تعلم الانجليزية

تعلم الانجليزية pinned «فهرس القناة 📮مذاكرة كورس ZAmericanEnglish من البداية https://t.me/American_EngIish/473 تمارين استماع🎧 https://t.me/American_EngIish/2848 جرامر A1 انجلش 🇬🇧 https://t.me/American_EngIish/917 #حاجات_منعرفش_اسمها https://t.me/American_EngIish/1697 #Taken_news…»

#Intriguing_Articles

1- Ai For Dummies
https://t.me/American_EngIish/2888

2-A Critical Perspective on Military Leaders in Egyptian History
https://t.me/American_EngIish/2934

A Critical Perspective on Military Leaders in Egyptian History

Egypt's history is filled with prominent names that are considered symbols of bravery and victory, such as Saladin and Qutuz and Baybars. However, we must ask an important question: Were these leaders truly local and deserving representatives of Egyptian history, or are they part of a foreign legacy that does not fully reflect the national identity?

Non-Egyptian Leaders

Despite the admiration many have for these figures as great leaders, most of them were not Egyptian. Saladin, for instance, was born in Tikrit and had Kurdish origins. Similarly, Qutuz and Baybars came from non-Egyptian backgrounds, and although they achieved significant military successes, their historical contexts did not necessarily reflect an authentic Egyptian leadership experience.

Another notable figure is Muhammad Ali Pasha, who is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt. However, he was also not originally Egyptian, as he was born in Macedonia. Despite his accomplishments in modernizing the country, he represents a case of non-local leadership that is often classified within the legacy of Egyptian leaders.

Distinguished Local Leaders

In contrast, we can point to several Egyptian leaders who stood out in history, such as Ahmed Orabi, who led a revolt against British occupation at the end of the 19th century. Orabi was a symbol of national resistance, and although he did not achieve complete success, he embodied the spirit of Egyptian struggle against foreign control.

Additionally, Amr Makram stands out among Egyptian leaders who clung to national identity and participated in the fight against occupation. He played a significant role in establishing the concept of Egyptian nationalism.

Notable Leaders in the Arab and Islamic World

Furthermore, there are many distinguished leaders in the Arab and Islamic world who faced occupations. Omar Mukhtar, for example, is regarded as a symbol of resistance against Italian occupation in Libya. He fought fierce battles to defend his homeland and became an icon of anti-colonial struggle.

Abdul Qadir al-Jaza'iri is another leader celebrated for his resistance against French colonization in Algeria. He led a prolonged uprising and stood firm against occupying forces, displaying great courage in defending his country's sovereignty.

Additionally, Sheikh Ahmed Yassin is considered a symbol of Palestinian resistance against Israeli occupation, having founded Hamas and played a significant role in the struggle for Palestinian rights.

Conclusion

In the end, the history of military leaders in Egypt and the Arab and Islamic world embodies diverse and complex experiences. While the role of foreign leaders who have left their mark on history cannot be denied, we must also appreciate the achievements of local and Arab leaders who bravely faced occupations. Understanding the history of resistance comprehensively requires acknowledging the diversity of personalities and the efforts made in pursuit of independence and national identity.

#intriguing_articles

"Salam alaykum 🖐. First, I believe it's crucial to regularly practice the topics I’ve been learning 📚. Recently, I focused on the topic of nationalities 🌍, and I came across some intriguing insights 🤔. One significant point is that some nationalities require specifying gender 👨‍🦰👩‍🦰. For example, it’s incorrect to say a Dutch to describe someone’s nationality. Instead, you should say a Dutch man or a Dutch woman to be accurate. However, for other nationalities, such as American 🇺🇸, you can simply say an American without the need to mention gender. To communicate precisely, it's essential to be mindful 🧠 of when gender-specific terms are necessary. While some may view this as a challenge ⚠️, it's just a matter of following the linguistic conventions 📖.

Additionally, I learned how nationalities are derived from country names, which follows specific patterns 🔤. For instance, for Iraq 🇮🇶, you add an ‘i’ to form Iraqi, and for Egypt 🇪🇬, you add -ian to create Egyptian. These are important rules that can help you easily identify nationalities 🗣.

