलक,अनुरूपता

37.Buoy(v):-keep (someone or something) afloat. सीमित

38.Contraction(N): shrinking, decline

39.Recalibrate(v)calibrate (something) again or differently.अंशांकित

40. Depleted(v):-use up the supply or resources of.कम करना

NATURE OF ADVICE BY MINISTERS

Statecouncilofministers

Article 163 provides for a council of ministers with the chief minister at the head to aid and advise the governor in the exercise of his functions except the discretionary ones.

If any question arises whether a matter falls within the governor’s discretion or not, the decision of the governor is final and the validity of anything done by him cannot be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in his discretion.

Further, the nature of advice tendered by ministers to the governor cannot be enquired by any court.

This provision emphasises the intimate and the confidential relationship between the governor and the ministers.

In 1971, the Supreme Court ruled that a council of ministers must always exist to advise the governor, even after the dissolution of the state legislative assembly or resignation of a council of ministers. Hence, the existing ministry may continue in the office until its successor assumes charge.

Again in 1974, the Court clarified that except in spheres where the governor is to act in his discretion, the governor has to act on the aid and advice of the council of ministers in the exercise of his powers and functions.

He is not required to act personally without the aid and advice of the council of ministers or against the aid and advice of the council of ministers. Wherever the Constitution requires the satisfaction of the governor, the satisfaction is not the personal satisfaction of the governor but it is the satisfaction of the council of ministers.

Rohan bopannaa & Rutuja bhonsle won gold in tennis in Asian games

ARTICLE 167 - DUTIES OF CHIEF MINISTER

Statecoucilofminister

It shall be the duty of the Chief Minister of each state :-

To communicate to the governor of the state all decisions of the council of ministers relating to the administration of the affairs of the state and proposals for legislation.

To furnish such information relating to the administration of the affairs of the state and proposals for legislation as the governor may call for.

If the governor so requires, to submit for the consideration of the council of ministers any matter on which a decision has been taken by a minister but which has not been considered by the council.

POLITY:
From the various judgements, the following have emerged as ‘basic features’ of the Constitution or elements of the ‘basic structure’ of the constitution :-

1. Supremacy of the Constitution

2. Sovereign, democratic and republican nature of the Indian polity

3. Secular character of the Constitution

4. Separation of powers between the legislature, the executive and the judiciary

5. Federal character of the Constitution

6. Unity and integrity of the nation

7. Welfare state (socio-economic justice)

8. Judicial review

9. Freedom and dignity of the individual

10. Parliamentary system

11. Rule of law

12. Harmony and balance between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles

13. Principle of equality

14. Free and fair elections

15. Independence of Judiciary

16. Limited power of Parliament to amend the Constitution

17. Effective access to justice

18. Principles (or essence) underlying fundamental rights

19. Powers of SC under Articles 32, 136, 141 and 142

20. Powers of HC under Articles 226 and 227

■ ARTICLE 167 - DUTIES OF CHIEF MINISTER

#Statecoucilofminister

□ It shall be the duty of the Chief Minister of each state :-

◇ To communicate to the governor of the state all decisions of the council of ministers relating to the administration of the affairs of the state and proposals for legislation.

◇ To furnish such information relating to the administration of the affairs of the state and proposals for legislation as the governor may call for.

◇ If the governor so requires, to submit for the consideration of the council of ministers any matter on which a decision has been taken by a minister but which has not been considered by the