What I appreciate about the book 📖 is that it begins with a well-structured introduction on effective vocabulary memorization strategies 🧠💡, starting with a relatively simple topic like nationalities. It emphasizes that someone at a B2 level isn’t just expected to be conversational 🗨️, but should also have a broad, educated understanding of the language and its nuances 🧑‍🎓.

The first chapter of the book also includes a world map 🗺️ highlighting different regions, such as the Scandinavian countries 🏔️. Before this, I wasn’t entirely familiar with all the countries in that region. I had heard the term Scandinavian and knew it had historical ties to the Vikings 🛡, but I hadn’t studied the modern countries it refers to, like Denmark 🇩🇰 and others in that area 🏞.

The book also introduces several important groups, such as political and economic unions 🏛. One notable example is the Commonwealth 🌐. Although I’d heard the term frequently 🗣️, I didn’t fully grasp its meaning 🤔. Initially, I assumed it referred to powerful nations like the U.S. 🇺🇸 or Japan 🇯🇵, but after researching 🔍, I discovered that the Commonwealth consists of countries that were once colonized by Britain 🇬🇧 and are still linked to it. For instance, India 🇮🇳 and Nigeria 🇳🇬 are part of the Commonwealth 🌍.

#Advanced_English_Words

فهرس القناة

📮مذاكرة كورس ZAmericanEnglish من البداية
https://t.me/American_EngIish/473


تمارين استماع🎧
https://t.me/American_EngIish/2848


جرامر A1 انجلش 🇬🇧
https://t.me/American_EngIish/917


#حاجات_منعرفش_اسمها
https://t.me/American_EngIish/1697


#Taken_news
https://t.me/American_EngIish/2244


#Funny_shorts_explained
https://t.me/American_EngIish/2307


#Advanced_English_Words
https://t.me/American_EngIish/2595


#CAMBRIDGE_B2_WOEDSBOOK
https://t.me/American_EngIish/2926


#Intriguing_Articles
https://t.me/American_EngIish/2937

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing our planet today. It refers to long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions, primarily driven by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. These activities release greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere, leading to global warming.

The effects of climate change are already being felt around the world. Rising temperatures result in melting ice caps and glaciers, leading to rising sea levels that threaten coastal communities. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and floods, are becoming more frequent and severe, impacting agriculture and livelihoods.

Addressing climate change requires collective action at all levels—individuals, communities, governments, and businesses. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, promoting sustainable practices, and reducing waste are essential steps in mitigating its effects.

In conclusion, climate change poses significant risks to our environment and society. Taking proactive measures today can help protect the planet for future generations.

📚Cambridge B2 words book 

سلسلة تلخيص كتاب English Words In Use B2

1- Countries And Nationalities
2- Wether Vocabulary

💡 Common Mistake Tip

Remember, “weather” is uncountable, so you should say: “We had terrible weather.” (NOT “a terrible weather”).‌‌


💡 نصيحة الأخطاء الشائعة

تذكر أن كلمة "الطقس" لا يمكن عدها، لذا يجب أن تقول: "لقد كان الطقس سيئًا لدينا". (ليس "الطقس(A) الرهيب").‌‌

النّص المترجم: en-ar
. مفردات الرياح

(النسيم): الريح اللطيفة الخفيفة.

مثال: نسيم بارد جعل اليوم الدافئ ممتعًا.


رياح قوية (اسم): رياح قوية جدًا.

مثال: هبت رياح قوية على عدة أشجار.


عاصفة (اسم): ريح شديدة جدًا.

مثال: أجبرتنا العاصفة على البقاء في الداخل طوال اليوم.


الإعصار (اسم): رياح شديدة وخطيرة للغاية، وغالبًا ما تكون مصحوبة بالمطر.

مثال: تسبب الإعصار في أضرار واسعة النطاق على طول الساحل

. Wind Vocabulary

Breeze (noun): a gentle, light wind.

Example: A cool breeze made the warm day enjoyable.


Strong/High Wind (noun): very powerful wind.

Example: Strong winds blew down several trees.


Gale (noun): a very strong wind.

Example: The gale forced us to stay indoors all day.


Hurricane (noun): an extremely high and dangerous wind, often accompanied by rain.

Example: The hurricane caused widespread damage along the coast.‌‌

3. Wet Weather Vocabulary

Shower (noun): a short period of light rain.

Example: A brief shower passed, and then the sun came out.


Heavy Rain (noun): intense, strong rainfall.

Example: Heavy rain made it hard to see while driving.


Pour Down (verb) / Downpour (noun): to rain heavily.

Example: It poured down so hard yesterday that the streets flooded.


Torrential Rain (noun): extremely heavy rain, often causing flooding.

Example: Torrential rain is common during the monsoon season.


Flood (noun & verb): when water overflows onto normally dry land.

Example: The heavy rain caused a flood in the low-lying areas.


Overcast (adj.): when the sky is completely covered with clouds.

Example: The sky was overcast, hinting at an incoming storm.


Drought /draʊt/ (noun): a long period with no rain.

Example: The drought lasted for months, impacting the crops.‌‌

النّص المترجم: en-ar
3. مفردات الطقس الرطب

الدش (اسم): فترة قصيرة من المطر الخفيف.

مثال: مرت زخة قصيرة ثم طلعت الشمس.


أمطار غزيرة (اسم): أمطار غزيرة شديدة.

مثال: الأمطار الغزيرة جعلت من الصعب الرؤية أثناء القيادة.


أسقط (فعل) / أمطار (اسم): هطل المطر بغزارة.

مثال: هطلت الأمطار بشدة بالأمس حتى غمرت الشوارع.


أمطار غزيرة (اسم): أمطار غزيرة للغاية، وغالبًا ما تسبب فيضانات.

مثال: الأمطار الغزيرة شائعة خلال موسم الرياح الموسمية.


الفيضان (اسم وفعل): عندما يفيض الماء على أرض جافة عادة.

مثال: تسببت الأمطار الغزيرة في حدوث فيضانات في المناطق المنخفضة.


ملبد (صفة): عندما تكون السماء مغطاة بالكامل بالغيوم.

مثال: كانت السماء ملبدة بالغيوم، مما يشير إلى عاصفة قادمة.


الجفاف / دراعت / (اسم): فترة طويلة لا مطر فيها.

مثال: استمر الجفاف لعدة أشهر، مما أثر على المحاصيل.‌‌

.

2. مفردات الطقس الدافئ/الحار

استوائي (صفة): حار جدًا، ويشير عادةً إلى مناخ المناطق القريبة من خط الاستواء.

مثال: لا تستطيع العديد من النباتات البقاء على قيد الحياة خارج المناخات الاستوائية.


خانق (صفة): حار جدًا وغير مريح بحيث يصعب التنفس.

مثال: كان مترو الأنفاق خانقًا، مع عدم وجود دوران للهواء.


موغي (صفة): دافئ ورطب بشكل غير مريح.

مثال: أجد أن الطقس الرطب مرهق.


رطب (صفة): حار ورطب، مما يجعلك تتعرق.

مثال: المناخ الرطب يجعل كل شيء لزجًا.


الغليان (صفة): شديد الحرارة، وغالباً ما يكون غير مريح.

مثال: الجو يغلي اليوم؛ يجب أن نجد مكانًا أكثر برودة.


موجة الحر (اسم): فترة ممتدة من الطقس الحار والجاف للغاية.

مثال: أجبرت موجة الحر الكثير من الناس على البقاء في منازلهم.‌‌

2. Warm/Hot Weather Vocabulary

Tropical (adj.): very hot, usually referring to the climate in regions near the Equator.

Example: Many plants can’t survive outside of tropical climates.


Stifling (adj.): so hot and uncomfortable that it’s hard to breathe.

Example: The subway was stifling, with no air circulation.


Muggy (adj.): uncomfortably warm and damp.

Example: I find muggy weather to be exhausting.


Humid (adj.): hot and damp, making you sweat.

Example: The humid climate makes everything feel sticky.


Boiling (adj.): extremely hot, often uncomfortably so.

Example: It’s boiling today; we should find somewhere cooler.


Heatwave (noun): an extended period of very hot, dry weather.

Example: The heatwave forced many people to stay indoors.‌‌

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